List of battery sizes

4.5-volt, D, C, AA, AAA, AAAA, A23, 9-volt, CR2032 and LR44 batteries

This article lists the sizes, shapes, and general characteristics of some common primary and secondary battery types in household and light industrial use.

Historically the term "battery" referred to a collection of electrochemical cells connected in series,[1] however in modern times the term has come to refer to any collection of cells packaged in a container with external connections provided to power electrical devices,[2] leading to the variety of standardized form factors available today.

The long history of disposable dry cells means that many different manufacturer-specific and national standards were used to designate sizes, long before international standards were agreed upon. Technical standards for battery sizes and types are published by standards organizations such as International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Many popular sizes are still referred to by old standard or manufacturer designations, and some non-systematic designations have been included in current international standards due to wide use.

The complete nomenclature for the battery will fully specify the size, chemistry, terminal arrangements and special characteristics of a battery. The same physically interchangeable cell size or battery size may have widely different characteristics; physical interchangeability is not the sole factor in substitution of batteries.

Standardization

Main article: Battery nomenclature

The current IEC standards for portable primary (non-rechargeable) batteries bear the 60086 number. The relevant US standards are the ANSI C18 series, which are developed by a committee of the US National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA).

Both standards have several parts covering general principles, physical specifications and safety. Designations by IEC and ANSI standards do not entirely agree, although harmonization is in progress. Manufacturers further have their own systematic identification of cell types, so cross-reference tables are useful to identify equivalent types from different manufacturers. [3]

Lead-acid automotive starting, lighting and ignition batteries have been standardized according to IEC standard 60095 and in North America by standards published by BCI.

Non-standard brand-specific names

Manufacturers may assign proprietary names and numbers to their batteries, disregarding common, colloquial, IEC, and ANSI naming conventions (see LR44 battery as an example). Often this is done to steer customers towards a specific brand, and away from competing or generic brands, by obfuscating the common name. For example, if a remote control needs a new battery and the battery compartment has the label, "Replace with CX472 type battery," many customers will buy that specific brand, not realizing that this is simply a brand name for a common type of battery. For example, British standard "U" series batteries were often sold under manufacturer prefixes such as "C", "SP", "HP", etc.; Ever Ready sold "U2" (D) batteries as "SP2" (standard-duty zinc carbon) and "HP2" (heavy duty zinc chloride).

On the other hand, with obscure battery types the designation assigned by a specific brand will sometimes become the most common name for that battery type, as other manufacturers copy or modify the name so that customers recognize it.

Battery chemistry

The terminal voltage of a battery cell depends on the chemicals and materials used in its construction, and not on its physical size. For example, primary (non-rechargeable) alkaline batteries have a nominal voltage of 1.5 volts. Rechargeable NiCd (nickel cadmium) and NiMH (nickel metal hydride) typically output 1.25 volts per cell. Devices intended for use with primary batteries may not operate properly with these cells, given the reduction in voltage.

Dry Leclanche (carbon-zinc), alkaline and lithium batteries are the most common modern types. Mercury batteries had stable cell terminal voltages around 1.35 volts. From the late 1940s until the mid-1990s, mercury batteries were made in many consumer and industrial sizes. They are no longer available since careless disposal can release toxic mercury into the environment. They have been replaced by zinc-air batteries, which also produce 1.35 volts.

The full battery designation identifies not only the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the chemistry (and therefore the voltage per cell) and the number of cells in the battery. For example, a CR123 battery is always Li-MnO2 ('lithium') chemistry, in addition to its unique size.

The following tables give the common battery chemistries for the current common sizes of batteries. See Battery Chemistries for a list of other electrochemical systems.

Physical interchangeability

Cylindrical cells typically have a positive terminal nub at one end, and a flat negative terminal at the other. A cell with a nub on the positive terminal is called a button-top, and a cell without a positive nub is called a flat-top. Two different cells of the same nominal size, e.g. two 18650 cells, may have different diameter buttons if made by different manufacturers, and this can lead to incompatibility with devices. Flat-top cells cannot be used in series without modification or soldering into position, because the flat positive terminal of one cell cannot contact with the next cell's negative terminal. Rarely however, a manufacturer may include tiny bumps on the negative terminal, so flat-tops can be used in series.

It is important to check the battery contacts in a device before attempting to install cells, because some will not work with flat-tops or with button-tops whose buttons are the wrong diameter. Some devices have a small bump or spring where the positive terminal of the cell connects, and this allows the use of either button- or flat-top cells. Other devices have a flat area that can only be contacted by a button-top. To prevent damage if a cell is inserted backwards, some devices have a raised plastic ring around the positive contact. This stops the flat negative end of a cell from connecting accidentally, but also stops the positive end of a flat-top or of a button-top with too large a button from connecting.

Cylindrical batteries

These are all round batteries with height greater than their diameter. In zinc-carbon or alkaline types they produce around 1.5 volts per cell when fresh. Other types produce other voltages per cell (as low as 1.2 volts for rechargeable nickel-cadmium, up to around 3 volts for lithium/manganese dioxide). This form has a positive nub terminal at the cap of the cell, and the negative terminal at the bottom of the can; the side of the can is not used as a terminal.

