AEG

For other uses, see AEG (disambiguation).
AEG Aktiengesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft
Industry Electrical industry
Founded 1883 in Berlin as Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität
Founder Emil Rathenau
Defunct 2 October 1996, brand rights acquired by Electrolux
Headquarters Berlin, later Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Ernst Stöckl (1996)
Products Electrical power generation and transmission
Telecommunication (Phones and Mobile Phones)
Automation
Transportation and Automotive
Home appliances
Personal Care
Machine Tools
Projectors
Printing equipment and Supplies
Revenue Decrease DM 12.5 billion (1995)
Owner Daimler-Benz AG (1985-1996)
Number of employees
 11,000 (1995)
Website aeg.com
Founder Emil Rathenau.

Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG[1] (AEG) (German: "General electricity company") was a German producer of electrical equipment founded as the Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in 1883 in Berlin by Emil Rathenau. After World War II its headquarters moved to Frankfurt am Main.

In 1967 AEG joined with its subsidiary Telefunken AG creating Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AEG-Telefunken. In 1985 Daimler-Benz purchased the AEG-Telefunken Aktiengesellschaft, which was renamed to AEG Aktiengesellschaft and wholly integrated the company in 1996 into Daimler-Benz AG (1998:DaimlerChrysler). The remains of AEG became part of Adtranz and Deutsche Aerospace (1998: DASA, today EADS).

After acquiring the AEG household subsidiary AEG Hausgeräte GmbH in 1994, in 2005 Electrolux obtained the rights to the brand name AEG, which it now uses on some of its products. The AEG name is also licensed to various brand partners under the Electrolux Global Brand Licensing programme.

History

Summary

In 1883 Emil Rathenau founded Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in Berlin, which became Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft in 1887. Initially producing electrical equipment (such as light bulbs, motors and generators), the company soon became involved in AC electric transmission systems. In 1907 Peter Behrens was appointed as artistic consultant to AEG. This led to the creation of the company's initial corporate identity, with products and advertising sharing common design features.[2]

The company expanded in the first half of the 20th century, and is credited with a number of firsts and inventions in electrical engineering. During the same period it entered the automobile and airplane markets. Electrical equipment for railways was produced during this time, beginning a long history of supplying the German railways with electrical equipment.

After WWII, the company lost its businesses in the eastern part of Germany. After a merger in 1967 the company was renamed Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AEG-Telefunken (from 1979 on only AEG-Telefunken). The company experienced financial difficulties during the 1970s, resulting in the sale of some assets. In 1983 the consumer electronics division Telefunken Fernseh und Rundfunk GmbH was sold. In 1985 the company re-took the name AEG and the remainder of the company was acquired by Daimler-Benz; the parts that remained were primarily related to electric power distribution and electric motor technology. Under Daimler-Benz ownership, the former AEG companies eventually become part of the newly named Adtranz in 1995 and the AEG name was no longer used. Electrolux, which had already acquired the household subsidiary AEG Hausgeräte GmbH of AEG in 1994, now own the rights to use and license the brand.

Foundation to 1940

Artificial electrically powered water fall at the International Electro-Technical Exhibition – 1891.

The company originated in 1882, when Emil Rathenau acquired licences to use some of Thomas Edison's lamp patents in Germany.[chron 1] The Deutsche Edison Gesellschaft ("German Edison Company") was founded in 1883 with the financial backing of banks and private individuals, with Emil Rathenau as company director.[chron 2]

AEG power station built in 1930. Krivoy Rog city.

In 1884, Munich-born engineer Oskar von Miller (who later founded Deutsches Museum) joined the executive board. The same year, the company entered negotiations with the Berlin Magistrat (the municipal body) to supply a large area from a central supply, which resulted in the formation of the Städtischen Elektricitätswerke (A.G.StEW)[3] ("City electricity works company (Berlin)") on 8 May 1884.[chron 3]

The original factory was located near Stettiner Bahnhof. In 1887 the Company acquired land in the Berlin-Gesundbrunnen area on which the Weddingsche Maschinenfabrik (founded by Wilhelm Wedding) was previously located. In the same year, in addition to a restructuring and expansion of the production range, the AEG name was adopted.[chron 4]

In 1887 Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrowolsky joined the company as chief engineer, later becoming vice-director. His work on polyphase electric power led him to become the world's leading engineer in three-phase electric power systems at the end of the 1880s.[chron 5]

In 1891 Miller and Dobrovolski demonstrated the transmission of electrical power over a distance of 175 km (109 mi) from a hydro electric power plant in Lauffen am Neckar to Frankfurt, where it lit 1000 light bulbs and drove an artificial waterfall at the International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Frankfurt am Main. This success marked one of beginnings of the general use of alternating current for electrification in Germany, and showed that distance transmission of electric power could be economically useful. In the same year the Stadtbahn Halle/Saale (City railway Halle–Saale) opened, the first electric tram system (of notable size) in Germany[chron 6]

Tropp Paul began his work for the AEG 1889/90 until 1893, and Franz Schwechten designed the facades of the Acker- und Hussitenstraße in 1894–95.

