Mărăști-class destroyer

NMS Mărăști
Class overview
Operators:	Regia Marina  Romanian Naval Forces  Soviet Navy  Spanish Navy
Succeeded by:	Regele Ferdinand class
Completed:	4
Retired:	4
General characteristics
Type:	Destroyer
Displacement:	1,410 long tons (1,430 t) standard 1,723 long tons (1,751 t) full load
Length:	94.18 m (309 ft 0 in)
Beam:	9.47 m (31 ft 1 in)
Draught:	3.5 m (11 ft 6 in)
Installed power:	5 x Thornycroft type boilers 45,000 hp (34,000 kW)
Propulsion:	2 shaft Tosi type geared turbines
Speed:	34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph)
Range:	1,700 nautical miles (3,100 km; 2,000 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement:	139
Armament:	(as modernised for Romania) 5 × 120 mm guns (2x2, 1x1) 4 × 76 mm guns (4x1) 2 × 13 mm machine guns 4 × 18 in (457 mm) torpedo tubes (2×2) 30 mines

The Mărăști class were a group of destroyers built in Italy for the Romanian Navy. The ships fought in both world wars but for different owners and had a complex history.

History

Mărăşeşti

In 1913, the Romanian government ordered a class of four large destroyers from the Pattison yard in Naples, Italy. The four ships were named Vifor, Viscol, Vârtej and Vijelia. The Italian government requisitioned the ships in 1915 upon entering the First World War, renaming them Aquila, Falco, Nibbio and Sparviero. These ships were significantly larger than contemporary Italian destroyers and were rated as Esploratori or scout cruisers. The armament comprised three single 6-inch and four 3-inch guns.

After the end of the First World War, two of the ships (Sparviero and Nibbio) were re-sold to Romania, arriving in Constanța in 1920. The other two ships were retained by Italy until sold to the Nationalist faction of Spain in 1937. The 6-inch guns proved too heavy for the Romanian Navy and were replaced by two twin 120 mm guns in powered turrets and a single 120 mm gun.

Both ships were active during the Naval war in the Black Sea in World War II. Chiefly convoying supplies between Romania, the Crimea and the Bosphorus. Mărașești sank the Soviet M-class submarine M-31 in July 1943. Both ships were surrendered to the Soviets in August 1944 on the Capitulation of Romania and were incorporated into the Black Sea Fleet as Lovkiy (Ловкий, ex-Mărăști) and Lyogkiy (Лёгкий, ex-Mărășești) but were returned to Romania in October 1945, served in Naval Forces of Romanian People's Republic under the numbers D12 and D11 and scrapped in the 1960s.

Aquila and Falco were sold to the Nationalist Spanish Navy, which, in 1937 only had one destroyer available (Velasco). They were renamed Melilla and Ceuta, and saw heavy service, in spite of their poor condition. To conceal the fact that Italy was selling ships to Franco's side, they were often referred as Velasco-Ceuta and Velasco-Melilla. After the war, they were retained by the Spanish Navy.

Ships

Ship	Launched	Commissioned	Fate
Mărăști (ex-Sparviero, ex-Vijelia)	26 March 1917	15 July 1917	Written off 1963
Mărășești (ex-Nibbio, ex-Vârtej)	30 January 1918	15 May 1918	Written off 1963

The former Aquila and Falco served in the Spanish Navy as Melilla and Ceuta until 1949

Name	Name in Italian Service	Builder	Launched	Transferred to Spain	Decommissioned	Fate
Melilla	Aquila	Patison - Naples	1916	1937	1950	Scrapped
Ceuta	Falco	Patison - Naples	1919	1937	1948	Scrapped

See also

• Romanian frigate Mărășești
• Romanian Naval Forces

References

• Whitley, M.J. (1988). Destroyers of World War 2. Cassell Publishing. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.
• Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946