Yellow pond turtle

Yellow pond turtle

Stuffed specimen of Mauremys mutica kami, exhibited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Conservation status
Endangered (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Superfamily:	Testudinoidea
Family:	Geoemydidae
Subfamily:	Geoemydinae
Genus:	Mauremys
Species:	M. mutica
Binomial name
*Mauremys mutica* (Cantor, 1842)
Synonyms^[1]
Mauremys mutica mutica Emys muticus Cantor, 1842 Emys mutica Gray, 1844 Clemmys mutica Boettger, 1888 Damonia mutica Boulenger, 1889 Clemmys schmackeri Boettger, 1894 Geoclemys mutica Siebenrock, 1909 Cathaiemys mutica Lindholm, 1931 Annamemys grochovskiae Tien, 1957 Annamemys groeliovskiae Battersby, 1960 (ex errore) Mauremys mutica McDowell, 1964 Mauremys muica Zhou & Zhou, 1991 (ex errore) Mauremys grochovskiae Iverson & McCord, 1994 Mauremys mutica mutica Yasukawa, Ota & Iverson, 1996 Cathaiemys mutica mutica Vetter, 2006 Mauremys mutica kami Mauremys mutica kami Yasukawa, Ota & Iverson, 1996 Mauremys mutica karni Ferri, 2002 (ex errore) Cathaiemys mutica kami Vetter, 2006

The yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica), is a medium-sized (to 19.5 cm), semi-aquatic turtle in the family Geoemydidae. This species has a characteristic broad yellow stripe extending behind the eye and down the neck; the carapace ranges in color from grayish brown to brown and the plastron is yellow or orange with black blotches along the outer edges.^[2] It is found in East Asia, ranging from central Vietnam, north through the coastal provinces of south and central China. Additional insular populations are found in Taiwan, Hainan, Ryukyu Islands, and Japan.^[3] The Japanese populations are believed to have been introduced as a result of imports from Taiwan.^[4]

This species inhabits ponds, creeks, swamps, marshes and other bodies of shallow, slow-moving water. It is omnivorous, feeding on insects, fish, tadpoles, and vegetable matter such as leaves and seeds. The yellow pond turtle generally remains in or close to water during the day but may become more active at night and during rainy weather, when it sometimes ventures onto land.^[4]

One subspecies, Mauremys mutica kami, is currently recognized in the Ryukyu Islands.^[4] Research has shown unexpected genetic diversity in M. mutica, raising the possibility that additional subspecies might exist. Evidence of widespread hybridization further complicates efforts to understand the genetics of this and related species.^[5] Several hybrid Asian pond turtles that were described as new species have been found to be hybrids. Fujian pond turtles (Mauremys iversoni) are hybrid specimens mainly produced in Chinese turtle farms, usually from matings between female yellow pond turtles and golden coin turtles (Cuora trifasciata) males. The supposed Mauremys pritchardi turtles are wild and captive-bred hybrids between the present species and the Chinese pond turtle (Chinemys reevesi).^[6]^[7]

The yellow pond turtle is threatened with extinction. China is the largest consumer of turtles in the world and this trade has been cited as the greatest threat to Asian turtles including M. mutica. Most of the turtle trade is destined for human consumption but traditional medicine^[8] and the pet trade are also driving demand for turtles.^[9]^[10]^[11] Habit loss and water pollution are additional impacts. The IUCN considers M. mutica an endangered species and it is listed in CITES Appendix II.^[3]

Notes

↑ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World". Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 231–232. ISSN 1864-5755. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-17. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
↑ Ernst, Turtles of the World
1 2 Asian Turtle Trade Working Group (2000)
1 2 3 Yasukawa (1996)
↑ Fong (2007)
↑ Feldman (2004)
↑ Parham (2001)
↑ Rômulo (2008)
↑ Cheung (2006)
↑ Gong (2009)
↑ Shi (2000)

References

Asian Turtle Trade Working Group (2000). "Mauremys mutica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
Cheung, S. M.; Dudgeon, D. (2006). "Quantifying the Asian turtle crisis: market surveys in southern China, 2000–2003". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 16: 751–770. doi:10.1002/aqc.803.
Ernst, C.H.; Altenburg, R.G.M.; Barbour, R.W. "Mauremys mutica". Turtles of the World. World Biodiversity Database. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Feldman, Chris R.; Parham, James F. (2004). "Molecular Systematics of Old World Stripe-Necked Turtles (Testudines: Mauremys)" (PDF). Asiatic Herpetological Research. 10: 28–37.
Fong, J. J.; et alia (2007). "A genetic survey of heavily exploited, endangered turtles: caveats on the conservation value of trade animals". Animal Conservation. 10: 452–460. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00131.x. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Gong, Shi-Pin; Chow, Alex T.; Fong, Jonathan J.; Shi, Hai-Tao (2009). "The chelonian trade in the largest pet market in China: scale, scope and impact on turtle conservation". Oryx. 43: 213–216. doi:10.1017/S0030605308000902.
Parham, James Ford; et al. (2001). "New Chinese turtles: endangered or invalid? A reassessment of two species using mitochondrial DNA, allozyme electrophoresis and known-locality specimens" (PDF). Animal Conservation. 4: 357–367. doi:10.1017/s1367943001001421.
Rômulo, Nóbrega Alves; Washington, Silva Vieira; Gindomar, Santana (2008). "Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: conservation implications". Biodiversity and Conservation. 17 (8): 2037–2049. doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9305-0.
Shi, Haitao; Parham, James Ford (2000). "Preliminary Observations of a Large Turtle Farm in Hainan Province, People's Republic of China". Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter. 3: 4–6. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
Yasukawa, Yuichirou; Ota, Hidetoshi; Iverson, John B. (1996). "Geographic Variation and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Mauremys mutica (Cantor, 1842) (Reptilia: Bataguridae), with Description of a New Subspecies from the Southern Ryukyus, Japan" (PDF). Zoological Science. 13: 303–317. doi:10.2108/zsj.13.303.
"Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica)". Wildscreen Arkive. Retrieved 26 January 2016.

