American and British English pronunciation differences

Differences in pronunciation between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE) can be divided into:

• differences in accent (i.e. phoneme inventory and realisation). See differences between General American and Received Pronunciation for the standard accents in the United States and Britain; for information about other accents see regional accents of English speakers.
• differences in the pronunciation of individual words in the lexicon (i.e. phoneme distribution). In this article, transcriptions use Received Pronunciation (RP) to represent BrE and General American (GAm) to represent AmE.

In the following discussion

• superscript ^A2 after a word indicates that the BrE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in AmE.
• superscript ^B2 after a word indicates that the AmE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in BrE.
• superscript ^A1 after a word indicates that the pronunciation given as BrE is also the most common variant in AmE.
• superscript ^B1 after a word indicates that the pronunciation given as AmE is also the most common variant in BrE.

Stress

Subscript _a or _b means that the relevant unstressed vowel is also reduced to /ə/ or /ᵻ/ in AmE or BrE, respectively.

French stress

For many loanwords from French where AmE has kept the original French final-syllable stress, BrE stresses an earlier syllable. French loanwords that differ in stress only are listed below.

BrE	AmE	words with relevant syllable stressed in each dialect[1][2]
1st	last	ballet^AB2, barragea,[nb 1] batonab*, bereta[nb 2], bidet, blasé^A2, bouffant^A2,[nb 3] brasserieb, brassiereab, brevetab^A2,[3] brochureb^B2*,[nb 4][4] buffeta,[nb 5][5] cachet^A2, café*a*b, caffeine^A2, canarda^B1,[6] chagrina, chalet^A2, chiffon^AB2,[7] cliché*a, collagea*^B2, coupé, croissant*a, debrisa^A2,[nb 6] debut, décor^A2, detaila^A2, figurine, flambé,[nb 7] frappé, frontier^AB2, garagea^B2,[nb 8] gourmet^A2, lamé[nb 9], matinée, milieu^B2, mundane^AB2, negligee^A2, nonchalantb^A2, nondescript, parquet*b, pastel^B2b, pastilleb,[nb 10] pâté,[nb 11] précis^A2, sachet, salona, savantab^A2, solfège,[9] sorbet,[nb 12] soupçon,[10] vaccine. Also some French names, including: Degas, Dijon,[11] Dumas,[12] Manet,[13] Monet,[nb 13][14] Renaulta,[nb 14][15] Rimbaud.[nb 15][16]
2nd	last	attaché, consomméa, décolleté, déclassé, démodé,[17] denouement, distingué, escargot, exposé, fiancé(e)^A2,[nb 16] retroussé. Also some French names, including: Debussyb, Dubonneta.
last	1st	addressb^A1 (noun), assayb^AB2 (noun), decadeb^B1,[nb 17][18] esquireb*^A2, magazine^A2, mayonnaise^A2 tirade^A2, ((bi)p)artisana.^B1/2[nb 18]
2nd	1st	artisanal^A1, liaisonab^A2*[nb 19],[19] macraméab, Renaissanceab[nb 20]

Verbs ending in –ate

Most 2-syllable verbs ending -ate have first-syllable stress in AmE and second-syllable stress in BrE. This includes castrate, cremate^A2,^[20] dictate^A2, donate^A2, locate^A2, migrate, narrate_b^A2, placate_b^B2, prostrate, pulsate, rotate, serrate^A2, spectate, striate,^[21] translate^A1, vacate_b*^A2,^[22] vibrate^A2. Examples where AmE and BrE match include create, debate, equate, elate, negate; and mandate and probate with first-syllable stress. Derived nouns in -ator retains the distinction, but those in -ation do not. Also, migratory^B1[23] and vibratory^{B1 [24]} sometimes retain the distinction.^[1]

Most longer -ate verbs are pronounced the same in AmE and BrE, but a few have first-syllable stress in BrE and second-syllable stress in AmE: elongate_a^A2, infiltrate^A2, remonstrate_ab^A2,^[25] tergiversate_a^{A1[nb 21]}.^[26] For some derived adjectives ending -atory stress-shifting to -a(tory)- occurs in BrE. Among these cases are celebratory_a^[27] (BrE: /ˌsɛlᵻˈbreɪtəri/), compensatory_a,^[28] participatory_a,^[29] regulatory_a^B1.^[30] AmE stresses the same syllable as the corresponding -ate verb (except compensatory, where AmE stresses the second syllable^[31]). A further -atory difference is laboratory^B2: AmE /ˈlæbᵊrəˌtɔːri/ and BrE /ləˈbɒrətᵊri/.^[1][32]

Miscellaneous stress

There are a number of cases where same-spelled noun, verb and/or adjective have uniform stress in one dialect but distinct stress in the other (e.g. alternate, prospect): see initial-stress-derived noun.

The following table lists words not brought up in the discussion so far where the main difference between AmE and BrE is in stress. Usually it also follows a reduction of the unstressed vowel. Words marked with subscript _A or _B are exceptions to this, and thus retains a full vowel in the (relatively) unstressed syllable of AmE or BrE. A subsequent asterisk, _*, means that the full vowel is usually retained; a preceding _* means that the full vowel is sometimes retained.

Words with other points of difference are listed in a later table.