Most common
name / image		 Other common names IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Nominal
voltage		 Size, dia. × h.
mm		 Comments
½AA
 SAFT LS14250
Tadiran TL5101
UL142502P		 CR14250 (Li‑MnO2)
ER14250 (Li‑SOCl2)		 850–1200 3 V(Li‑SOCl2)
3.6 V(Li‑MnO2)		 14.5 × 24 Same diameter as AA battery, used in small electronics, including pulse oximeters, as well as use in some computer models (such as most pre-Intel Macintosh models and some older IBM PC compatibles) as the CMOS battery. Also used in US military MILES gear and DAGR.
AAAA
 MX2500
Mini
UM 6 (JIS)		 LR8D425 (alkaline)
LR61
 25A (alkaline) 625 (alkaline) 1.5 V 8.3 × 42.5 Sometimes used in pen flashlights, laser pointers, powered styluses, calculators, fishing lures, or electronic glucose meters.
AAA
 U16 or HP16 (In Britain until the 1980s)
Micro
Microlight
MN2400
MX2400
MV2400
Type 286 (Soviet Union/Russia)
UM 4 (JIS)[4] 単4
#7 (China)
6135-99-117-3143 (NSN)		 LR03 (alkaline)
R03 (carbon–zinc)
FR03 (Li–FeS2)
HR03 (NiMH)
KR03 (NiCd)
ZR03 (NiOOH)		 24A (alkaline)
24D (carbon–zinc)
24LF (Li–FeS2)		 1200 (alkaline)
540 (carbon–zinc)
800–1000 (NiMH)		 1.5 V
10.5 × 44.5
(0.41 × 1.75)
 Introduced 1911, but added to ANSI standard in 1959
AA
 U12 or HP7 (In Britain until the 1980s)
Pencil-sized
Penlight
Mignon
MN1500
MX1500
MV1500
Type 316 (Soviet Union/Russia)
UM 3 (JIS) 単3
#5 (China)
6135-99-052-0009 (NSN)(carbon-zinc)
6135-99-195-6708 (NSN)(alkaline)		 LR6 (alkaline)
R6 (carbon–zinc)
FR6 (Li–FeS2)
HR6 (NiMH)
KR6 (NiCd)
ZR6 (NiOOH)		 15A (alkaline)
15D (carbon–zinc)
15LF (Li–FeS2)
1.2H2 (NiMH)
1.2K2 (NiCd)		 2700 (alkaline)
1100 (carbon–zinc)
3000 (Li–FeS2)
1700–2700 (NiMH)
600–1000 (NiCd)		 1.5 V
14.5 × 50.5
(0.57 × 1.99)
 Introduced 1907, but added to ANSI standard sizes in 1947
A
 R23 (carbon‑zinc)
LR23 (alkaline)		 1.5 V 17 × 50 More common as a NiCd or NiMH cell size than a primary size, popular in older laptop batteries and hobby battery packs.
Various fractional sizes are also available e.g. 2/3A and 4/5 A.
B
 U10 (UK, pre‑1980s)
336 (Russian Federation)		 R12 (carbon‑zinc)
LR12 (alkaline)		 8350 (alkaline) 1.5 V 21.5 × 60 Most commonly found within a European 4.5 volt lantern battery.
Historically available in UK as a 2 cell battery type 'No 8' for bijou size torches.
Not to be confused with the vacuum tube B battery.
C
 U11 or HP11 (In Britain until the 1980s)
MN1400
MX1400
Baby
Type 343 (Soviet Union/Russia)
BA-42 (US Military Spec WWII–1980s)
UM 2 (JIS) 単2
#2 (China)
6135-99-199-4779 (NSN)(carbon-zinc)
6135-99-117-3212 (NSN)(alkaline)
 LR14 (alkaline)
R14 (carbon–zinc)
HR14 (NiMH)
KR14 (NiCd)
ZR14 (NiOOH)		 14A (alkaline)
14D (carbon–zinc)		 8000 (alkaline)
3800 (carbon–zinc)
4500–6000 (NiMH)		 1.5 V
26.2 × 50
(1.03 × 1.97)
 Can be replaced with AA cell using plastic "sabot" (size adaptor), with proportional loss of capacity.
Sub-C
 Type 323 (Soviet
 Union/Russian Federation)		 KR22C429 (NiCd)
HR22C429 (NiMH)		 1200–2400 (NiCd)
1800–5000 (NiMH)		 22.2 × 42.9 A common size for cordless tool battery packs. This size is also used in radio-controlled scale vehicle battery packs.
1/2-, 4/5- and 5/4-sub-C sizes (differing in length) are also available.
D
 U2 or HP2 (In Britain until the 1980s)
Flashlight Battery
MN1300
MX1300
Mono
Goliath