In 1894 the site of the former Berlin Viehmarktgasse (cattle market) was purchased. This had a railroad siding connecting to the Berlin rail network, but there was no rail connection between the two plants. In 1895 an underground railway link between the two plots was built in a tunnel 270 meters long. The tunnel was built by Siemens & Halske (S & H) (later to become Siemens) under the direction of C. Schwebel and Wilhelm Lauter, and is now the Spree tunnel Stralau, used by public transport.

In 1903 the competing radio companies AEG and Siemens & Halske merged, forming a joint subsidiary named Telefunken.[chron 7]

In 1907 architect Peter Behrens became an artistic adviser.[chron 8] Responsible for the design of all products, advertising and architecture, he has since become considered as the world's first corporate designer. Behren's philosophy was to create a building which is solid, strong and simple in its structure. It is perfect for doing its job of producing large, heavy machinery. The dimensions of the building were chosen to allow turbines to be transported above other machinery.

In the 1920s AEG became a global supplier of electrical know-how and equipment. In 1923, for example, it provided most of the essential materials and a team of engineers to oversee the electrification of British-ruled Palestine. British firms, at the time, could not compete with the prices of AEG [4]

AEG turbine factory (1909, architect Peter Behrens)

The activity of the company soon extended to all areas of electrical power engineering, including electric lighting, electric power, electric railways, electro-chemical plants, as well as the construction of steam turbines, automobiles, cables and cable materials. In the first decades, the company had many factories in and around Berlin:

A number of other notable events involving AEG occurred in this period:

On 20 June 1915 founder Emil Rathenau died at age 77.[chron 13]

The Nazi era and World War II

Berlin memorial plaque for Polish forced labourers at AEG in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen, Germany.

AEG donated 60,000 Reichsmarks to the Nazi party after the Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933 at which the twin goals of complete power and national rearmament were explained by Hitler.[5][6]

During World War II, an AEG factory near Riga used female slave labour.[7] AEG were also contracted for the production of electrical equipment at Auschwitz concentration camp.[8]

AEG used slave labour from Camp No. 36 at the new sub-camp of Auschwitz III called "Arbeitslager Blechhammer". Most of these would die in 1945 during the death marches and finally in Buchenwald.[9]

AEG was a major supplier of grips found on World War 2 P38 pistols manufactured by Walther Arms, Mauser, as well as on the early wartime Spreewerk P38s.[10]

1945 to 1970

In 1945, after the Second World War, the production in the factories in the western sectors of Berlin what today is the building of the headquarters of DW (TV)Deutsche Welle and Nuremberg, Stuttgart and Mulheim an der Ruhr resumed and further new works were erected, among others an Electric meter plant in Hameln.

The steam and electric locomotive plant in Hennigsdorf (Fabriken Hennigsdorf) became a Volkseigener Betrieb (VEB) (people owned enterprise) as the Lokomotivbau Elektrotechnische Werke (LEW) ("electric locomotive works"). The cable plant (Draht-, Kabel- und Metallwerk Oberspree) and apparatus factory (Apparatefabrik Treptow) and other facilities also lay in East Germany and became Sowjetische Aktiengesellschaft (SAG) (Soviet joint stock companies). Over 90% of assets in Berlin lay in the Russian occupied zone and were lost.[11]

The headquarters for the non-expropriated parts of the company was moved first to Hamburg and then finally to Frankfurt am Main, the headquarters in Berlin having been destroyed.[11]

1970s onwards

AEG electric motor builders plate.

In 1970, AEG-Telefunken had 178,000 employees worldwide, and was the 12th largest electrical company in the world. The company was burdened by, among other things, unsuccessful projects such as an automated baggage conveyor system at Frankfurt Airport and nuclear powerplant construction. In particular, the nuclear power plant at Würgassen, the commissioning of which was delayed by several years due to technical problems cost AEG hundreds of millions of DM. As a result, the company paid its last dividend in 1972.

The entertainment arm (Telefunken Fernseh und Rundfunk GmbH) headquartered in Hanover was sold. This was followed by the computer mainframe business (TR 4, TR 10, TR 440) (a partnership under the name Telefunken Computer GmbH with the company Nixdorf) was sold to Siemens. The process computer (TR 84, TR 86, AEG 60-10, AEG 80-20, AEG 80-60) continued as Geschäftsbereich Automatisierungstechnik (after 1980 as ATM Computer GmbH).

