Ataxite

Ataxite
— Structural class —
Chinga meteorite is an ataxite.
Group	IVB or "Iron, ungrouped", occasionally IAB or others
Composition	Mainly Meteoric iron, nickel (>18%), no Widmanstätten patterns
A phase diagram showing the link between structural and chemical classification.

The Santiago Papasquiero meteorite, an ataxite found in 1958 in Durango, Mexico. It consists of a finely crystalline mix of kamacite & taenite, plus other minor minerals. Santiago Papasquiero is a strange ataxite that appears to be a completely metamorphosed and recrystallized octahedrite. Field of view ~2.5 cm across. This is a cut, polished, nitric acid-etched surface.

Ataxites (from Greek meaning "without structure") are a structural class of iron meteorites with a high nickel content and show no Widmanstätten patterns upon etching.

Characteristics

Ataxites are composed mainly of meteoric iron, a native metal found in meteorites that consists of the mineral taenite with minor amounts of plessite, troilite, and microscopic lamellae of kamacite. Ataxites are the most nickel-rich meteorites known; they usually contain over 18% nickel.^[1] The high nickel content is the reason that they do not develop a Widmanstätten structure, because in this case kamacite can be exsolved from taenite only at such a low temperature (below about 600°C) where diffusion is already too slow.^[2]

Classification

Most ataxites belong to the IVB group or are classified as "Iron, ungrouped" because they do not fit in any of the groups currently recognized by meteorite classification. Some ataxites belong to the IAB group and fall into the sHL (high-Au, low-Ni subgroup), sLH (low-Au, high-Ni subgroup), sHH (high-Au, high-Ni subgroup) and "ung" subgroup (does not fit any subgroup of IAB). Only a couple of ataxites have been classified into the IAB complex and the IIF, IVA, IIAB, IIIAB groups.^[3]

Abundance

They are a rare class, with none of the about 50 observed iron meteorite falls being an ataxite, however, the largest meteorite ever, the Hoba meteorite (found 1920 in Namibia, weight 60 tons), belongs to this class. A Tibetan Buddhist statue, the Iron Man, was likely carved from an ataxite meteorite. It might even be made from a fragment of the Chinga meteorite.^[4][5] Other examples of ataxites are the Dronino meteorite and pieces of the Gebel Kamil.

See also

• Glossary of meteoritics

References

1. Vagn F. Buchwald, Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press, 1975
2. F. Heide, F. Wlotzka, Meteorites, Messengers from Space, Springer-Verlag 1995, page 143
3. "Meteoritical Bulletin Database". Meteoritical Society. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
4. "ncient Buddhist Statue Made of Meteorite, New Study Reveals". Science Daily. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
5. BUCHNER, Elmar; SCHMIEDER, Martin; KURAT, Gero; BRANDSTÄTTER, Franz; KRAMAR, Utz; NTAFLOS, Theo; KRÖCHERT, Jörg (1 September 2012). "Buddha from space-An ancient object of art made of a Chinga iron meteorite fragment*". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 47 (9): 1491–1501. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01409.x.