Type 373 (Soviet Union/Russia)
BA-30 (US Military Spec WWII–1980s)
UM 1 (JIS) 単1
#1 (China)
6135-99-464-1938 (NSN)(carbon-zinc)
6135-99-109-9428 (NSN)(alkaline)
 LR20 (alkaline)
R20 (carbon–zinc)
HR20 (NiMH)
KR20 (Ni-Cd)
ZR20 (NiOOH)		 13A (alkaline)
13D (carbon–zinc)		 12000 (alkaline)
8000 (carbon–zinc)
2200–11000 (NiMH)
2000-5500 (NiCd)		 1.5 V
34.2 × 61.5
(1.35 × 2.42)
 Introduced 1898 as the first flashlight battery.
F
 R25 (carbon‑zinc)
LR25 (alkaline)		 60 10500 (carbon‑zinc)
26000 (alkaline)		 33 × 91 Four "F" Cells are often found within 6 volt rectangular lantern batteries.
N
 Lady
MN9100
UM-5 (JIS)
E90
6135-99-661-4958 (NSN)
 LR1 (alkaline)
R1 (carbon‑zinc)
HR1 (NiMH)
KR1 (NiCd)		 910A (alkaline)
910D (carbon‑zinc)		 800–1000 (alkaline)
400 (carbon‑zinc)
350–500 (NiMH)		 12 × 30.2 Rechargeable nickel–cadmium and nickel–metal hydride are far less common than other rechargeable sizes.[5]
Mercury batteries of the same dimensions are no longer manufactured.
A23
 V23GA
23A
23AE
MN21
L1028
8LR23
LRV08
LR23A		 8LR932 (alkaline) 1811A (alkaline) 55 (alkaline) 12 V 10.3 × 28.5 Used in small RF devices such as key fob-style garage door openers, wireless doorbells, and keyless entry systems where only infrequent pulse current is used.
Usually contains a stack of eight LR932 button cells shrink wrapped together.
A27
 GP27A
MN27
L828
27A		 8LR732 (alkaline) 22 (alkaline) 12 V 8 × 28 Used in small RF devices such as car alarm remote controls. Can also be found in some cigarette lighters. May be made of eight LR632 cells.
BA5800 BA5800/U (Li‑SOCl2)
BA5800A/U (Li‑SO2)
 7500 (Li‑SO2) Li‑SO2:
5.3 V		 35.5 × 128.5 Has both terminals at the same end and is roughly the size of two stacked D cells. Used in military hand-held devices such as the PLGR.
Duplex
 Ever Ready No. 8 2R10 3 V 21.8 × 74.6 Internally contains two 1.5 V cells hence the nickname 'Duplex'
In Switzerland as of 2008, 2R10 batteries accounted for 0.003% of primary battery sales.[6]
4SR44
 PX28A
A544
K28A
V34PX		 4LR44 (alkaline) 110–150 (alkaline)
170‑200 (silver‑oxide)		 alkaline:
6.2 V
silver‑oxide:
6.5 V		 13 × 25.2 Used in film cameras, blood glucose meters, medical instruments, dog training devices. Often simply a stack of four SR44 (LR44) button cells shrink wrapped together

Rectangular batteries

Most common
name / image		 Other common
names		 IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Nominal
voltage (V)		 Terminal layout Dimensions
(mm)		 Comments
4.5-volt
 Pocketable battery
4.5V
MN1203
Type 3336 (Soviet Union/Russia)		 3LR12 (alkaline)
3R12 (carbon‑zinc)		 3LR12 (alkaline)
3R12 (carbon‑zinc)		 6100 (alkaline)
1200 (carbon‑zinc)		 Alkaline carbon‑zinc
(3 cells): 4.5		 Two 6–7 mm wide metal strips
(+) : Shorter strip
(−) : Longer strip		 H: 67
L: 62
W: 22		 This battery, introduced in 1901, was very common in continental Europe until the 1970s. In Switzerland as of 2008, 4.5-volt batteries account for only 1% of primary battery sales.[7]
9-volt or E[8]
 PP3
Radio battery
Smoke alarm battery
Square battery
Transistor battery
006P
MN1604
Type Krona (Soviet Union/Russia)		 6LR61 (alkaline)
6F22 (carbon‑zinc)
6KR61 (NiCd)
6HR61 (NiMH)		 1604A (alkaline)
1604D (carbon‑zinc)
1604LC (lithium)
7.2H5 (NiMH)
11604 (NiCd)
1604M (mercury,
 obsolete)[9]		 565 (alkaline)
400 (carbon‑zinc)
1,200 (lithium)
175–300 (NiMH)
120 (NiCd)
500 (lithium polymer
rechargeable)
580 (mercury,
 obsolete)		 Alkaline carbon‑zinc
(6 cells): 9
Lithium
(3 cells): 9
NiMH / NiCd
(6, 7 or 8 cells):
7.2, 8.4 or 9.6

[10]

 Both on same end
(+) : male clasp
(−) : female clasp		 H: 48.5
L: 26.5
W: 17.5		 Added to ANSI standard in 1959
Often contains six LR61 cells, which are similar to and often interchangeable with AAAA cells.
6-volt Lantern (Spring)
 Lantern
6 volt
Spring top
MN908
996 or PJ996
Energizer 529		 4LR25Y (alkaline)
4R25 (carbon‑zinc)		 908A (alkaline)
908D (carbon‑zinc)		 26,000 (alkaline)
10,500 (carbon‑zinc)		 Alkaline carbon‑zinc
(4 cells): 6		 Springs Top
(+) : corner spring
(−) : center spring		 H: 115
L: 68.2
W: 68.2		 Spring terminals,

Usually contains four F cells.

