Aiquin

Aiquin (also spelled Aquin or Acquin),[lower-alpha 1] subtitled La conqueste de la Bretaigne par le roy Charlemaigne[lower-alpha 2] ("The Conquest of Britain by King Charlemagne"), is a medieval Old French chanson de geste (heroic narrative) about the rivalry between a Saracen king, Aiquin, and the Christian emperor Charlemagne. The French medievalist Joseph Bédier called it a "consolidation of history and legend in an imposing ensemble."[1] It survives in one fifteenth-century manuscript, BnF fr. 2233, now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It is usually attributed to Garin Trosseboeuf,[lower-alpha 3] possibly a cleric of Dol, and was probably written in the late twelfth century. It is the oldest extant French text from Brittany.[2]

The setting of the chanson is almost certainly corresponds to the period 919–37 in Breton history, when the Normans (Vikings newly settled in northern France) persistently raided Brittany.[1][2] It conflates Saracens (Sarrasin) and Arabs (Arabis) with Normans (Norois), and places Aiquin's origins in the north country (Nort pais).[1] It also turns Roland, the Frankish hero of the earlier Chanson de Roland, into a native Breton.[2]

Inspired by Aiquin, the family of the famous French soldier Bertrand du Guesclin (died 1380) claimed to descend from the Saracen king.[3]

Editions

  • Jacques, F., ed. (1977). Aiquin, ou la conquête de la Bretagne par le roi Charlemagne. Aix-en-Provence: Publications du Centre Universitaire d'Etudes et de Recherches Medievales d'Aix. 
  • Joüon des Langrais, Frédéric, ed. (1880). Le roman d'Aquin, ou La conqueste de la Bretaigne par le roy Charlemaigne: chanson de geste du XIIe siècle. Nantes: Société des Bibliophiles Bretons. 
  • Lenoir, Nicolas, ed. (2009). Étude sur la Chanson d'Aiquin, ou La Conquête de la Bretagne par le roi Charlemagne. Nouvelle Bibliothèque du Moyen Âge. Paris: Honoré Champion. 
  • Lozac'hmeur, Jean-Claude; Ovazza, Maud, eds. (1985). La Chanson d'Aiquin: texte traduit, présenté et annoté. Jean Picollec. 

Sources

  • Ailes, Marianne (2012). "Review of Nicolas Lenoir, Etude sur la Chanson d'Aiquin, ou La Conquete de la Bretagne par le roi Charlemagne". Medium Aevum. 81 (2): 157–58. 
  • Bédier, Joseph (1926). "La conquête de la Bretagne par le roi Charlemagne". Les légendes épiques, recherches sur la formation des chansons de geste. 2. Paris. pp. 99–142. 
  • Hanak, M. J. (1971). "Torleus and Dapamorz: Two Examples of Ethnic Amalgamation in the Song of Roland". Romanische Forschungen. 83 (4): 405–22. 
  • Jones, Michael, ed. (2004). Letters, Orders and Musters of Bertrand Du Guesclin (1357–1380). Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 

Notes

  1. ↑ It is sometimes given the full title Roman d'Aquin ("Romance of Aiquin") or Chanson d'Aiquin ("Song of Aiquin").
  2. ↑ La Conquête de la Bretagne par le roi Charlemagne in modern French.
  3. ↑ His name may also be spelled Troussebeuf or Trousseboeuf.
  1. 1 2 3 Hanak 1971, p. 408.
  2. 1 2 3 Ailes 2012, p. 157.
  3. ↑ Jones 2004, p. xviii, n. 19, citing Marius Canard (1929), "L'origine sarrazine de Bertrand du Guesclin", Revue Africaine (Algiers), pp. 1–26
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