1-Nitropropane

1-Nitropropane
Names
IUPAC name
1-Nitropropane
Identifiers
108-03-2
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Abbreviations 1-NP
ChEBI CHEBI:76261
ChemSpider 7615
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.223
EC Number 203-544-9
MeSH C035314
PubChem 7903
Properties
C3H7NO2
Molar mass 89.09 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid[1]
Odor Disagreeable[2]
Density 0.998 g/cm3
Melting point −108 °C (−162 °F; 165 K)
Boiling point 132 °C (270 °F; 405 K)
1.4 mg/L
Solubility soluble in chloroform
Vapor pressure 8 mmHg (20°C)[2]
Acidity (pKa) 17.0 [3]
Viscosity 0.844 cP
Hazards
NFPA 704
Flammability (red): no hazard code Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g., phosphorus Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
3
2
Flash point 35 °C (95 °F; 308 K)
420 °C (788 °F; 693 K)
Explosive limits 2.6-11.0%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
800 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
455 mg/kg (rat, oral)[4]
250 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[4]
3100 ppm (rat, 8 hr)[4]
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1000 ppm[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

1-Nitropropane (1-NP) is a solvent. It is a colorless liquid, an isomer of 2-nitropropane (2-NP), and classified as a nitro compound.

Preparation

1-NP is produced industrially by the reaction of propane and nitric acid. This reaction forms four nitroalkanes: nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-Nitropropane, and 2-Nitropropane. 1-NP is also a byproduct of the process for making 2-NP, which is done by vapour phase nitration of propane.

Uses

Most 1-nitropropane is used as a starting material for other compounds. The other uses are solvent-based paints, solvent-based inks and adhesives, and as a solvent for chemical reactions.[5]

Safety

1-NP is toxic to humans and can cause damage to the kidneys and liver. The vapours are irritating for the lungs and eyes and the maximum exposure rate is 25 ppm.[6] It is not known to be a carcinogen.

Reactions

1-NP decomposes under the influence of heat into toxic gases. It also reacts violently with oxidizing agents and strong bases.[7]

References

  1. ↑ - MDMS sheets
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0459". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ↑ Reich, Hans. "Bordwell pKa table: "Nitroalkanes"". University of Wisconsin Chemistry Department. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 "1-Nitropropane". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  5. ↑ - information sheet
  6. ↑ - MDMS sheets
  7. ↑ - Dutch Wikipedia
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 1/18/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.