Lantern (Screw)
 Lantern
6 volt
Screw Top
6135-99-645-6443 (NSN)
 4R25X (carbon‑zinc)
4LR25X (alkaline)		 915 (carbon‑zinc)
915A (alkaline)		 10,500 (carbon‑zinc)
26,000 (alkaline)		 6 Screw posts on top of battery.
+ Corner,
− Center.
Maximum diameter of the posts is 3.5 mm.		 H 109.5
L 66.7
W 66.7		 Used in locations susceptible to high vibration/shock where connectors may be knocked off the terminals.
Lantern (Big)
 918
R25-2
Big Lantern
Double Lantern
MN918
Energizer 521		 4R25-2 (carbon‑zinc)
4LR25-2 (alkaline)		 918A 22,000 (carbon‑zinc)
52,000 (alkaline)		 6 Screw posts on top of battery.
Marked only, no physical keying for polarity.
Maximum diameter of the posts is 4.2 mm spaced 75 mm apart.		 H 125.4
L 132.5
W 73		 Used in locations susceptible to high vibration/shock where connectors may be knocked off the terminals.
J
 7K67  4LR61 (alkaline) 1412A (alkaline) 625 (alkaline) 6 6.5 mm² flat contacts,
− Top side,
+ Chamfered corner		 H 48.5
L 35.6
W 9.18		 Typically used in applications where the device in question must be flat, or where one should not be able to insert the battery in reverse polarity, such as a blood glucose meter or blood pressure cuff. Also good for elderly persons, due to its large size.
Often contains four LR61 cells, which are similar to and often interchangeable with AAAA cells.

Camera batteries

Digital and film cameras often use specialized primary batteries to produce a compact product. Flashlights and portable electronic devices may also use these types.

Image Most
common
name		 Other common names IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Nominal voltage (V) Shape Terminal layout Dimensions Comments

(AA battery to scale)		 CR123A Camera Battery
2/3A
123
CR123
17345
16340
CR-123A
6135-99-851-1379 (NSN)		 CR17345 (lithium) 5018LC (lithium) 1500 (lithium)
700 (Li–ion rechargeable)		 3 (lithium)
3.6 (Li-ion)		 Cylinder + Nub cylinder end,
− Flat opposite end		 H 34.5 mm
Ø 17 mm[11]		 A lithium primary battery, not interchangeable with zinc types.
A rechargeable lithium-polymer version is available in the same size and is interchangeable in some uses.
According to consumer packaging, replaces (BR)2/3A.
In Switzerland as of 2008, these batteries accounted for 16% of lithium camera battery sales.[6] Used in flashlights.

(AA battery to scale)		 CR2 15270 (Li-Ion Rechargeable, 800 mA)

15266 (Li-Ion, 600 mA)
6135-99-606-3982 (NSN)

 CR15H270[12] 5046LC 750 (lithium)

600/800 (Li-Ion types)

 3 (lithium)
3.6 (Li-ion)		 Cylinder + Nub cylinder end,
− Flat opposite end		 H 27 mm
Ø 15.6 mm		 Standard Discharge Current: 10 mA
A common battery type in cameras and photographic equipment.
In Switzerland as of 2008, these batteries accounted for 6% of lithium camera battery sales.[6]

(AA battery to scale)		 2CR5 EL2CR5
DL245
RL2CR5
6135-99-577-2940 (NSN)
 2CR5 5032LC[13] 1500 6 Double cylinder.
Keyed.		 Both on one end.
Terminal centre spacing 16 mm.		 H 45 mm
L 34 mm
W 17 mm		 Commonly used in film and digital cameras. Shaped so that it can be inserted into a battery compartment only one way.
In Switzerland as of 2008, these batteries accounted for 1% of lithium camera battery sales.[6]

(AA battery to scale)		 CR-P2 BR-P2
223A
CR17-33
5024LC		 CR-P2 5024LC[14] 1500 6 Double cylinder. Keyed. Both on one end.
Terminal diameter: 8.7 mm.
Terminal centre spacing: 16.8 mm.		 H 36 mm
L 35 mm
W 19.5 mm		 Shaped so that it can be inserted into a battery compartment only one way.
Typical mass 37 g.
They contain two 3 V batteries exchangeable with CR123 batteries.

(AA battery to scale)		 CR-V3 CRV3
RCR-V3 (Li-ion)		 5047LC
5047LF (primary)[15]		 3000 (lithium)
1300 (Li-ion)		 3 (lithium)
3.6 (Li-ion)		 Double cylinder flat pack.
Keyed.		 Both on one end H 52.20 mm
L 28.05 mm
W 14.15 mm		 The same size as two R6 (AA) cells side by side. A rechargeable type is also made in this size.
May be used in some devices not explicitly designed for CR-V3, especially digital cameras.

Button cells - coin, watch

See also: Button cell

Lithium cells

Coin cells of various diameters and thicknesses.