BrE	AmE	words with relevant syllable stressed in each dialect[1][2]
1st	2nd	adultB^AB2, aristocrat^AB2, BalthazarA, cerebral/cerebrum^A2, concave/convexAB^AB2, harass^AB2, illustrative^A2, inculcate^AB2, kilometre/kilometer^AB2,[nb 22][33] omegaA, patina^A1, quadrupleAB^AB2, stalactite^A2, stalagmite^A2, Suez^A2*, subaltern^A2, thanksgivingAB^B2, transferenceA^A2, UlyssesA
2nd	1st	ancillaryB, applicable^AB2,[34] AugustineB^A2, catenary, controversy^B1, corollary, defence/offenseA^A2 (sport), fritillary, guffaw^A1,[35] papa^AB2, marshmallowAB,[nb 23] medullaryB^AB2,[36] miscellany,[nb 24] patronal,[37] predicative, pretence/pretenseA^A1, princess*A^A2, saxophonistB^B2, spread(-)eagledAB,[38] substratumAB^A2, tracheaA^B2, weekendAB^AB2
1st	3rd	obsoleteAB^AB2, opportuneAB, submarineAB^AB2(noun)
2nd	3rd	submariner^A2
3rd	1st	cockatooAB^AB2, hemoglobinAB, margarineB, PyreneesAB
3rd	2nd	arytenoid^A1, obscurantismAB^A2[39]

Affixes

-ary,-ery,-ory,-mony,-ative,-bury,-berry

Where the syllable preceding the suffixes -ary, -ery, -ory, -mony or -ative is unstressed, AmE pronounces the antepenultimate syllable with a full vowel sound: /ˌɛri/ for -ary and -ery, /ˌɔːri/ for -ory, /ˌmoʊni/ for -mony and /ˌeɪtɪv/ -ative. BrE reduces the vowel to a schwa or even elides it completely: /əri/ or /ri/, /məni/ and /ətɪv/ -ative. So military is AmE /ˈmɪləˌtɛri/ and BrE /ˈmɪlᵻtəri/ or /ˈmɪlᵻtri/,^[40] inventory is AmE /ˈɪnvənˌtɔːri/ and BrE /ˈɪnvəntᵊri/,^[41] testimony is AmE /ˈtɛstᵻˌmoʊni/ and BrE /ˈtɛstᵻməni/.^[42] and innovative is AmE /ˈɪnoʊˌveɪtɪv/ or /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/ and BrE /ˈɪnəvətɪv/.^[43] (The elision is avoided in carefully enunciated speech, especially with endings -rary,-rery,-rory.)

Where the syllable preceding -ary, -ery, -ory, -mony or -ative is stressed however, AmE also usually reduces the vowel: /əri/, /məni/. Exceptions include library,^[44] primary^A2,^[45] rosemary.^[46] (Pronouncing library as /ˈlaɪˌbɛri/ rather than /ˈlaɪˌbrɛri/ is highly stigmatized in AmE, whereas in BrE, /ˈlaɪbri/ is common in rapid or casual speech.)

The suffix -berry is pronounced by similar rules, except that in BrE it may be full /ˌbɛri/ after an unstressed syllable, while in AmE it is usually full in all cases. Thus we have strawberry: BrE /ˈstrɔːbᵊri/, AmE /ˈstrɔːˌbɛri/, and whortleberry: BrE/AmE /ˈwɔːrtlˌbɛri/.

The placename component -bury (e.g. Canterbury) has a similar difference: AmE has a full vowel: /ˌbɛri/ where BrE has a reduced or none at all: /bᵊri/.

Note that stress differences between the dialects occur with some words ending in -atory (listed above) and a few others like capillary (included in #Miscellaneous stress above).

Formerly the BrE–AmE distinction for adjectives carried over to corresponding adverbs ending -arily, -erily or -orily. However, nowadays some BrE speakers adopt the AmE practice of shifting the stress to the antepenultimate syllable: militarily is thus sometimes /ˌmɪlᵻˈtɛrᵻli/ rather than /ˈmɪlᵻtrᵻli/, and necessarily is in BrE either /ˈnɛsəsᵊrɪli/. or /ˌnɛsᵻˈsɛrᵻli/^[47]

-ile

Words ending in unstressed -ile derived from Latin adjectives ending -ilis are mostly pronounced with a full vowel in BrE /aɪl/ but a reduced vowel or syllabic L in AmE /ˈˈəˈˈl/ (e.g. fertile rhymes with fur tile in BrE but with furtle in AmE).

AmE will (unlike BrE, except when indicated with^B2) have a reduced last vowel:^[1]

• generally in facile, (in)fertile, fissile, fragile, missile, stabile (adjective), sterile, tensile, versatile, virile, volatile
• usually in agile, decile, ductile,^[48] futile, hostile, juvenile, (im)mobile (adjective & phone),^[49] nubile, projectile, puerile, reptile, servile, tactile, utile;^[50]
• sometimes in domicile^B2,^{[nb 25][51]} infantile, pensile, percentile, senile.^{[nb 26]} textile
• never in crocodile, exile, gentile, reconcile; nor to compounds of monosyllables (e.g. turnstile from stile).

In some words the pronunciation /iːl/ also comes into play:

• BrE /aɪl/, AmE /iːl/: camomile^A1, mercantile^A2, mobile/stabile (decorations)^[52]
• BrE /iːl/, AmE /ɪl/ or /ˈˈəˈˈl/: imbecile.
• BrE /ɪl/, AmE /iːl/: rutile (BrE, AmE also /aɪl/).^[53]

Related endings -ility, -ilize, -iliary are pronounced the same in AmE as BrE.

-ine

The suffix -ine,^[9][54] when unstressed, is pronounced sometimes /aɪn/ (e.g. feline), sometimes /iːn/ (e.g. morphine) and sometimes /ɪn/ (e.g. medicine). Some words have variable pronunciation within BrE, or within AmE, or between BrE and AmE. Generally, AmE is more likely to favour /iːn/ or /ɪn/, and BrE to favour /aɪn/.

BrE /aɪn/, AmE (1) /iːn/: carbine^A2, Florentine^A2, philistine^A2, pristine^{B1[nb 27]}, saline^A2, serpentine^A2.