In 1975 the former Telefunken Headquarter at Berlin-Charlottenburg, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7 was sold. The building had been previously rented to the Technical University of Berlin

In 1976, to circumvent the requirement of equal participation of employees in the Supervisory Board, Dr. Walter Cipa (Dipl.-Geol.) (AEG boss from 1976 to 1980) created four further companies as wholly owned joint stock companies in addition to the two household appliance companies. (The numbers in parentheses refer to percentage of turnover in 1980)

AEG-Telefunken Anlagentechnik AG (37 %)
AEG-Telefunken Serienprodukte AG (16 %)
AEG-Telefunken Kommunikationstechnik AG (6 %)
Olympia Werke AG (business office technology, 7%)
AEG-Hausgeräte GmbH (22 %)
Telefunken Fernseh und Rundfunk GmbH (12%)

In 1979 Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AEG-Telefunken was renamed AEG-Telefunken AG by dropping the supplement "Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft", used since 1887. For reasons of European Union, the corporate form AG (Aktiengesellschaft) had to be added. In February 1980, Heinz Dürr became board Chairman (until 1990).

In August 1982 a restructuring plan, backed with federal guarantees of 600 million DM and new bank loans of 275 million DM, fell apart at the first disagreement between the banks. A banking consortium provided an administrative loan of DM 1.1 billion to the AEG Group until June 1983; 400 million of which only to be available on a guarantee by the federal government. Not only was AEG-Telefunken AG affected, but also its subsidiaries Küppersbusch AG in Gelsenkirchen, Hermann Zanker Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG in Tübingen and Carl Neff GmbH in Bretten. The Alno-Möbelwerke GmbH & Co. KG in Pfullendorf was taken over by the minority shareholders, and separated from the group.

The suppliers to AEG were affected and some filed for bankruptcy—including Becher & Co. Möbelfabriken KG in Bühlertann—with lack of continuity of company policy a factor. The site at Brunnenstraße in the former Berlin district of Wedding was also sold, as were the firms AEG-Fabrik Essen and Bauknecht.

Products

Locomotives and railway technology

AEG electric locomotive.

AEG played an important role in the history of the German railways; the company was involved on the development and manufacture of the electrical parts of almost all German electric locomotive series and contributed to the introduction of electrical power in German railways.

Additionally many steam locomotives were made in AEG factories. In 1931 the company acquired Borsig and transferred the locomotive production to the AEG-Borsig works (Borsig Lokomotiv-Werke GmbH) from the Borsig plant in Tegel. In 1948 the plant became VEB Lokomotivbau Elektrotechnische Werke. In addition to numerous electric locomotives produced for the DR steam locomotive production continued until 1954.

When the Federal Republic of Germany began implementing AC propulsion systems AEG found itself in competition with Brown, Boveri & Cie. The prototype DB Class E320 was built with Krupp as dual voltage (15 kV and 25 kV AC) test machine, the technology ultimately leading to locomotives such as DB Class 120 and ICE 1.

Only after German reunification and the adoption of the LEW plant in Hennigsdorf did AEG's name return to whole locomotive manufacturing, but only for a short time. "AEG locomotives GmbH " became part of ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation (later ADtranz) and currently the technology developed in the past, in part, now enables Bombardier Transportation to build the very successful TRAXX series of locomotives.

AEG also built the Hellenic Railways Class 520 DMUs between 1989 and 1995.

Aircraft

AEG G.IV bomber (World War I).

AEG manufactured a range of aircraft from 1912 to 1918. The first aircraft in 1912 was of wooden construction and modelled after the biplane of the Wright brothers. It had a wingspan of 17.5 m (57 ft); was powered by an eight-cylinder engine producing 75 hp; unloaded weight was 850 kg; and could attain a speed of 65 km/h (40 mph). From 1912, the construction of airplanes in mixed wood and steel tube construction with fabric covering.

One of the planes designed and built was Riesenflugzeug ("giant aircraft") AEG R.I. This aircraft was powered by four 260 hp (190 kW) Mercedes D.IVa engines linked to a combination leather cone and dog clutch. The first flight tests were satisfactory, but on September 3, 1918 the R.I broke up in the air killing its seven crewmen.

The most successful in terms of production figures of all the AEG aircraft designs was that of the G.IV Grossflugzeuge ("large aircraft") heavy tactical bomber, of which one still survives of the 320 built, as the sole surviving World War One German multi-engine bomber.

During the Second World War AEG produced machines for reconnaissance purposes, including a helicopter platform driven by an AC motor. This was a tethered craft that could not fly freely; the power supply was carried by three cables from the ground. The machine reached an altitude of 300 m.

