ACM Computing Classification System

The ACM Computing Classification System (CCS) is a subject classification system for computing devised by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The system is comparable to the Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) in scope, aims, and structure, being used by the various ACM journals to organise subjects by area.

History

The system has gone through seven revisions, the first version being published in 1964, and revised versions appearing in 1982, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1998, and the now current version in 2012.

Structure

The ACM Computing Classification System, version 2012, has a revolutionary change in some areas, for example, in "Software" that now is called "Software and its engineering" which has three main subjects:

Software organization and properties. This subject addresses properties of the software itself.
Software notations and tools. This subject covers programming languages and other tools for writing programs.
Software creation and management. This subject covers human activities including software management.

It is hierarchically structured in four levels. Thus, for example, one branch of the hierarchy contains:

Computing methodologies

Artificial intelligence

Knowledge representation and reasoning

Ontology engineering

ACM Computing Classification System

The 2012 version of the ACM classification has the following main categories.

General and reference	Document types • Cross-computing tools and techniques

Hardware	Printed circuit boards • Communication hardware, interfaces and storage • Integrated circuits • Very large scale integration design • Power and energy • Electronic design automation • Hardware validation • Hardware test • Robustness • Emerging technologies

Computer systems organization	Architectures • Embedded and cyber-physical systems • Real-time systems • Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks

Networks	Network architectures • Network protocols • Network components • Network algorithms • Network performance evaluation • Network properties • Network services • Network types

Software and its engineering	Software organization and properties • Software notations and tools • Software creation and management

Theory of computation	Models of computation • Formal languages and automata theory • Computational complexity and cryptography • Logic • Design and analysis of algorithms • Randomness, geometry and discrete structures • Theory and algorithms for application domains • Semantics and reasoning

Mathematics of computing	Discrete mathematics • Probability and statistics • Mathematical software • Information theory • Mathematical analysis • Continuous mathematics

Information systems	Data management systems • Information storage systems • Information systems applications • World Wide Web • Information retrieval

Security and privacy	Cryptography • Formal methods and theory of security • Security services • Intrusion/anomaly detection and malware mitigation • Security in hardware • Systems security • Network security • Database and storage security • Software and application security • Human and societal aspects of security and privacy

Human-centered computing	Human–computer interaction • Interaction design • Collaborative and social computing • Ubiquitous and mobile computing • Visualization • Accessibility

Computing methodologies	Symbolic and algebraic manipulation • Parallel computing methodologies • Artificial intelligence • Machine learning • Modeling and simulation • Computer graphics • Distributed computing methodologies • Concurrent computing methodologies

Applied computing	Electronic commerce • Enterprise computing • Physical sciences and engineering • Life and medical sciences • Law, social and behavioral sciences • Computer forensics • Arts and humanities • Computers in other domains • Operations research • Education • Document management and text processing

Social and professional topics	Professional topics • Computing/technology policy • User characteristics

Proper nouns: people, technologies and companies	Companies • Organizations • People in computing • Technologies

References

Coulter, Neal (1997), "ACM's computing classification system reflects changing times", Communications of the ACM, New York, NY, USA: ACM, 40 (12): 111–112, doi:10.1145/265563.265579 .
Coulter, Neal (chair); French, James; Glinert, Ephraim; Horton, Thomas; Mead, Nancy; Ralston, Anthony; Rada, Roy; Rodkin, Craig; Rous, Bernard; Tucker, Allen; Wegner, Peter; Weiss, Eric; Wierzbicki, Carol (January 21, 1998), "Computing Classification System 1998: Current Status and Future Maintenance Report of the CCS Update Committee" (PDF), Computing Reviews, New York, NY, USA: ACM: 1–5 .
Mirkin, Boris; Nascimento, Susana; Pereira, Luis Moniz (2008), "Representing a Computer Science Research Organization on the ACM Computing Classification System", in Eklund, Peter; Haemmerlé, Ollivier, Supplementary Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS-2008) (PDF), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 354, RWTH Aachen University, pp. 57–65 .

External links

ACM Computing Classification System is the homepage of the system, including links to four complete versions of the system, for 1964 , 1991 , 1998 , and the current 2012 version .
The ACM Computing Research Repository uses a classification scheme that is much coarser than the ACM subject classification, and does not cover all areas of CS, but is intended to better cover active areas of research. In addition, papers in this repository are classified according to the ACM subject classification.

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ACM Computing Classification System

History

Structure

See also

References

External links