BrE /aɪn/, AmE (1) /iːn/ (2) /ɪn/: adamantine^A2.

BrE /aɪn/, AmE /ɪn/: turbine^AB2, uterine^B2.

BrE /aɪn/, AmE (1) /ɪn/ (2) /aɪn/ (3) /iːn/: crystalline, labyrinthine.^[55]

BrE (1) /iːn/, AmE (1) /aɪn/ (2) /ɪn/: iodine ^AB2.

Weak forms

The titles Saint and Sir before a person's name have weak forms in BrE but not AmE: before vowels, [snt]^[56] and [sə].

Miscellaneous pronunciation differences

These tables list words pronounced differently but spelled the same. See also the table of words with different pronunciation reflected in the spelling.

Single differences

Words with multiple points of difference of pronunciation are in the table after this one. Accent-based differences are ignored. For example, Moscow is RP /ˈmɒskəʊ/ and GAm /ˈmɑːskaʊ/, but only the /oʊ/-/aʊ/ difference is highlighted here, since both the /ɒ/-/ɑː/ difference and the RP use of /əʊ/ rather than /oʊ/ are predictable from the accent. Also, tiara is listed with AmE /æ/; the marry–merry–Mary merger changes this vowel for many Americans. Some AmE types are listed as /ɒ/ where GAm merges to /ɑː/.

^A2 means that American speakers may use either pronunciation;^B2 means British speakers may use either pronunciation.

