Ali Malkawi
![](../I/m/Ali_Malkawi.jpg)
Ali M. Malkawi is the Director of the Harvard Center for Green Buildings and Cities and a Professor of Architectural Technology at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design in Cambridge, MA.[1][2][3] He studied Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design in the 1980s, and since then he has taught at several universities and worked as a consultant on a variety of projects worldwide. He has provided presentations and strategic guidance on building energy related topics to several countries including senior members of the Obama Administration and the Vice President of the United States of America.[4]
Academic background
Malkawi received his Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design from Jordan University of Science and Technology in 1989, his Master of Architecture from University of Colorado at Denver in 1990 and his Ph.D. in Architecture Technology/Artificial Intelligence from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1994.[4] From 1994–1995, he had the Oberdick Fellowship at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.[5]
Academic work
Malkawi was an Instructor at the Georgia Institute of Technology from 1992-1994. From 1994-2001, he worked at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor as an Assistant Professor of Architecture. From 2000 to 2001, he worked at Harvard University as a visiting professor. Since 2001, Malkawi has been on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania and is a full professor of Architecture. He was the Chair of the Graduate Group in Architecture from 2011 to 2013.[4][6][7][8]
Malkawi is author and/or co‐author of several scientific papers.[9][10][11] He is associate editor of two books on the subject of simulation and computationally‐driven design: "Advanced Building Simulation" and "Performative Architecture ‐ Beyond Instrumentality".[12][13] Additionally, Malkawi is an Associate Editor for Building Simulation, an International Journal published by Springer.[14][15] In 2011, Thomson Reuters announced that the journal would be listed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E).[16][17][18]
Research work
Malkawi’s research focuses on computational simulation, building performance evaluation and advanced visualization.[4] He has been called "an expert in using building simulation, engineering, computation, artificial intelligence and virtual reality as a tool for sustainable design."[19][20]
Research entities established
Building Simulation Group
In 2001, Malkawi founded the Building Simulation Group (BSG) at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design. Doctoral and graduate students conduct collaborative research through the BSG. The BSG formed the basis for the development of the T.C. Chan Center for Building Simulation and Energy Studies. "The goal of the group is to develop, investigate, and utilize in practice computational models and techniques for building simulation. The BSG addresses broad research issues including inference mechanisms; simulations of airflow, thermal, and lighting systems; process-driven interoperability tools; decision support systems; and interface development such as Augmented Reality (AR)."[21][22][23][24][25]
The University of Pennsylvania was named to a Top Ten Architecture Colleges list, with distinction given to the Building Simulation Group.[26]
T.C. Chan Center for Building Simulation and Energy Studies
In 2006, Malkawi founded the T.C. Chan Center for Building Simulation and Energy Studies, a center with global outreach devoted to sustainability.[27] Through the T.C. Chan Center, Malkawi leads several research projects including work for the University of Pennsylvania - Facilities and Real Estate Division, the Qatar Sustainability Assessment System, and the Global Sustainability Assessment System, and has been awarded grants from organizations such as the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy.
Design Analysis Initiative
Malkawi worked on research as part of the Design Analysis Initiative, which was a joint project between Georgia Institute of Technology, Carnegie-Mellon University and University of Pennsylvania. This project was a US Department of Energy funded project aimed at a new generation of interfaces between building design and analysis. The research focused on the development of new energy simulation paradigms that take advantage of a process-driven approach to be adapted by the building industry. It marked a new area in the development of innovative solutions for the integration of building performance analysis tools into the building design process.[28][29][30]
Immersive Building Simulation
Malkawi has pioneered immersive building simulation through Augmented Reality projects. The goal of this work is to construct innovative interfaces to simulation engines and to be able to visualize performance data as buildings begin to embody more sensors.[31] This work was featured in 2004 in Research at Penn, a university publication that highlights "ground breaking advances in knowledge".[32]
Supporting Performance-Driven Design
Malkawi has researched decision support and optimization through performance-driven design research. This work focused on developing methods to allow the user to explore and visualize the design evolution based on rigorous performance targets to stimulate the designer’s creativity and raise output.[33] The methods developed were utilized to demonstrate the correlation among site specific micro-climate conditions, energy efficiency and building morphology.[34]
Human Modeling and Thermal Simulation