Coin-shaped cells are thin compared to their diameter. Polarity is usually stamped on the metal casing.

The IEC prefix "CR" denotes lithium manganese dioxide chemistry. Since Li-MnO2 cells produce 3 volts there are no widely available alternative chemistries for a lithium coin battery. The "BR" prefix indicates a round lithium/carbon monofluoride cell. See lithium battery for discussion of the different performance characteristics. One Li-MnO2 cell can replace two alkaline or silver-oxide cells.

IEC designation numbers indicate the physical dimensions of the cylindrical cell. Cells less than one centimeter in height are assigned four-digit numbers, where the first two digits are the diameter in millimeters, while the last two digits are the height in tenths of millimeters. Taller cells are assigned five-digit numbers, where the first two digits are the diameter in millimeters, followed by the last three digits indicating the height in tenths of millimeters.

All these lithium cells are rated nominally 3 volts (on-load), with open circuit voltage about 3.6 volts. Manufacturers may have their own part numbers for IEC standard size cells. The capacity listed is for a constant resistance discharge down to 2.0 volts per cell.[16]

IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Standard discharge current
(mA)		 Dimensions
d. × h.
(mm)		 Comments
CR927 30  9.5 × 2.7 Used extensively in blinkies. Also used in some LEGO toys.
CR1025 5033LC 30  0.1 10 × 2.5
CR1130 70 11.5 x 3.0 [17] A rare battery, sometimes used in car security (car alarm/keyfob batteries), organizer (backup battery for PDA such as Psion etc.), and glucometer equipment. [Also some pedometers.]

also k.a DL1130, BR1130, KL1130, L1130, ECR1130, KCR1130, E-CR1130, KECR1130

[18]

CR1216 5034LC 25  0.1 12.5 × 1.6 Used in some lighted watches and some LED decorator lights (electronic tea candles).
CR1220 5012LC 35–40 0.1 (CR)
0.03 (BR)		 12.5 × 2.0 Used in keychain LED flashlights. Sometimes used instead of CR2032 in electronic tea lights.
CR1225 5020LC 50  0.2 12.5 × 2.5 Maximum discharge current: 1 mA. Maximum pulse discharge current: 5 mA.
CR1616 50–55 0.1 16 × 1.6 Used in automobile key remotes and in Game Boy cartridges (for powering the RAM for saved games).
CR1620 5009LC 75–78 0.1 16 × 2.0 Used in automobile key remotes and early digital watches.
CR1632 140 
120 (BR)		 0.1 (CR)
0.03 (BR)		 16 × 3.2 Used in automobile key remotes. (e.g., Toyota Prius 2012)
CR2012 55  0.1 20 × 1.2
CR2016 5000LC 90  0.1 (CR)
0.03 (BR)		 20 × 1.6 Frequently used in digital watches. Often used in pairs instead of CR2032 for devices that require more than 3 V, like blue/white LED flashlights.
CR2020 115-125 20 × 2
CR2025 5003LC 160–165 0.2 20 × 2.5 Frequently used in digital watches and automobile remotes. Also in Fitbit Zip.
CR2032 5004LC 225 (CR)
190 (BR)		 0.2 (CR)
0.03 (BR)		 20 × 3.2 Maximum discharge current: 3 mA. Maximum pulse discharge current: 15 mA. Commonly used on computer Motherboards as Nonvolatile BIOS memory and Real-time clock (RTC) backup batteries.

This is also the most common lithium cell. Weights around 2.9 gram [19]

CR2040 ? 280 ? 20 × 4.0 3V. Used in Skytronic PRO Audible Altimeter but also flow meters and organizers (as a memory backup battery). Has become obsolete and hard to find. Other names are BR2040, DL2040, ECR2040, E-CR2040, KCR2040, KECR2040, KL2040, L2040, L24.
CR2320 110–175 [20][21][22] 23 × 2 3 V
CR2325 165–210 23 × 2.5 The most common battery size in Soviet/Russian electronic watches, calculators and remote controls.
CR2330 265 
255 (BR)		 0.2 (CR)
0.03 (BR)		 23 × 3.0
BR2335 [23] 165 (BR) 23 × 3.5
CR2354 560  0.2 23 × 5.4
CR2412 100  0.2 24.5 × 1.2
CR2430 5011LC 270–290 24.5 × 3.0
CR2450 5029LC 610–620  24.5 × 5.0 Portable devices requiring high current (3.0 mA) and long shelf life (up to 10 years)
CR2477 1000  0.2 24.5 × 7.7 Has the highest capacity of lithium button cell batteries.
CR3032 500–560
500 (BR)		 0.1 to 0.2 (CR)
0.03 (BR)		 30.0 × 3.2 Continuous discharge current take from Panasonic Catalog.[19]
CR11108 160 11.6 × 10.8 Also called CR1/3N because it is one third the height of an alkaline N cell, and a stack of three of them will form a battery with the same dimensions as an N cell, but with 9 V terminal voltage. Such 9 V batteries in a single package do exist but are rare and only usually found in specialist applications; they can be referred to as 3CR1/3N. However 2CR1/3N, a 6 V battery consisting internally of a stack of two CR1/3N is sold by Duracell, Energizer and others.