BrE	AmE	Words
/ɑː/	/æ/	Excluding words changed by the trap–bath split,[57] (which affects most southern British speakers and almost no American speakers): banana, cadre^AB2,[58] chorale^A2,[59] Colorado^A2,[60] cyclorama, diorama, Internationale, khaki^A2, locale^A2, macaque^AB2, morale, musicale, Nevada^A2,[61] pajama(s)^A2,[62] Pakistani^A2, panorama^A2, pastorale, plaque^B2, rale, rationale, Sahara, scenario^A2, soprano^A2, Sudan^B2, sultana, tiara^A2[1]
/æ/	/ɑː/	"A" in the anglicised pronunciation of many foreign names and loanwords, e.g.: Ankara^A2,[63] aqua^A2,[64] Basra, Boccaccio, Caracas^B2, Casablanca, Casals, caveat^A2, Cezanne, chianti^A2, Delgado, goulash^A2,[65] grappa, Gulag, hacienda, kebab,[66] Las (placenames, e.g. Las Vegas), lasagna^B2, latte^B2, Lausanne, macho, mafia^A2, Milan^A2,[67] Mohammed, Mombasa^A2, paso doble, pasta, patio, pecan^AB2, Picasso^A2, pilaff, Rachmaninoff, rallentando^A2,[68] ravioli, regatta^A2,[69] shaman, Slovak^A2, squacco, Sri Lanka^A2, Uganda, Vasco da Gama, Vivaldi, wigwam[1]
/ɑː/	/eɪ/	charade, cicada^A2, gala^AB2, laver (seaweed)^AB2,[70] praline^B2,[71] promenade^AB2, pro rata^AB2, tomato^A2, stratum^B2[nb 28] [9][54]
/eɪ/	/ɑː/	esplanade^AB2
/æ/	/eɪ/	basil^A2 (plant), canine^B2, granary, (im)placable, macron^A2, pal(a)eo-, (com/un)patriot(ic)^B2, (ex/re)patriate/-ation^B2, patronage/-ise^AB2, phalanx^A2, plait^A2, Sabine, satrap^A2, satyr^A2[9][54]
/eɪ/	/æ/	Appalachia(n), apparatus^A2, apricot^A2, comrade, dahlia^A2, data^A2, digitalis^A2, gratis^B2, patent^B2, status^A2[9][54]
/æ/	/ɒ/	twat^B2
/ɒ/	/æ/	quagmire^B2,[72] scallop^B2, wrath[nb 29]
/ɔː/	/oʊ/	porous
/oʊ/	/ɔː/	wont^A2[1]
/ɑː/	/ɔː/	quark^AB2
/ɔː/	/ɑː/	schmaltz^A2[73]
/æ/	/ɔː/	asphalt[1]
/ɒ/	/ɔː/	alcohol^A2,[1] atoll, gnocchi, oratory, parasol
/ɔː/	/ʊ/	courgette[nb 30], your
/ɔː/	/aʊ/	glaucoma^AB2, trauma^AB2[1][2]
/ɔː(l)/	/æl/	falcon^A2[nb 31][9][70]
/iː/	/ɛ/	Aesculapius, Aeschylus, (a)esthete/-tic^B2,[74] an(a)esthetist/-ize, amenity^B2,[75] besti(al/ary), breve^A2, D(a)edalus, (d)evolution^AB2, ecumenical^B2, ephod^AB2, epochal^B1,[76] era^A2,[77] esoteric^B2,[78] h(a)emo-, Hephaestus, hygienic^A2, hysteria^A2,[79] Kenya^B2, lever(age)^AB2, methane^B2, Oedipus^A2, (o)estrogen^B2,[80] (o)estrus^B2,[81] p(a)edophile, penalize^A2, Ph(a)edrus, predecessor^A2, predilection^A2,[82] pyrethrin^A2, qu(a)estor, schizophrenia^A2,[83] senile^A2, (bi/quin/quater)centenary^B2
/ɛ/	/iː/	Cecil^AB2, crematorium^A2, cretin, depot^A2,[84] eco-^B2, ego^B2, equine^AB2, equinox^AB2, leisure^A2, medieval^AB2, Petrarch^AB2, presentation^A2,[85] reconnoit(re/er)^A2, zebra^B2, zenith^AB2
/iː/	/eɪ/	beta, eta, heinous^B2, quay^A2, repartee^A2,[86] theta, zeta
/eɪ/	/iː/	deity^AB2[87], Haggai,[88] Helene^A2, Israel^A2, renege[89]
/ɛ/	/eɪ/	ate^B2, mêlée^A2,[9][54] presa
/eɪ/	/ɛ/	again(st)^B2, nonpareil[9][54]
/ɒ/	/ʌ/	hovel^AB2, hover^A2, want(ed)^A2. Also the strong forms of these function words: (every/some/no/any)body^A2, because^AB2 (and clipping 'cos/'cause), from^A2, of^A2, Somme, was^A2, what^A2
/ʌ/	/ɒ/	accomplice^B2,[90] accomplish^B2,[91] colander^B2, conjure^A2, constable^B2, Lombardy^B2, monetary^A2, -monger^A2
/ɒ/	/oʊ/	adios, Aeroflot, ayatollah, Barbados, baroque^B2,[92] Boccherini^A2,[93] Bogota, calvados, Chopin, cognac^A2,[94] compost, concerto grosso^A2,[95] Eros^A2, homo-^B2, Interpol, logos (singular)^A2, Lod, olfactory^A2,[96] pedagogy^A2, Pinocchio, pogrom, polka^B2, produce (noun)^A2,[97] professorial, prophy-(lactic/laxis), protege^B2,[98] Provencal^A2,[99] realpolitik, Rosh Hashanah^A2, scone^AB2, shone, solstice^A2,[100] sojourn, Tolstoy^A2,[101] troll^B2, yogurt^B2[102]
/oʊ/	/ɒ/	Adonis, codicil^B2[103] codify^A2, goffer, ogle^A2, process (noun)^A2,[104] project^B2(noun), sloth^A2, troth^A2, wroth^B2
/ɪ/	/aɪ/	dynasty, hibiscus, housewifery,[76] idyll, Iran^A2, Iraq^A2, italic^A2,[105] itinerant, (long/short)-lived^A2,[106][107] pipette, privacy^B2,[108] simultaneous^A2, tinnitus, titanium^AB2, tricolo(u)r^B2,[109] Tyrolean, vicarious^AB2, vitamin^B2. See also -ine.[1]
/aɪ/	/ɪ/	butyl^B2, cervical, cyclic(al)^B2, di-^AB2[nb 32], divisive, doctrinal, finance, forsythia, -isation/-ization^A2, minority^AB2, primer (schoolbook), Pythagoras, subsidence/-ent, synapse^B2, umbilical, urinal. See also -ine.[1][9]
/aɪ/	/eɪ/	Isaiah[1]
/aɪ/	/iː/	(n)either^AB2, Pleiades, via. See also -ine.
/iː/	/aɪ/	albino, geyser, migraine^B2. Also the prefixes anti-^A2, multi-^A2, semi-^A2 in loose compounds (e.g. in anti-establishment, but not in antibody). See also -ine.
/iː/	/ɪ/	been^B2,[110] creek^A2, invalid (noun), prima
/ɪ/	/iː/	aphrodisiac, bulimia, memorabilia, pi(t)ta^B2, prestigious