Cars

AEG bought Kühlstein in 1902, founding the division Neue Automobil Gesellschaft (New Automobile Company), to make cars. AEG withdrew from car production in 1908.[12]

Models produced include:

Film projectors

AEG also produced for a long period a series of film projectors:[14]

Leadership

Name From To
Emil Rathenau 1887 1915
Felix Deutsch 1915 1928
Hermann Bücher 1928 January 1946
Walther Bernhard January 1946 May 1947
Friedrich Spennrath May 1947 December 1955
Hans C. Boden January 1956 February 1961
Hugo Bäurle
(1912–1962) 		March 1961 January 1962
Hans C. Boden February 1962 September 1962
Hans Heyne October 1962 December 1964
Berthold Gamer
(1914–1966) 		January 1965 December 1965
Hans Bühler
(1903–1997) 		January 1966 June 1970
Hans Groebe
(*1916) 		June 1970 July 1976
Walter Cipa
(*1928) 		July 1976 January 1980
Heinz Dürr February 1980 December 1990
Ernst Georg Stöckl January 1991 September 1996

The AEG brand today

As a result of the breakup and dissolution of the original company, Electrolux acquired the brand rights in 2005 and the name is also licensed to various companies:[15] Currently the brand is being actively promoted by Electrolux; it includes many of the same products that it formerly manufactured, such as power solutions energy devices, telecommunication devices (phones and mobile phones), automation, car accessories, home appliances, power tools, projectors, printing equipment and supplies, water treatment devices, and personal care devices under the AEG brand.[16]

In 2012 Binatone Electronics International became the European Licensee of AEG for mobile phones, landline phones and two way radio; in effect manufacturing these products under the AEG brand name.

References

Notes
  1. ↑ AEG-Teilschuldverschreibung Bond (finance) from 1962
  2. ↑ The Father of Industrial Design aeg.com Archived March 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ↑ After 1887 called the Berliner Elektricitäts-Werke (BEW)
  4. ↑ Ronen Shamir (2013) Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford: Stanford University Press
  5. ↑ The Mazal Library: NMT, Volume VII, pp. 567 Archived February 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. (Document NI-391 pages 565–568), The Farben Case Archived June 1, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ The Mazal Library: NMT, Volume VII, pp. 557 Archived February 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. (Document D-203 pages 557–562), The Farben Case Archived June 1, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ From generation to generation — My great grandmother Personal testament of holocaust survivor. theverylongview.com
  8. ↑ Holocaust survivors – encyclopedia: Auschwitz holocaustsurvivors.org
  9. ↑ "Slave Labor in the Auschwitz Region. Blechhammer: Sub-camp of Auschwitz III – Monowitz". www.jewishgen.org.
  10. ↑ "P.38 Grips". Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  11. 1 2 Firmengeschichte der AEG 1941/50 History of AEG 1941–1950 (more details of post war losses and problems) gerflaig.de
  12. ↑ David Burgess Wise, "NAG", in Tom Northey, ed., World of Automobiles (London: Orbis Publishing Ltd., 1974), Volume 13, pp.1479–80.
  13. ↑ Neeubauer,Hans-Otto. "A.A.G.", in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885–1968 (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), p.23.
  14. ↑ Kurt Enz:100 years German film projectors.Manuscript printing, Berlin 1996, p. 14 ff
  15. ↑ AEG Licensee Products aeg.com
  16. ↑ "AEG - AG Products".
  17. ↑ ITM Technology AG : About us aeg-itm.de
  18. ↑ Willkommen auf der Corporate Website der ITM Technology AG itm-technology.de
  19. ↑ AEG Elektrowerkzeuge aeg-pt.com
  20. ↑ AEG Haustechnik aeg-haustechnik.de
  21. ↑ AEG Industrial engineering aeg-ibo.com
  22. ↑ AEG SVS Schweiss-Technik aeg-svs-schweisstechnik.de
  23. ↑ AEG-MIS aegmis.de
  24. ↑ AEG ID aegid.de
  25. ↑ AEG Power Solutions aegps.com
  26. ↑ AEG Professional Printing Equipment and Supplies aeg-professional-printers.co.uk
  1. ↑ Timeline 1882
  2. ↑ Timeline 1883
  3. ↑ Timeline 1884
  4. ↑ Timeline 1885–1887
  5. ↑ Timeline 1888–1889
  6. ↑ Timeline 1890–1891
  7. 1 2 Timeline 1903
  8. ↑ Timeline 1904–1907
  9. ↑ Timeline 1900–1901
  10. ↑ Timeline 1910–1911
  11. ↑ Timeline 1926–1930
  12. ↑ Timeline 1931–1935
  13. ↑ Timeline 1915–1916
Bibliography

Further reading

External links

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