A CR1/3N was also used by photographers instead of 2 LR44 batteries, in cameras such as the Nikon EM or FE2.

Silver oxide and alkaline cells

Round button cells have heights less than their diameter. The metal can is the positive terminal, and the cap is the negative terminal.

Button cells are commonly used in electric watches, clocks, and timers. IEC batteries that meet the international IEC 60086-3 standard for watch batteries[24] carry a "W" suffix. Other uses include calculators, laser pointers, toys, LED "blinkies", and novelties.

IEC designation numbers indicate the physical dimensions of the cylindrical cell. Cells less than one centimeter in height are assigned 4-digit numbers, where the first 2 digits are the diameter in millimeters, while the last 2 digits are the height in tenths of millimeters. Taller cells are assigned 5-digit numbers, where the first 2 digits are the diameter in millimeters, followed by the last 3 digits indicating the height in tenths of millimeters.

Assorted sizes of button and coin cells, including alkaline and silver oxide chemistries. Four rectangular 9 V batteries are also shown, for size comparison. Enlarge to see the button and coin cell size code markings.

Cell types with an IEC SR prefix use silver oxide chemistry and provide 1.55 volts, and the IEC LR prefix batteries use alkaline chemistry and provide 1.5 volts. Common manufacturer's prefixes for these two types are SG for silver oxide and AG for alkaline. Since there are no 'common' names beyond the AG designation, many vendors use these four designations interchangeably for the same sized cell.

The functional differences are that silver oxide batteries typically has 50% greater capacity than alkaline chemistry, relatively slowly declining voltage during discharge compared to alkaline types of the same size, and superior leakage resistance. The capacity of a silver battery may be as much as twice that of an alkaline. A silver cell with a flat discharge characteristic is preferable for devices that need a steady voltage, such as photographic light meters, and devices that don't operate below a certain voltage, such as some digital calipers, which don't work below 1.38 V—.

Alkaline batteries are usually cheaper than silver oxide equivalents. Inexpensive devices are sometimes supplied fitted with alkaline batteries, although they would benefit from the use of silver oxide batteries. Exhausted silver oxide cells are often recycled to recover their precious metal content, whereas depleted alkaline cells are discarded with household trash or recycled, depending on the local practices.

Mercury batteries were formerly commonly made in button sizes for watches, but due to careless disposal and the resulting mercury pollution hazard, they are no longer available. This is a concern for users of vintage camera equipment, which typically used a mercury button battery in the exposure meter for its very steady voltage characteristic.

Sizes are shown for the silver-oxide IEC number; types and capacity are identified as (L) for alkaline and (S) for silver-oxide. In some cases, sizes that originally were distinct are now interchangeable. For example, the 189/389 cell is 3.1 mm high and was designated 1131, while the 190/390 size is 3.0 mm high and was designated 1130, but these sizes are now considered equivalent.