/ɛ/	/ɑ/	enclave, envelope^AB2, envoi/-voy
/æ/	/ɛ/	femme fatale^A2, pall-mall^A2[nb 33][9][54]
/aʊ/	/uː/	nous^A2
/ʊ/	/ɪ/	kümmel
/ʊ/	/uː/	Buddha^A2, cuckoo, guru
/uː/	/ʊ/	boogie-woogie, boulevard, coop, hoof^A2, hoop, roof, root^A2, snooker, woof^A2 (weaving)
/uː/	/ə/	ferrule
/ʊ/	/ɜ:/	courier
/ʊ/	/ʌ/	brusque^B2, Muslim^AB2
/ʌ/	/ɜ:/	burrow, courage, currant, (con/re)current, currency, curry, flourish, flurry, furrier, furrow, hurry, nourish, occurrence, scurrilous, scurry, slurry, surreptitious, turret, worry
/ə/	/ʌ/	surplus
/ʌ/	/ə/	dandruff
/ʌ/	/uː/	felucca
/uː/	/aʊ/	route^A2[111]
/oʊ/	/uː/	brooch^A2
/uː/	/oʊ/	cantaloup(e)
/ʌ/	/oʊ/	covert (adj.)^AB2,[112] plover
/oʊ/	/aʊ/	Moscow^A2
/ə(r)/	/ɑːr/	Madagascar^A2
/ə(r)/	/ɜːr/	chauffeur
/ɑː(r)/	/ɜːr/	Berkeley, Berkshire, Cherwell, clerk, derby, Hertford(shire). (The only AmE word with ⟨er⟩ = /ɑː/] is sergeant.)
/ɜː(r)/	/ɛr/	err^A2
/ɛr/	/ɜːr/	deterrent^A2
/ɛr/	/ɪr/	inherent
/ɪə(r)/	/ɪr/ or /ɛr/	coherent
/ɪr/	/ɜːr~ɚ/	chirrup^A2, squirrel, stirrup^A2, syrup^A2
/ɔː(r)/	/ər/	acorn, record (noun), stridor^AB2
/ə/	/ɒ/	Amazon, anacoluthon, automaton, Avon, capon, crampon, crayon, hexagon, Lebanon, lexicon, marathon, (m)ascot, melancholy,[113] myrmidon, octagon, Oregon, pantechnicon, paragon, Parthenon, pentagon, phenomenon, polygon, pylon, python^A2, Rubicon, saffron, silicon
/ɒ/	/ə/	Aesop, Amos, condom, despot, Enoch, ingot, mosquito, sombrero
/ɒ/	/ɛ/	roentgen, Stendhal
/ə/	/ɛ/	nonsense
/ɛ/	/ə/	congress, Kentucky
/ɛ/	/ᵻ/	parallelepiped[114]
/ɛ/	/ɪ/	manageress, spinet
/ɪ/	/ɛ/	deficit^B2, despicable
/ɪ/	/ə/	impetigo, vehicle^A2
/ə/	/æ/	applique, baboon, bassoon, Capri, fastidious, nasturtium, papoose, platoon, raccoon, taboo, tattoo, trapeze
/æ/	/ə/	massage, program(me)
/ə/	/eɪ/	-ative, Draconian^A2, grimace, satanic
/eɪ/	/ə/	entrails, template
/ə/	/oʊ/	anchovy, obedience/-ent^AB2, official, probation, procedure, prohibit, proliferate, prolific, Prometheus, prophetic, propinquity, prorogation, protest (verb), protract, protrude, protuberance/-ant, varicose, also place names such as Edinburgh^A2 (see also -ory and -mony)
/oʊ/	/ə/	kimono, procrastinate
/juː/	/uː/	barracuda, minute (adj.), puma^A2, revenue^A2 (as well as all words with pronunciations based predictably upon the yod-dropping phenomenon, the extent of which is much greater for American speakers than British speakers)
/uː/	/juː/	coupon^A2, fuchsine, Houston^B2
/juː/	/w/	conduit, iguana^B2,[115] jaguar, Nicaragua^B2
/ə(r)/	/jər/	figure^A2 for the verb
/ʊ/	/jʊ/	erudite^A2,[116] purulent, virulence
/jʊ/	/ʊ/	duress, Honduras, résumé^A2[117]
/ɑː/	/ə/	charivari
/ɑː/	/ət/	nougat[nb 34]
/eɪ/	/ət/	sorbet,[nb 35] tourniquet[1]
/ət/	/eɪ/	fillet
/oʊ/	/ɒt/	Huguenot^A2
/ɜː/	/uː/	milieu
/ɜː(r)/	/ʊr/	connoisseur^A2, entrepreneur^A2, masseur
/ɜːz/	/uːs/	Betelgeuse, chanteuse, chartreuse^A2, masseuse
/z/	/s/	Aussie^A2, blouse (noun), blouson, complaisant^A2, crescent^B2, dextrose, diagnose^A2, erase, fuselage^A2, greasy, mimosa, parse, ruse^A2, talisman, trans-^AB2 (in some words), treatise, usage, usurp^AB2, valise, venison, visa^A2
/s/	/z/	asthma, chromosome, meso-^AB2
/ts/	/z/	piazza^A2, schnauzer, terrazzo
/ð/	/θ/	bequeath, booth^B2, loath(ful/ly/some)^A2, smithy^A2, withstand(ing)^A2
/ʃ/	/ʒ/	Asia^B2, cashmere, Persia^B2, (as/dis)persion^A2, (ex/in)cursion^B2, (im/sub)mersion, (a/con/di/in/per/re)version^A2
/dʒ/	/tʃ/	sandwich^B2,[118] spinach^B2
/tʃ/	/dʒ/	Chou (en Lai)
/tʃ/	/ʃ/	braggadocio
/ʃ/	/tʃ/	chassis
/sju:/	/ʃu:/	issue^B2, tissue^B2, sexual(ity)^B2[119]
/z(j)u:/	/ʒu:/	Jesuit^A2[120]
/sɪ/	/ʃ/	cassia^A2, Cassius^A2, Dionysius^A2,[121] hessian, Lucius, (ne/omni/pre)science/-ent, Theodosius
/zɪ/ or /sɪ/	/ʃ/	nausea^A2, transient^A2
/zɪ/	/ʒ/	artesian, Elysian, Frisian, Frasier, glazier, grazier, hosiery, Indonesia, Malaysia, Parisian, Polynesia, Rabelaisian
/dɪ/	/dʒi/	cordial(ity)
/tɪ/	/tʃi/	besti(al/ary), celestial[122]
/tɪ/	/ʃ/	consortium^B2,[123] otiose, sentient^B2[124]
/ʃ/	/s/	commensurable^AB2[125]
/s/	/ʃ/	licorice/liquorice^AB2
/ʃ/	/sk/	schedule^B2
/iːʃ/	/ɪtʃ/	niche^AB2
/t/	/θ/	Anthony^AB2
/t/	/d/	Taoism^A2
/kw/	/k/	conquistador
/k/	/kw/	questionnaire^B2
/v/	/f/	nephew^B2 (The old English pronunciation with /v/ has to a large extent been replaced by /f/ due to the spelling latinization of Middle English "neveu". The preference breakdown in BrE is /f/ 79%, /v/ 21%.)[126]
(sounded)	(silent)	Cannes, chthonic^B2,[76][127] diaper, herb^A2,[128] Knossos^B2,[129] often^AB2, phthisis^B2, salve^A2,[70] schism^AB2, solder, (un)toward(s)^A2(prep.),B2.[1]
(silent)	(sounded)	(in)comparable/-ably, medicine^B2, modern^B2, Singapore^B2, suggest^A2,[9][54] (un)comfortable/-ably^B2, Warwick, wh-. See also -ary -ery -ory -bury, -berry.