Malkawi has collaborated on research focusing on human behavior and thermal simulation with the Center for Human Modeling and Simulation (HMS).[22] This research work included pedestrian and agent simulation.[35] The intention has been to research ways of coupling human behavior with thermal simulations to lower the uncertainty embedded in thermal models and enhance their predictive accuracy.[36]
University of Pennsylvania - Facilities and Real Estate Division Research
Malkawi initiated several collaborative research projects at the University of Pennsylvania that formed the base for the university’s current energy plan and sustainability initiatives.[37] Projects focused on developing the overall campus sustainability goals and environmental audit strategies for campus buildings and procedures; conducting a comprehensive energy audit for selected buildings; producing calibrated performance simulation models for these buildings; and identify strategies for achieving campus sustainability goals.[38] Malkawi also conducted a comprehensive inventory of Penn's greenhouse gas emissions. The outcomes of this study formed the basis for the school’s Climate Action Plan.[39]
Another project developed a normative computational model (decision-making tool) as a cost-effective alternative to managing building energy for a large portfolio of buildings on the university's campus. Malkawi presented this tool to the Vice President of the United States of America and several cabinet members at the USA Green Jobs and Future Building Energy Plans meeting held at the University of Pennsylvania in 2009.[40][41][42]
In addition, Malkawi assembled a team to conduct a study on campus energy demand and consumption, to investigate the possibilities of lowering the energy consumption of buildings on campus through mechanical systems control strategies. This work led to a campus-wide plan to reduce energy consumption based on systems operation. The result of this work was a complete audit of almost twenty buildings, which resulted in a verified yearly savings of several million dollars and guided the university plan on energy reduction and commissioning.[43][44][45][46]
Risk Conscious Design and Retrofit of Buildings for Low Energy
Malkawi was awarded a grant, with the Georgia Institute of Technology as the lead organization, from the National Science Foundation for an EFRI-SEED project. The objective of this project, Risk Conscious Design and Retrofit of Buildings for Low Energy, is to identify and quantify uncertainty distributions of parameters affecting building performance.[47][48]
Energy Efficient Buildings Hub
Malkawi was part of the proposed effort led by Pennsylvania State University for the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub (EEB HUB). This five-year initiative is designed to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in the US. Appropriated by Congress and funded by the US Department of Energy, this $122 million grant funds core research and development. An additional $30 million was contributed to this award by the Governor of Pennsylvania.[49][50][51][52] Malkawi has partly managed the University of Pennsylvania’s research portion of the Hub through work that has intended to build a macro level simulation framework that can aid in decision-making by using projections of possible market adaptation of energy efficient building technologies and their large-scale impacts.[53]
Qatar Sustainability Assessment System
Country Scale Impact
Malkawi is the Principal Project Developer of the five-year research effort to develop the Qatar Sustainability Assessment System (QSAS). QSAS is a green building certification system developed for the State of Qatar. QSAS was developed by the T.C. Chan Center for Building Simulation and Energy Studies at the University of Pennsylvania in collaboration with and on behalf of the Gulf Organization for Research and Development (GORD).[54][55][56]
Malkawi presented QSAS Sports at the 9th World Conference on Sports and the Environment in Doha, Qatar.[57] This led to the adaption of the system by the Olympic Committee to apply to all sports facilities including the 2022 World Cup facilities to be constructed in Qatar.[58][59][60] In December 2010, QSAS was adopted into the curriculum of the environmental design faculty at King Fahd University and Qatar University.[61] In March, 2011 the State of Qatar integrated QSAS into the Qatar Construction Specifications (QCS) making the implementation of certain criteria mandatory for buildings developed in Qatar.[62] Additionally, Malkawi has conducted numerous workshops in Qatar and provided certification for hundreds of consultants who represent a variety of worldwide firms.[63][64][65]
Global Sustainability Assessment System
Malkawi is the Principal Project Developer of the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS). GSAS is a green building rating system that can assess all types of development ranging from urban planning to individual buildings.[66]
Professional Work
Malkawi has been leading projects and various efforts in sustainability framework developments and has been involved with energy policies worldwide including in the Middle East region.[67] Specifically, he was a strategic advisor on several large-scale projects including Barwa Financial District Mega Project in Doha, Qatar, and the master plan for King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Malkawi has consulted globally on many large projects that include airport designs, super towers, industrial factories, and commercial and residential projects. Specific projects include thermal simulations for the Monterrey International Airport - Terminal B in Mexico, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania, thermal and evacuation studies relating to the World Trade Center in NYC, and the low energy solutions and environmental concept for the Sky Condos competition in Lima, Peru.[68][69][70][71][72] Additionally, he has collaborated with China on a variety of sustainability projects.[73]