Most
common
name		 Other common names IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Dimensions
(mm)
dia. × h.		 Comments
(L) = alkaline
(S) = silver-oxide
SR41 AG3/SG3/G3-A
LR41
192/384/392
6135-99-949-0402 (NSN)(S)
 LR736 (L)
SR736 (S)		 1135SO (S)
1134SO (S)		 25–32 (L)
38–45 (S)		 7.9 × 3.6
SR43 AG12/SG12
LR43
L1142
186/301/386
6135-99-547-0573 (NSN)(S)
 LR1142 (L)
SR1142 (S)		 1133SO (S)
1132SO (S)		 80 (L)
120–125 (S)		 11.6 × 4.2
SR44 AG13/SG13
LR44/LR154
6135-99-792-8475 (NSN)(alkaline)
6135-99-651-3240 (NSN)(S)
A76/S76/EPX76
157/303/357
1128MP, 208-904, A-76, A613, AG14,
AG-14, CA18, CA19, CR44, D76A,
G13A, G13-A, GDA76, GP76A, GPA7,
GPA75, GPA76, GPS76A, KA, KA76, AG76,
L1154, L1154C, L1154F, L1154G,
L1154H, LR44G, LR44GD, LR44H,
MS76H, PX76A, PX675A, RPX675,
RW82, SB-F9, V13G, 357A		 LR1154 (L)
SR1154 (S)		 1166A (L)
1107SO (S)
1131SOP (S)		 110–150 (L)
170–200 (S)		 11.6 × 5.4 Typical internal resistance: 8 ohms
SR45 AG9/SG9
LR45
194/394
6135-99-782-4675 (NSN)(S)
 LR936 (L)
SR936 (S)		 48 (L)
55–70 (S)		 9.5 × 3.6
SR48 AG5/SG5
LR48
L750
193/309/393		 LR754 (L)
SR754 (S)		 1136SO (S)
1137SO (S)		 52 (L)
70 (S)		 7.9 × 5.4
SR54 AG10/SG10/G10-A
LR54
189/387/389/390
LR1130/SR1130
6135-99-796-0471 (NSN)(S)
 LR1131 (L)
SR1131 (S)		 1138SO (S) 44–68 (L)
80–86 (S)		 11.6 × 3.1
SR55 AG8/SG8
LR55
191/381/391
LR1120/SR1120		 LR1121 (L)
SR1121 (S)		 1160SO (S) 40–42 (L)
55–67 (S)		 11.6 × 2.1
365,366,S16,608 SR1116SW   28-40[25][26] 11.6 × 1.65 1.55 V
SR57 AG7/SG7
LR57
195
395(low-drain)/399(high-drain)[27]
LR927/SR927
SR927W/SR927SW/GR927
6135-99-796-0471 (NSN)(S)
 LR926 (L)
SR926 (S)		 1165SO (S) 46 (L)
55–67 (S)		 9.5 × 2.6
SR58 AG11/SG11
LR58
162/361/362		 LR721 (L)
SR721 (S)		 1158SO (S) 18–25 (L)
33–36 (S)		 7.9 × 2.1
SR59 AG2/SG2
LR59
196/396/397		 LR726 (L)
SR726 (S)		 1163SO (S) 26 (L)
30 (S)		 7.9 × 2.6
SR60 AG1/SG1
LR60
164/364		 LR621 (L)
SR621 (S)		 1175SO (S) 13 (L)
20 (S)		 6.8 × 2.1
SR63 AG0/SG0
LR63
379
 LR521 (L)
SR521 (S)		 10 (L)
18 (S)		 5.8 × 2.1
SR64 LR64
319
 LR527 (L)
SR527 (S)		 12 (L)
20 (S)		 5.8 × 2.7
SR65 SR616SW
321
 LR65
Varta V321
 6.8 × 1.65
SR66 AG4/SG4
LR66
177/376/377
SR626SW		 LR626 (L)
SR626 (S)		 1176SO (S) 12–18 (L)
26 (S)		 6.8 × 2.6
SR67 315 SR716 (S) 21 (S) 7.9 × 1.65
SR68 SR916SW
373		 LR916 (L)
SR916 (S)		   26 (S) 9.5 × 1.6
SR69 AG6/SG6
LR69
171/371
LR920/SR920		 LR921 (L)
SR921 (S)		   30 (L)
55 (S)		 9.5 × 2.1
SR516 SR516SW
317		 LR516 (L)
SR516 (S)		   11 (S) 5.8 × 1.6
SR416 SR416SW
337		 LR416 (L)
SR416 (S)		   8 (S) 4.8 × 1.6
SR731 SR731SW
24
329		 LR731 (L)
SR731 (S)		   36 (S) 7.9 × 3.1
SR712 SR712SW SR712 (S)   9 (S) 7.9 × 1.3
LR932 LR932 (L)   40 (L) 9.3 × 3.2 Rarely used independently. 8 of these in series used in A23 battery.

Zinc air cells (hearing aid)

Zinc-air hearing aid batteries

Miniature zinc-air batteries are button cells that use oxygen in air as a reactant and have very high capacity for their size. Each cell needs around 1 cubic centimetre of air per minute at a 10 mA discharge rate. These cells are commonly used in hearing aids. A sealing tab keeps air out of the cell in storage; a few weeks after breaking the seal the electrolyte will dry out and the battery becomes unusable, regardless of use. Nominal voltage on discharge is 1.2 volts.

Most
common
name		 Other common names IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Dimensions
(mm)
dia. × h.		 Comments
5 AC5, ZA5 PR63 7012ZD 33 5.8 × 2.5 Marked as "discontinued" in Energizer data sheet[28]
10 yellow tab, ZA10 [29][30] PR70 7005ZD 91 5.8 × 3.6
13 orange tab, ZA13 PR48 7000ZD 280 7.9 × 5.4
312 brown tab
6135-99-752-3528 (NSN)
ZA312		 PR41 7002ZD 160 7.9 × 3.6
675 blue tab, ZA675 PR44 7003ZD 600 11.6 × 5.4
AC41E PR43 7001Z 390 11.6 × 4.2 Discontinued

Lithium-Ion batteries (rechargeable)

An 18650 size lithium ion battery, with an alkaline AA for scale

Cylindrical lithium-ion rechargeable battery

Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are generally not interchangeable with primary types using different chemistry, although certain sizes of lithium primary cells do have lithium-ion rechargeable equivalents. Most rechargeable cylindrical cells use a chemistry with a nominal voltage around 3.7 volts, but LiFePO
4 cells produce only 3.2 volts.

Lithium-ion cells are made in various sizes, often assembled into packs for portable equipment.[31] Many types are also available with an internal protection circuit to prevent over-discharge and short-circuit damage. This can increase their physical length; for example, an 18650 is around 65 mm (2.6 in) long, but may be around 68 mm (2.7 in) long with an internal protection circuit. Safe and economic recharging requires use of chargers specified for these cells. Popular applications include laptop battery packs, electronic cigarettes, flashlights, electric vehicles, and cordless power tools.

Commonly-used designation numbers indicate the physical dimensions of the cylindrical cell, in a way similar to the system used for lithium button primary cells. The larger rechargeable cells are typically assigned five-digit numbers, where the first two digits are the (approximate) diameter in millimeters, followed by the last three digits indicating the (approximate) height in tenths of millimeters.