Multiple differences

The slashes normally used to enclose IPA phonemic transcriptions have been omitted from the following table to improve legibility.

Spelling	BrE IPA	AmE IPA	Notes
advertisement	ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt	ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt
agent provocateur	ˌæʒɒ̃ prəˌvɒkətɜː	ˌɑʒɑ̃ proʊˌvɑːkəˈtʊr
amortise/amortize	əˈmɔːtaɪz	ˈæmərˌtaɪz	BrE uses two spellings & pronounced əˈmɔːtaɪz. In AmE the word is usually spelled amortize & pronounced ˈæmərˌtaɪz.
amphitheater/amphitheatre	ˈæmfɪˌθɪətə	ˈæmfəˌθiətər	BrE is spelled amphitheatre & pronounced ˈæmfɪˌθɪətə. In AmE the word is usually spelled amphitheater & pronounced ˈæmfəˌθiətər.
avoirdupois	ˌævwɑːdjuːˈpwɑː	ˌævərdəˈpɔɪz
basalt	ˈbæsɔːlt	(1) bəˈsɔlt (2) ˈbeɪˌsɔlt
bitumen	ˈbɪtjʊmɪn	baɪˈtumən
boehmite	(1) ˈbɜːmaɪt (2) ˈboʊmaɪt	(1) ˈbeɪmaɪt (2) ˈboʊmaɪt	The first pronunciations approximate German [ø] (spelled ⟨ö⟩ or ⟨oe⟩); the second ones are anglicized.
bolognaise/bolognese	ˌbɒləˈneɪz	ˌboʊlənˈjeɪz	BrE uses two spellings & pronounced ˌbɒləˈneɪz. In AmE the word is usually spelled bolognese & pronounced ˌboʊlənˈjeɪz.
borough^A2	ˈbʌrə	ˈbɜːroʊ
bouquet	(1) buːˈkeɪ (2) ˈbuːkeɪ	(1) boʊˈkeɪ (2) buːˈkeɪ
boyar	(1) ˈbɔɪɑː (2) boʊˈjɑː	(1) boʊˈjɑːr (2) ˈbɔɪjər
buoy^A2	ˈbɔɪ	ˈbuːi	The British pronunciation occurs in America more commonly for the verb than the noun; still more in derivatives buoyant, buoyancy.
canton	kænˈtuːn	(1) kænˈtɑːn (2) kænˈtoʊn	difference is only in military sense "to quarter soldiers" other senses can have stress on either syllable in both countries.
capillary	kəˈpɪlərɪ	ˈkæpəˌlɛri
Caribbean	ˌkærəˈbiən	kəˈrɪbɪən
cheong sam	ˈtʃɒŋˈsæm	tʃɛˈɔŋˈsɑm
clitoris	(1) ˈklɪtərɪs (2) ˈklaɪtərɪs	klɪˈtɔːrɪs
combatant	ˈkɒmbətənt	kəmˈbætənt
communal^B2	ˈkɒmjʊnəl	kəˈmjunəl
composite	ˈkɒmpəzɪt	kəmˈpɑzɪt
coronary	ˈkɒrənərɪ	ˈkɔːrəˌnɛri
corral	kɒˈrɑːl	kəˈræl
cosmos^A2[130]	ˈkɒzmɒs	(1) ˈkɑzməs (2) ˈkɑzˌmoʊs
dachshund	ˈdæksˌənd	ˈdɑksˌhʊnd
Dante	ˈdæntɪ	ˈdɑːnteɪ
desideratum^AB2	dɪˌzɪdəˈrɑːtəm	dɪˌsɪdəˈreɪtəm
dilettante	dɪləˈtænti	(1) ˈdɪlətɑːnt (2) ˌdɪləˈtɑːnt	BrE reflects the word's Italian origin; AmE approximates more to French.
docile	ˈdoʊsaɪl	ˈdɑsəl
Don Quixote	ˈdɒnˈkwɪksət	ˌdɑnkiˈhoʊteɪ
enquiry/inquiry	ɪŋˈkwaɪ(ə)ri	(1) ˈɪnkwəri (2) ɪŋˈkwaɪri	BrE uses two spellings, pronounced ɛŋˈkwaɪ(ə)ri and ɪŋˈkwaɪ(ə)ri. In AmE the word is usually spelled inquiry.
epoch^A2	ˈiːpɒk	ˈɛpək
ethos^A2	ˈiːθɒs	ˈɛθˌoʊs
expletive	ɪkˈspliːtɪv	ˈɛksplətɪv
febrile^A2[131]	ˈfiːbraɪl	(1) ˈfɛbriːl (2) ˈfɛbrəl	The BrE pronunciation occurs in AmE
fracas	ˈfrækɑː	(1) ˈfreɪkəs (2) ˈfrækəs (3) frəˈkɑː	The BrE plural is French fracas /ˈfrækɑːz/. For AmE examples (1) and (2), the plural is anglicized fracases
Galapagos	ɡəˈlæpəɡɒs	gəˈlɑpəˌgoʊs
glacier	(1) ˈɡlæsiə (2) ˈɡleɪsiə	ˈɡleɪʃər
Glasgow^A2	ˈɡlɑːzɡoʊ	ˈglæsgoʊ
holocaust	ˈhɒləˌkɔːst	(1) ˈhoʊləˌkɔst (2) ˈhɔləˌkɔst
hurricane^AB2	ˈhʌrɪkən	ˈhɜːrɪˌkeɪn
impasse	(1) æmˈpɑːs (2) ˈæmpɑːs	(1) ˈɪm pæs (2) ɪmˈpæs	The BrE pronunciations are more true to the French.
jalousie	(1) ʒælʊˈziː (2) ˈʒælʊziː	ˈdʒæləsi
junta	ˈdʒʌntə	ˈhʊntə
kudos	ˈkjuːdɒs	ˈkuˌdoʊs
lapsang souchong	ˈlæpsæŋ suːˈʃɒŋ	ˌlɑːpsɑːŋ ˈsuːʃɑːŋ
lasso^AB2	ləˈsuː	ˈlæsoʊ
lieutenant	(1) lɛfˈtɛnənt (2) ləˈtɛnənt	luːˈtɛnənt	The 2nd British pronunciation is restricted to the Royal Navy. Standard Canadian and Australian pronunciation is the same as the British.
liqueur	lɪˈkjʊə	lɪˈkɜːr
lychee	(1) ˈliːtʃiː (2) laɪˈtʃiː	ˈliːtʃiː	Spelling litchi has pronunciation /ˈlɪtʃiː/. The BrE pronunciation /laɪˈtʃiː/ also occurs in AmE.
mama[132]	(1) ˈmamə (2) məˈmɑː	ˈmɑːmə
methyl	ˈmiːθaɪl	ˈmɛθəl
Molière	ˈmɒliɛə	moʊlˈjɛr
moustache[133]	mʊˈstɑːʃ	ˈmʌs.tæʃ
oblique	əbˈliːk	əbˈlaɪk	AmE is as BrE except in military sense "advance at an angle"
oregano	ˌɒrɪˈɡɑːnoʊ	(1) ɔˈrɛgənoʊ (2) əˈrɛgənoʊ
Pakistan^A2[134]	ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːn	ˈpæk əˌstæn
paprika^AB2	ˈpæprɪkə	pəˈprikə
pathos^A2	ˈpeɪθɒs	(1) ˈpeɪˌθɔs (2) ˈpeɪˌθoʊs
penchant	pɑ̃ˈʃɑ̃	ˈpɛntʃənt	The AmE pronunciation is anglicized; the BrE is French.
penult	pɛˈnʌlt	(1) ˈpiːnʌlt (2) pɪˈnʌlt
phthisic[135]	(1) ˈ(f)θaɪsɪk (2) ˈtaɪsɪk	(1) ˈtɪzɪk (2) ˈθɪzɪk
premature[136]	(1)ˈpremətʃə (2) ˈprɛmətjʊə	(1)ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr (2) ˌpriːməˈtʊr
premier^A2	(1) ˈprɛmjə (2) ˈprɛmjə	(1) prɪmˈɪər (2) ˈpriːmɪər
première	ˈprɛmɪɛə	(1) prɪˈmɪər (2) prɪmˈjɛr
progress	(1) ˈproʊɡrɛs (2) proʊˈɡrɛs	(1) ˈprɑgrɛs (2) prəˈgrɛs	In both British and American, the noun has stress on the first syllable. The verb has stress on the second syllable.
provost^A2[137]	ˈprɒvəst	ˈproʊvoʊst
quasi-	ˈkweɪzaɪ	ˈkwɑːzɪ
quinine	ˈkwɪniːn	(1) ˈkwaɪnaɪn (2) ˈkwɪnaɪn
resource	(1) rᵻˈzɔːs (2) rᵻˈsɔːs	ˈriːsɔːrs
respiratory	rɪˈspɪrətrɪ	ˈrɛspərəˌtɔːri
respite	ˈrɛspaɪt	(1) ˈrɛspɪt (2) rᵻˈspaɪt
reveille	rɪˈvæliː	ˈrɛvəli
Rioja	riːˈɒkə	riˈoʊhɑ
risotto	rɪˈzɒtoʊ	rɪˈsɔːtoʊ
Schleswig-Holstein	ˈʃlezvɪɡ ˈhɒlˌstaɪn	ˈʃlɛswɪg ˈhoʊlˌstin
shallot	ʃəˈlɒt	ˈʃælət
Silesia	(1) saɪˈliːsiə (2) saɪˈliːziə	(1) sɪˈliʃə (2) sɪˈliʒə
slough	slaʊ	slʌf	sense "bog"; in metaphorical sense "gloom", the BrE pronunciation is common in AmE. Homograph "cast off skin" is /slʌf/ everywhere.
surrogate^A2	(1) ˈsʌrəɡɪt (2) ˈsʌrəˌɡeɪt	(1) ˈsɜːrəgɪt (2) ˈsɜːrəˌgeɪt
thorough^A2	ˈθʌrə	ˈθɜːroʊ
timbale	tæmˈbɑːl	ˈtɪmbəl
Tunisia	tjuːˈnɪziə	(1) tuˈniʒə (2) tuˈniʃə
vase^A2[138]	vɑːz	(1) veɪs (2) veɪz
Z (the letter)	zɛd	ziː	The spelling of this letter as a word corresponds to the pronunciation: thus Commonwealth (including, Canada) zed and U.S. zee.