Civic Engagements
Malkawi has served on several key university committees. Examples include serving as a member of the Presidential Task Force on Global Engagement that was responsible for initiating several university-wide programs, being twice elected by Faculty to represent the School as a member of the Senate Executive Committee (SEC), and being nominated by SEC to represent the faculty senate to the Trustee Committee on Facilities and Campus Planning as well as serving as the secretary of the University Senate Executive Committee.[74]
Events & Speaking Engagements
Malkawi has lectured at several universities, public events, and conferences, as well as hosted several workshops and conferences worldwide.[75][76][77][78][79] Some of these conferences include: Saudi Green Building Forum Conference Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2010; the IBPSA Building Simulation Conference in Australia, the Digital Design Conference in China, and the 9th World Conference on Sport and the Environment in Qatar.[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] In addition, Malkawi and the T.C. Chan Center hosted the United Nations Environment Programme – Sustainable Buildings and Climate Initiative’s Fall Symposium in 2011. The symposium content and outcomes fed into larger global climate discussions at the UNFCCC COP-17 and the UN Conference on Sustainable Development’s RIO+20.[84][88][89][90][91][92]
Awards sampling
Malkawi has been given several awards including an Honorable Mention for the 2011 Sky Condos New International Architecture Competition, an Oberdick Fellowship from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and inclusion in Who's Who in America and in Who's Who in Science and Engineering.[5][71]
References
- ↑ "Ali M. Malkawi appointed professor of architectural technology". Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ↑ "Faculty Profile: Ali Malkawi". Harvard Graduate School of Design. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ↑ "Harvard announces Evergrande support of three initiatives". The Harvard Gazette. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 "PennDesign, People Profile, Ali Malkawi". University of Pennsylvania, School of Design, www.design.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- 1 2 University of Michigan Taubman College (2004–2005). "Taubman College Fellows 2004-2005" (PDF). umich.edu. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- ↑ Russell Boniface (December 16, 2006). "Penn Students Design Sustainable, Low-Cost Housing Project". AIArchitect, Volume 13, Project Watch, www.info.aia.org. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ "Penn Making History, The Campaign for PennDesign, Design Makes a Difference, Page 8" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania School of Design, www.design.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ "University of Pennsylvania : ScholarlyCommons". Repository.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ↑ "Ali M. Malkawi Publications". Journalogy, http://www.journalogy.net. Retrieved 2012-12-12. External link in
|publisher=
(help) - ↑ Ali Malkawi; Fried Augenbroe (Fall 2009). "Sustainability Assessment in a Global Market". Wharton Real Estate Review, Issue: Fall 2009, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Ali Malkawi; Fried Augenbroe (2012–2013). "Climate Action Book, Sustainability Assessment in a Global Market, Page 96". Climate Action Book, Green Media, UNEP. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Ali M. Malkawi; Godfried Augenbroe (2003). Google eBooks, Advanced Building Simulation. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
- ↑ Branko Kolarevic; Ali M. Malkawi (April 17, 2007). "Amazon.com, Performative Architecture". Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
- ↑ Springer, www.springer.com (2008). "Building Simulation: New Journal, New Start" (PDF). Tsinghua Press and Springer-Verlag. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
- ↑ "Building Simulation: An International Journal, Editorial Board". Springer, www.springer.com. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Li Han (March 17, 2011). "Building Simulation: An International Journal". Tsinghua University News. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ "Springer publication listed in Science Citation Index-Expanded". Knowledge Speak, www.knowledgespeak.com, News Archives Across Themes. May 18, 2011. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ "Springer strengthens its position as leading publisher of English-language scientific literature in China - New research journal Building Simulation listed in Science Citation Index". Springer, www.springer.com, Beijing / Heidelberg. May 17, 2011. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ "Board of Directors, Dr. Ali Malkawi". Gulf Organisation for Research and Development (GORD), gord.qa. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Geoff Manaugh (September 12, 2006). "Design in the World: An Interview with Detlef Mertins". Archinect.com Features. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
- ↑ University of Pennsylvania, School of Design. "Resources at the School, Building Simulation Group". Retrieved 2012-12-11.
