307th Infantry Regiment (United States)

307th Infantry Regiment

Regimental Distinctive Unit Insignia
Active 1917–1919
1921–1946
1946–present
Country  USA
Branch U.S. Army
Role Infantry
Size Regiment
Part of 174th Infantry Brigade
Garrison/HQ Fort Dix, New Jersey
Patron Saint Maurice[1]
Motto(s) CLEAR THE WAY
Anniversaries Constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army
Decorations Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
Presidential Unit Citation
Army Superior Unit Award
Army Superior Unit Award
Battle honours World War I
World War II

The 307th Infantry Regiment was a National Army unit first organized for service in World War I as part of the 77th Infantry Division in Europe. It later served in the Pacific Theater during World War II. Since then it has served as a training Regiment.

Organization [2]

The 1st Battalion is currently serving at Fort Dix, New Jersey under command of the 174th Infantry Brigade training Army Reserve and Army National Guard Soldiers for service in support of the Global War on Terror and specializes in training Infantry Soldiers.[3] The 2nd Battalion is stationed at Camp Atterbury, Indiana and concentrates on training Field Artillery units under the command of the 157th Infantry Brigade.

Service history

World War I

The Regiment was constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as the 307th Infantry and assigned to the 154th Infantry Brigade of the 77th Division. It was organized at Camp Upton, New York on 29 August 1917. The Regiment participated in the following campaigns: Oise-Aisne, Meuse-Argonne, Champagne, and Lorraine. Company K was a member of the "Lost Battalion".[4] The commander of Company K, Captain Nelson M. Holderman was awarded the Medal of Honor. After completing its war service in France, the Regiment sailed to New York City aboard the U.S.S. America. The Regiment demobilized at Camp Upton on 9 May 1919.[5][6][7][8]

Between the Wars

The Regiment was reconstituted in the Organized Reserves as the 307th Infantry on 24 June 1921 and reassigned to the 77th Division (later redesignated as the 77th Infantry Division) within the II Corps area. It was actually organized in August 1921 with the entire Regiment located in New York, New York. The 307th conducted summer training most years with the 16th and 18th Infantry Regiments at Camp Dix, New Jersey, or Fort Slocum, New York, and some years with the 26th Infantry Regiment at Plattsburg Barracks, New York. Also conducted infantry Citizens Military Training Camp (CMTC) training some years at Camp Dix and Plattsburg Barracks as an alternate form of summer training. The primary ROTC feeder schools were the College of the City of New York and New York University. The Regimental designated mobilization training station was Camp Dix.[5]

World War II

Ordered into active military service 25 March 1942 and reorganized at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. The Regiment participated in the January 1943 Louisiana Maneuvers. In July 1943, the Regiment was organized with 3,256 Officers and enlisted men:[9]

The Regiment departed San Francisco on 23 March 1944 and arrived in Hawaii on 1 April. The 307th first saw combat during the liberation of Guam in July, 1944. The 307th served in the liberation of the Philippines,[10] arriving on 23 November 1944. The 2nd Battalion was detached for duty on Samar from 30 November until 14 December. The Regiment assaulted Yakabi Shima on 26 March and Company G assaulted Kuba Shima on 27 March. The regiment fought on Okinawa from 27 April though 27 June.[11][11][12] Arrived in Japan for occupation duties on 5 October 1945 and inactivated there 15 March 1946.[13][14][15]

Post War Service

Activated 17 December 1946 in the Organized Reserves with Headquarters in the Bronx, New York. In May 1959 the Regiment was reorganized as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System to consist of the 1st Battle Group, an element of the 77th Infantry Division under the Pentomic division design.[16] After adoption of the ROAD program,[17] the Regiment was reorganized on 26 March 1963 to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions, subordinate elements of the 77th Infantry Division. The 1st and 2d Battalions were inactivated 30 December 1965 and relieved from assignment to the 77th Infantry Division.[18]

Under the 87th Training Division

The 307th Infantry was withdrawn 17 October 1999 from the Combat Arms Regimental System, redesignated as the 307th Regiment, and reorganized to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 87th Division (Training Support).[19] The 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions were concurrently allotted to the Regular Army.