Notes

1. For "dam (barrier)": AmE /ˈbɑːrɪdʒ/
2. US ⁱ/bəˈreɪ/, UK /ˈbɛreɪ/
3. AmE /buːˈfɑːnt/, BrE /ˈbuːfɒ̃/
4. AmE ⁱ/broʊˈʃʊr/, BrE (1) /ˈbroʊʃə/ (2) /brɒˈʃʊə/
5. BrE (1) /ˈbʊfeɪ/ (2) /ˈbʌfeɪ/
6. BrE (1) / ˈdeɪbriː/ (2) /ˈdɛbriː/
7. BrE /ˈflɒmbeɪ/
8. BrE also /ˈɡærɪdʒ/, esp. for "petrol garage"/"gas station"^[8]
9. AmE /læˈmeɪ/, BrE /ˈlɑːmeɪ/
10. AmE /pæˈstiːl/
11. AmE /pɑːˈteɪ///pæˈteɪ/, BrE /ˈpæteɪ/
12. AmE alsom /ˈsɔːrbɪt/
13. BrE /ˈmɒneɪ/, AmE /moʊˈneɪ/, French: [mɔnɛ]
14. French: [reno]
15. French: [ʁɛ̃bo]
16. BrE /fɪˈɒnseɪ/
17. The British variant is sometimes discouraged; see pronunciation note in reference.
18. Only middle vowel reduced in the BrE pronunciations.
19. The last vowel is often reduced in BrE. AmE only reduces the middle one.
20. The British is typically [ɹɪˈneɪs(ə)ns] and the American [ˈɹɛnəsɑns] or even [ɹɛnəˈsɑns]
21. Also / ˌtɜːrdʒɪˈvɜːrseɪt/
22. The American variant is sometimes discouraged; see pronunciation note in reference.
23. AmE (1) /ˈmɑːrʃˌmɛloʊ/ AmE (2) & BrE /-mæloʊ/
24. AmE /ˈmɪsəˌleɪni/
25. AmE also /ˈdoʊ/
26. AmE also /ˈsɛnaɪl/
27. The 2007 update to the Oxford English Dictionary gives only /iːn/ for the British pronunciation of pristine.
28. AmE also /ˈstrætʌm/
29. BrE also /rɔːθ/ Scottish English /ræθ/
30. BrE also /kʊəˈʒɛt/
31. BrE also /ɒl/
32. AmE also /də/
33. AmE also /pɔːlˈmɔːl/
34. BrE also /ˈnʌɡᵻt/
35. AmE also /sɔːrˈbeɪ/