- 1 2 "IBPSA NEWS, The Journal of the International Building Performance Simulation Association, Volume 15, Number 1, Announcements, Introducing Penn's Building Simulation Group, Page 23" (PDF). International Building Performance Simulation Association. April 2005. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Michael W. Pavelsky (December 2004 – January 2005). "The Philadelphia Architect, The newsletter of AIA Philadelphia, a Chapter of The American Institute of Architects, One Year Later: Do the Sustainable Design Lessons Continue?, University of Pennsylvania" (PDF). AIA Philadelphia, www.aiaphila.org. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ "Entering the Age of Building Simulation Technology". AIA New York Chapter, Center for Architecture, www.aiany.org. September 13, 2005. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Judy West (March 17, 2005). "Welcome to Penn, the virtual version". Penn Current, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ "Top Ten Architecture Colleges, List of Ten Good Architecture Colleges". Education Portal, http://education-portal.com. Retrieved 2012-12-12. External link in
|publisher=
(help) - ↑ Greg Johnson (April 21, 2010). "– Architecture returns to its eco roots". Futurity.org. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ↑ Drury Crawley (July 11, 2002). "Design Analysis Integration (DAI) Initiative". GARD Analytics. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Godfried Augenbroe; Pieter de Wilde; Hyeun Jun Moon; Ali Malkawi; Rohini Brahme; Ruchi Choudhary (August 11–14, 2003). "The Design Analysis Integration (DAI) Initiative" (PDF). Eighth International IBPSA Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
- ↑ Augenbroe, Godfried, Hyuen Moon, Pieter de Wilde, and Ali Malkawi. “An Interoperability Workbench for Design Analysis Integration.” Energy and Buildings Journal (2004) 36 (8): 737-748
- ↑ Malkawi, Ali, and Ravi Srinivasan. “A New Paradigm for Human-Building Interaction: The Use of CFD and Augmented Reality.” Automation in Construction Journal. (2005). 14 (1): 71-84
- ↑ Research at Penn, 2004, University of Pennsylvania, Office of University Communications, www.upenn.edu/researchatpenn
- ↑ Malkawi, Ali, Ravi Srinivasan, Yun Yi, and Ruchi Choudhary. “Decision Support and Design Evolution: Integrating Genetic Algorithms, CFD and Visualization.” Automation in Construction Journal. (2005) 14 (1): 33-44.
- ↑ Yi, Yun, and Ali Malkawi. “Site-Specific Optimal Energy Form Generation Based on Hierarchical Geometry Relation.” Automation in Construction. (2012) 26: 77–91.
- ↑ Pelechano, Nuria, and Ali Malkawi. “Evacuation Simulation Models: Challenges in Modeling High Rise Building Evacuation With Cellular Automata Approaches.” Automation in Construction Journal. (2008) 17 (4): 377-385.
- ↑ Yoon Soo, L., A. Malkawi and Y. Yi. “Simulating Human Behavior and its Impact on Energy Uses.” In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA) Conference Held in Sydney, Australia, 14–16 November 2011, 1049-1056. Sydney, Australia, 2011.
- ↑ "The Daily Pennsylvanian :: Head of sustainability pushes Climate Action Plan". Thedp.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "The Daily Pennsylvanian :: The lights are on but nobody's home". Thedp.com. 2008-01-17. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "The Daily Pennsylvanian :: President unveils plan for greener Penn". Thedp.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Biden in Phila. to tout 'green' His message: Clean energy can create good jobs. - Philly.com". Articles.philly.com. 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ Volynets, Steven (2009-03-09). "Joe Biden Takes Cleantech to PENN". Goodcleantech.pcmag.com. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
- ↑ Willem Adrianus de Bruijn (2010-11-09). "Wharton IGEL: A Few Minutes with Vice President Biden and Company". Whartonigel.typepad.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Our Plan | Penn Green Campus Partnership" (PDF). Upenn.edu. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "University of Pennsylvania - Green Report Card 2011". Greenreportcard.org. July 27, 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ↑ Fernando Pages Ruiz (November 1, 2011). "Energy and Sustainability on Campus: Making the Grade". Buildipedia.com. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
- ↑ Huizhong Wu (March 21, 2012). "Head of Sustainability Pushes Climate Action Plan: Dan Garofalo sat down with the DP to discuss sustainability at Penn". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
- ↑ "Award#1038248 - EFRI-SEED: Risk Conscious Design and Retrofit of Buildings for Low Energy". Nsf.gov. 2010. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
- ↑ Cecile J. Gonzalez (2010). "ENG/EFRI FY 2010 Awards Announcement". Nsf.gov. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