Realignment to the 174th Infantry Brigade

On 15 December 2009 all three Battalions were relieved from assignment to the 87th Division (Training Support). 1st Battalion was then assigned to the 174th Infantry Brigade and is currently stationed at Fort Dix, New Jersey.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]

Campaign streamers[34][35][36][37]

Conflict Streamer Year(s)
World War I
Oise-Aisne 1917
Meuse-Argonne 1917
Champagne 1918
Lorraine 1918
World War II

Western Pacific
Leyte (with Arrowhead) 1944
Ryukyus(with Arrowhead) 1945

Decorations[38]

Ribbon Award Year Inscription Notes
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation 1944-1945 17 October 1944 to 4 July 1945
Presidential Unit Citation 1944-1945 Okinawa 1st Battalion only
Army Superior Unit Award 2006-2007 General Order 2014-04[39] 1st Battalion only
Army Superior Unit Award 2008-2011 Permanent Orders 332-07[40] 1st & 2nd Battalions

Shoulder sleeve insignia[41]

* Description: On a background equally divided horizontally white and red, 3¼ inches high and 2½ inches wide at base and 2⅛ inches wide at top, a black block letter "A", 2¾ inches high, 2 inches wide at base and 1⅝ inches wide at top, all members 7/16 inch wide, all enclosed within a 1/8 inch Army Green border.

  1. The red and white of the background are the colors used in flags for Armies.
  2. The letter "A" represents "Army" and is also the first letter of the alphabet suggesting "First Army."
  1. A black letter "A" was approved as the authorized insignia by the Commanding General, American Expedition Force, on 16 November 1918 and approved by the War Department on 5 May 1922.
  2. The background was added on 17 November 1950.

Distinctive Unit Insignia[42]

* Description/Blazon: Azure, a mailed dexter hand grasping an oak branch fructed Or debruised by a bend wavy Argent charged with a broken chain Sable, on a chief of the last a portcullis of the third.

References

  1. ↑ Awards of the Infantry Association
  2. ↑ Infantry organization and History
  3. ↑ 1st Battalion official homepage
  4. ↑ "The Brigade: A History, Its Organization and Employment in the US Army, p40"
  5. 1 2 US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941 p454
  6. ↑ Postcard from a Soldier of 1st Battalion during World War I
  7. ↑ Order of battle for the 77th Infantry Division in World War I
  8. ↑ 77th Division Order of Battle in World War I
  9. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p183
  10. ↑ The 307th on Leyte
  11. 1 2 Battle of Okinawa
  12. ↑ Soldiers of the US 307th Regiment, 77th Division advance towards the war front in Okinawa, Japan during World War II.
  13. ↑ Order of Battle for 77th ID in WW2
  14. ↑ Additional footage
  15. ↑ Stanton, Shelby L. (1984). World War II Order of Battle. New York, New York: Galahad Books.
  16. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p270
  17. ↑ Wilson, John B. (1997). Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. Washington, DC: Center of Military History.
  18. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p329
  19. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p424
  20. ↑ Patriots on Point! article
  21. ↑ Granite State Soldiers prepare for Iraq
  22. ↑ Save time, money, train virtually
  23. ↑ Expert Field Medical Badge: 112 step up for challenge, 21 earn coveted badge
  24. ↑ Motorcycle safety saves lives in all seasons
  25. ↑ Soldiers train at Air Advisor Academy
  26. ↑ Patriot brigade pays respects to MLK
  27. ↑ Cultural Awareness Training is reality for trainer/mentors
  28. ↑ Women helping women
  29. ↑ Law Enforcement Training
  30. ↑ Guardsmen train for OEF mission
  31. ↑ 174th Inf. Bde. Soldiers ace Army Basic Instructor Course
  32. ↑ 174th Infantry Brigade returns from Eager Light 2011
  33. ↑ 307th Inf. Reg. builds on foundation
  34. ↑ U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH). "Listing of the Campaigns of the U.S. Army Displayed on the Army Flag | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)". history.army.mil. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  35. ↑ War Department General Order #24 Listing Campaigns
  36. ↑ WW 1 Campaign descriptions
  37. ↑ WW2 Campaign descriptions
  38. ↑ 307th Regimental lineage and honors certificate
  39. ↑ General Order 2014-04
  40. ↑ Permanent Order 332-07
  41. ↑ First Army insignia page at the Institute of Heraldry
  42. ↑ Regimental DUI

External links

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