References

1. "Unsourced words: Random House (AmE) & Collins (further down, BrE).)". Dictionary.com.
2. "Unsourced words: Oxford Dictionary of English (BrE).)". Oxford Dictionaries.
3. "brevet (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
4. "brochure (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
5. "buffet". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
6. "canard". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
7. "chiffon". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
8. Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition
9. "BrE pronunciation". Oxford Dictionaries.
10. "soupçon". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
11. "Dijon (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."Dijon (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
12. "Dumas (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."Dumas (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
13. "Manet (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."Manet (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
14. "Monet (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
15. "Renault (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."Renault (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
16. "Rimbaud (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."Rimbaud (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
17. "démodé (BrE)". Macmillan Dictionary."démodé (AmE)". Macmillan Dictionary.
18. "decade (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
19. "liaison (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
20. "cremate (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
21. "striate (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
22. "vacate (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
23. "migratory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
24. "vibratory (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
25. "remonstrate (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
26. "tergiversate". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries."tergiversate (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
27. "celebratory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
28. "compensatory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
29. "participatory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
30. "regulatory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
31. "compensatory (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
32. "laboratory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries."laboratory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
33. "kilometre (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
34. Wells, J.C. "Whatever happened to Received Pronunciation?".
35. "guffaw (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
36. "medullary (BrE)". Cambridge Dictionaries.
37. "patronal (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
38. "spreadeagled (BrE)". Cambridge Dictionaries.
39. "obscurantism". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
40. "military (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."military (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
41. "inventory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."inventory (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
42. "testimony". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
43. "innovative". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
44. "library". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
45. "primary". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries."primary (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
46. "rosemary". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
47. "necessarily (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
48. "ductile (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
49. "mobile (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
50. "utile (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."utile (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
51. "projectile (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
52. "mobile (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
53. "rutile (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
54. "All (unsourced) words, AmE pronunciation". Dictionary.com.
55. "labyrinthine (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
56. "Saint (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
57. "Changing Voices: Trap Bath Split". British Library. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
58. "cadre (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."cadre (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
59. "chorale (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
60. "Colorado (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
61. "Nevada (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
62. "pajamas (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
63. "Ankara (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
64. "aqua (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
65. "goulash (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
66. "Kebab (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."Kebab (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
67. "Milan (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
68. "rallentando (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
69. "regatta (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
70. "AmE". Merriam-Webster.
71. "praline (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
72. "quagmire (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
73. "schmaltz (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
74. "aesthete (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
75. "amenity (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
76. Brown, Lesley. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
77. "era (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
78. "esoteric (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
79. "hysteria (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
80. "oestrogen (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
81. "oestrus (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
82. "predilection (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
83. "schizophrenia (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
84. "depot (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
85. "presentation (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
86. "repartee (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
87. "deity (BrE)". Cambridge Dictionaries.
88. "Haggai (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."Haggai (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
89. "renege (BrE)". Cambridge Dictionaries.
90. "accomplice (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
91. "accomplish (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
92. "baroque (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
93. "Boccherini (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
94. "cognac (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
95. "concerto grosso (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
96. "olfactory (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
97. "produce (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
98. "protege (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
99. "Provencal (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
100. "solstice (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
101. "Tolstoy (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
102. "yoghurt (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
103. "codicil (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
104. "process (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
105. "italic (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
106. "long-lived (BrE)". Macmillan Dictionary.
107. "short-lived (BrE)". Macmillan Dictionary.
108. "privacy (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
109. "tricolour (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
110. "been (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
111. "route (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
112. "covert (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
113. "melancholy (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
114. "parallelepiped (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
115. OED entry
116. "erudite (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
117. "résumé (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
118. "sandwich (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
119. "sexuality (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com."sexuality (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
120. "Jesuit (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com."Jesuit (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
121. "Dionysius (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
122. "celestial (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
123. "consortium (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
124. "sentient (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com."sentient (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
125. "commensurable (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."commensurable (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
126. Wells, John C. (1990). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Longman.
127. "chthonic (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."chthonic (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
128. "herb (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
129. "Knossos (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
130. "cosmos (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
131. "febrile (AmE)". Merriam-Webster."febrile (AmE)". Macmillan Dictionary.
132. "mama (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries."mama (AmE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
133. "moustache". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
134. "Pakistan (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
135. "phthisic (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
136. "premature". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
137. "provost (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
138. "vase (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.

Further reading

• Wells, John C. (2000). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. 2nd ed. Longman. ISBN 0-582-36468-X.
• http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/changing-voices/phonological-change/trap-bath-split/