Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants

Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants, also known as Shoenfeld's syndrome or ASIA, is an alleged autoimmune disorder first proposed by Israeli immunologist Yehuda Shoenfeld in 2011.[1] According to Shoenfeld, the syndrome includes four conditions: post-vaccination symptoms, macrophagic myofasciitis, Gulf war syndrome, and siliconosis.[2] Shoenfeld alleges that the syndrome is caused by adjuvants such as silicone, tetramethylpentadecane, pristane, and aluminum.[3] However, causality is difficult to prove because ASIA only occurs in a small fraction of patients exposed to these adjuvants.[4] Shoenfeld has also named Sjögren's syndrome as potentially being another facet of ASIA.[5] In 2013, the authors of a textbook on autoimmune diseases concluded that "there exists persuasive evidence for ASIA," but noted that several academic and governmental agencies had dismissed the possibility of a link between silicone and autoimmune disease.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Shoenfeld, Yehuda (2013). "Video Q&A: what is ASIA? An interview with Yehuda Shoenfeld". BMC Medicine. 11 (1): 118. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-118.
  2. ↑ Vera-Lastra, O; Medina, G; Cruz-Dominguez Mdel, P; Jara, LJ; Shoenfeld, Y (April 2013). "Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld's syndrome): clinical and immunological spectrum.". Expert review of clinical immunology. 9 (4): 361–73. doi:10.1586/eci.13.2. PMID 23557271.
  3. ↑ Perricone, Carlo; Colafrancesco, Serena; Mazor, Roei D.; Soriano, Alessandra; Agmon-Levin, Nancy; Shoenfeld, Yehuda (December 2013). "Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) 2013: Unveiling the pathogenic, clinical and diagnostic aspects". Journal of Autoimmunity. 47: 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2013.10.004.
  4. ↑ West, Sterling (2014). Rheumatology Secrets. Elsevier. p. 597.
  5. ↑ Colafrancesco, S.; Perricone, C.; Priori, R.; Valesini, G.; Shoenfeld, Y. (June 2014). "Sjögren's syndrome: Another facet of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA)". Journal of Autoimmunity. 51: 10–16. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.03.003.
  6. ↑ The Autoimmune Diseases: 5th Edition. The Academic Press. 2013. pp. 1127–1128.
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