- ↑ Bill O'Brien. "Spotlights | sustainability.psu.edu". Cfs.psu.edu. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Green Works Links: Penn State to receive up to $122 million for "Energy Innovation Hub"". Greenworkslinks.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Governor Rendell: Penn State to Lead Philadelphia-Based Team That Will Pioneer New Energy-Efficient... - HARRISBURG, Pa., Aug. 24 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/". Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Newsletter Addendum - September 30, 2010". Dol.gov. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "GPIC Members — GPIC for Energy-Efficient Buildings". Gpichub.org. 2011-05-24. Archived from the original on 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ↑ Your name: (2009-04-09). "Barwa, Qatari Diar, TC Chan sign deal". Emirates 24/7. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "BARWA and Qatari Diar Develops the first Performance-Based Sustainability Rating System in the Middle East". Zawya. 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ GORD to establish Qatar as Middle East ‘Capital of Green building’ | Qatar Business & Corporate News Archived March 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "PennDesign | Chan Center Director Speaks at 9th World Conference on Sport and the Environment". Design.upenn.edu. 2011-05-01. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Qatar - World Cup 2022 (HVO QAT-6)". Ukti.gov.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ UAE Press Release NetworkEmiratesWeek (2011-05-04). "Gulf Organisation for Research and Development and Qatar Olympic Committee Ink MOU". Emirates Week. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑
- ↑ UAE Press Release NetworkEmiratesWeek. "QSAS to be adopted in the curriculum of the Environment Design Faculty at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals". Emirates Week. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ Elizabeth Broomhall. "Qatar to impose strict green standards from April". ConstructionWeekOnline.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "QSAS - Certified Green Professional 3days training workshop ends". www.AMEinfo.com. July 16, 2009. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
- ↑ QSAS, Barwa hold 'Certified Green Professional' training workshop | BARWA | AMEinfo.com Archived October 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Sustainability in Practive" (PDF). Gord.qa. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ↑ "Qatar's GSAS Turns Other Rating Systems Green". Green Prophet. 2012-06-22. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "GORD, Jordan Engineers Association sign MoU to apply QSAS concepts to Jordan's green building practices - Business Intelligence Middle East - bi-me.com - News, analysis, repor". bi-me.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Energy and Sustainability on Campus: Making the Grade". Buildipedia. 2011-11-01. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ Barwa and Qatari Diar develops the first performance-based sustainability rating system in the Middle East | Qatari Diar | AMEinfo.com
- ↑ Kristy Hessman (October 26, 2011). “UN Symposium Addresses Green Buildings.” EarthTechling.com. http://www.earthtechling.com/2011/10/un-symposium-addresses-green-buildings/. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- 1 2 May 1, 2012. Arquitectum’s Sky Condos 2011, Competition Results. http://arquitectum.com/index.php. Arquitectum. Retrieved 2012-11-29
- ↑ Y. K. Yi, N. Pelechano, R. Srinivasan, A. Malkawi. “World Trade Center Evacuation Study”. Interim report. Building Simulation Group, University of Pennsylvania.
- ↑ "Wharton Real Estate Review: Ali Malkawi". Realestate.wharton.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "02/07/06, Task Force on Global Engagement - Almanac, Vol. 52, No. 21". Upenn.edu. 2006-02-07. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Forum in Riyadh to offer green guidelines | Arab News — Saudi Arabia News, Middle East News, Opinion, Economy and more". Arabnews.com. 2010-10-13. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ Prince Mansour bin Miteb to inaugurate Saudi Green Buildings Forum on Oct 16 | MEED | AMEinfo.com Archived October 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Saudi Green Buildings Forum 2010 kicks off in Riyadh | MEED | AMEinfo.com Archived October 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Saudi Green Buildings Forum 2010" (PDF). Sgbforum.org. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ↑ "Welcome to Turenscape". Turenscape.com. 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Yale Bulletin and Calendar". Yale.edu. 2004-03-26. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ Conference and Seminar on Digital Design in Architecture Held at HIT "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
- ↑ "哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院". Jzxy.hit.edu.cn. 2012-09-17. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "PennDesign | Experts to Explore Architecture, Style, and the Design of Energy Efficient Buildings". Design.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- 1 2 Hessman, Kristy. "UN Symposium Addresses Green Buildings". EarthTechling. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "2012 Washington Ideas Forum" (PDF). Atlanticlive.theatlantic.com. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ↑ "Page 5" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ IBPSA-Events
- ↑ "Green, greener, greenest: The value of striving". Philly.com. 2011-10-31. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Green Interview: Leading The Way In Sustainable Building". ThinkProgress. 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "PennDesign | Chan Center to host United Nations Sustainable Buildings Climate Initiative Symposia". Design.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ ":: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - SBCI ::". UNEP. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "T.C. Chan Center to Host the United Nations Environment Programme - Sustainable Buildings and Climate Initiative's 2011 Fall Symposium". Business Wire. 2011-10-26. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
External links
- University of Pennsylvania School of Design official web site
- T.C. Chan Center for Building Simulation and Energy Studies official web site
- Building Simulation Group official web site
- Qatar Sustainability Assessment System official web site