Americans in Haiti

Americans in Haiti

Total population
(45,000)
Regions with significant populations
Port-au-Prince
Languages
American English · Haitian Creole
Religion
Protestantism · Roman Catholicism · Mormonism · Judaism
Related ethnic groups
African Americans · Canadians in Haiti

American Haitians comprise the descendants of free blacks from the United States to Haiti in the early 19th century as well as recent immigrants and expatriates as well as their locally born descendants. At the time of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, there were about 45,000 US citizens living in Haiti.^[1][2]

History

19th Century

During the Antebellum Era, many free blacks emigrated to Haiti. Although a few emigrants left for Haiti during the 1810s, it was not until 1824 that with the support of the Haitian President Jean-Pierre Boyer that emigration from the United States increased. Several thousand free blacks left for Haiti in the summer of 1824 and the flow continued until 1826 when the Haitian government stopped paying and defraying the transportation costs.

20th and 21st Century

U.S. Occupation

On July 28, 1915, the United States occupied Haiti and about 330 US Marines landed at the capital, Port-au-Prince on the authority of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson to safeguard the interests of U.S. corporations. The occupation ended on August 1, 1934 after Franklin D. Roosevelt reaffirmed an August 1933 disengagement agreement and the last contingent of U.S. Marines departed on August 15, 1934.

The Duvalier era to Present day

During the Duvalier dictatorship, many American businessmen came to Haiti with their families to start or run the assembly plants that sprang up there.^[3]

In recent years, many Americans came to the country to work for international aid and relief agencies on development projects, or at hospitals and feeding stations. Many Haitian Americans have also returned to the country. Hundreds of young children born in New York City or Miami to parents who fled Haiti under the Duvaliers and their successors have chose to return. The American expatriate community live mostly in Port-au-Prince and maintain a system of neighborhood "wardens" to act as intermediaries with the American embassy in the capital.

Notable people

• Gene H. Bell-Villada - American literary critic, novelist, translator and memoirist.
• James Theodore Holly - Protestant Episcopal missionary bishop of Haiti.
• Flo McGarrell - American artist, filmmaker, writer and arts administrator.
• Kevin Pina - American journalist, filmmaker and educator.
• Prince Saunders - African-American teacher, scholar, diplomat, and author

See also

• Haitian emigration
• Haitian Americans
• Haiti–United States relations
• Canadians in Haiti

References

1. McKinley Jr., James C. "For 45,000 Americans in Haiti, the Quake Was 'a Nightmare That's Not Ending'". New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
2. "Haiti: Should the US Evacuate American Citizens First?", Opinion Juris, 14 January 2010.
3. "Americans in Haiti Fear an InvasionThe New York Times - World, 30 July 1994.