External links

Wikispecies has information related to: Mauremys mutica

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mauremys mutica.

http://www.asianturtlenetwork.org/field_guide/field_guide_intro.htm

Turtle family Geoemydidae

Genus	Species of the family Geoemydidae

Batagur	Burmese roofed turtle Northern river terrapin Painted terrapin Red-crowned roofed turtle Southern river terrapin Three-striped roofed turtle

Cuora	Amboina box turtle Bourret's box turtle Indochinese box turtle McCord's box turtle Keeled box turtle Pan's box turtle Southern Vietnamese box turtle Chinese three-striped box turtle Yellow-headed box turtle Yellow-margined box turtle Yunnan box turtle Zhou's box turtle

Cyclemys	Asian leaf turtle Assam leaf turtle Eastern black-bridged leaf turtle Enigmatic leaf turtle Myanmar brown leaf turtle Oldham's leaf turtle Western black-bridged leaf turtle

Geoclemys	Black pond turtle

Geoemyda	Black-breasted leaf turtle Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle

Hardella	Brahminy river turtle

Heosemys	Arakan forest turtle Giant Asian pond turtle Spiny turtle Yellow-headed temple turtle

Leucocephalon	Sulawesi forest turtle

Malayemys	Malayan snail-eating turtle Mekong snail-eating turtle

Mauremys	Balkan pond turtle Caspian turtle Chinese pond turtle Chinese stripe-necked turtle Japanese pond turtle Red-necked pond turtle Spanish pond turtle Vietnamese pond turtle Yellow pond turtle

Melanochelys	Indian black turtle Tricarinate hill turtle

Morenia	Burmese eyed turtle Indian eyed turtle

Notochelys	Malayan flat-shelled turtle

Orlitia	Malaysian giant turtle

Pangshura	Assam roofed turtle Brown roofed turtle Indian roofed turtle Indian tent turtle

Rhinoclemmys	Black river turtle Brown wood turtle Colombian wood turtle Furrowed wood turtle Large-nosed wood turtle Maracaibo wood turtle Mexican spotted wood turtle Painted wood turtle Spot-legged turtle

Sacalia	Beal's eyed turtle Four-eyed turtle

Siebenrockiella	Black marsh turtle Philippine forest turtle

Vijayachelys	Cane turtle

Phylogenetic arrangement based on turtles of the world 2011 update: annotated checklist.

Extant turtle taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Subclass: Anapsida
Order: Chelonii or Testudines

Suborder

Superfamily

Family

Subfamily	Genus

Cryptodira

Chelydridae

	Chelydra Macrochelys

Chelonioidea

Cheloniidae

Carettinae	Caretta Lepidochelys

Cheloniinae	Chelonia Eretmochelys Natator

Dermochelyidae

	Dermochelys

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae

	Dermatemys

Kinosternidae

Kinosterninae	Kinosternon Sternotherus

Staurotypinae	Claudius Staurotypus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae

Deirochelyinae	Chrysemys Deirochelys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Trachemys

Emydinae	Clemmys Emys Glyptemys Terrapene

Geoemydidae

Geoemydinae	Batagur Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys

Rhinoclemmydinae	Rhinoclemmys

Platysternidae

	Platysternon

Testudinidae

	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis Geochelone Gopherus Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria Psammobates Pyxis Stigmochelys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae

	Carettochelys

Trionychidae

Cyclanorbinae	Cyclanorbis Cycloderma Lissemys

Trionychinae	Amyda Apalone Chitra Dogania Nilssonia Palea Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx

Pleurodira

Chelidae

Chelinae	Acanthochelys Chelus Mesoclemmys Phrynops Platemys Rhinemys

Chelodininae	Chelodina Elseya Elusor Emydura Flaviemys Myuchelys Pseudemydura Rheodytes

Hydromedusinae	Hydromedusa

Pelomedusidae

	Pelomedusa Pelusios

Podocnemididae

	Erymnochelys Peltocephalus Podocnemis

Phylogenetic arrangement based on turtles of the world 2012 update: annotated checklist. Extinct turtles not included.

Portal Book See also List of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers	EoL: 458419 GBIF: 2443393 ITIS: 551932 IUCN: 39613 NCBI: 74926 Fossilworks: 137548 Species+: 8477

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