Most common name Other common names IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity (mAh) Dimensions (max.)

dia. × l. (mm)

 Comments
10180 Lithium Ion 1/3 AAA 90 10 × 18 Sometimes called 1/3 AAA. Used in tiny flashlights
10280 Lithium Ion 2/3 AAA 200 10 × 28 Used in small flashlights
10440 Lithium Ion AAA 340 10 × 44 Same size as AAA cell.
14250 Lithium Ion 1/2 AA 300 14 × 25 Same size as 1/2 AA cell. Used in the flashlight Lummi RAW
14430 400 14 × 43 Used in solar garden lights, used in rechargeable shavers (e.g., some Philips/Norelco).
14500[32] Lithium-ion AA 700–800[33] 14 × 50 Same size as AA cell. Used in many LED flashlights.
14650 1600 14 × 65
15270 450–600 15 × 27 Substitute for CR2 primary lithium. 3 V.
16340 500–1000 16 × 34 Alternate substitute for CR123A primary lithium.[34] Unprotected. (16 × 36, some protected versions[35]).
16650 1000–2700 16 × 65 Made by Sanyo and a few Others, narrower version of 18650 cells.
RCR123A 17340, R123, RCR123, 2/3A, Tenergy 30200[36] 750 17 × 34.5 Same size as, and substitute for, CR123 primary lithium for cameras and flashlights. Size 2/3A. Protected version.
17500[37] A 1100 17.3 × 50 The same size as an A cell, and 1.5 times the length of a CR123A.
17670[38] 1250 17 × 67 2 times the length of a standard CR123A.
18350 700–1200 18 × 35 (nominal) [34]
18490 800-1300 18 x 49
18500[39] 1400 18.3 × 49.8 About the same length as an A cell, but larger diameter.
18650[40] 168A 1500–3500 18.6 × 65.2 This cell type is used in many laptop computer batteries, the Tesla Model S, electronic cigarettes,[41] and LED flashlights.[34]
19670 Protected 18650[42] 2200–3600 19 × 67 Correct designation of protected 18650.[34]
21700 20650, 21-70 4200-4800 21 × 70 Announced by Samsung[43] and LG Chem in 2015 for electric bikes.[44] To be produced at Tesla Gigafactory 1 for Tesla Model 3.[45]
25500[46] 2500–5000 24.3 × 49.2 About the same diameter as a C.
26650[47] 3300–5200 [48] 26.5 × 65.4 Popular size as[49] ANR26650 LiFePO
4 cell from A123 Systems for radio control hobby use.
32600[50] 3000–6000 32 × 61.9 About the same diameter as a D cell but longer.
32650 5000–6000 32 × 67.7 Popular in larger LED flashlights.
75400 80 - 150 7.5 × 40 Used in some cheap E cigarettes.

Obsolete batteries

These types are no longer manufactured or only used in legacy applications.

Further information on obsolete batteries may be found on the web sites of the Clasic Radio Shop in the UK and the Radiomuseum in Switzerland.

Most common
name / image		 Other common names IEC names ANSI names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Nominal voltage (V) Terminal layout Dimensions (mm) Comments
523
 PX21 3LR50 1306A 580 (alkaline) 4.5 D: 17.1
H: 49.9		 Used in cameras and Apple Macintosh computers (such as the 128K through 512K and similar).
531
 PX19 3LR50 1307AP 580 (alkaline) 4.5 D: 17.1
H: 58.3		 A 523 with snap connectors attached to either end. Used in some older cameras, notably the Polaroid Automatic Land Camera packfilm models.
No. 6
 Ignition Cell,
6135-99-114-3446 (NSN)
FLAG (in UK)
 R40 905 35000–40000
 (carbon‑zinc)		 1.5 V D: 67
H: 172		 Typical modern uses include school science experiments, and starting glow plug model engines. Still commonly used in the UK for remote level crossing telephone handsets, where solar cells and rechargeable batteries have not been specified or retrofitted. Formerly used for primary cell powered alarms (those without mains power) and associated bell ringing, servant or nursecall systems, ignition systems, telephones,[3] and (in pairs) in WWII US Navy battle lanterns.
Modern cells are more likely to be Alkaline type made from 'D' cells.
Terminals are screw posts with a maximum diameter of 4.2 mm.
+ centre, - edge.
A Battery
 Eveready 742 1.5 V Metal tabs H: 101.6
L: 63.5
W: 63.5		 used to provide power to the filament of a vacuum tube.
B Battery
 Eveready 762-S 45 V Threaded posts H: 146
L: 104.8
W: 63.5		 used in vintage vacuum tube equipment for B+.
Multiple B batteries may be connected in series to provide voltages as high as 300V DC.
Some version has several taps at 22.5 volt intervals.
GB Battery
 C Battery
Eveready 761		 1.5 to 9 V Threaded posts or banana sockets H: 76.2
L: 101.6
W: 31.75		 originally used in vintage vacuum tube equipment for grid bias.
Still popular for school science class use as a variable voltage supply as the current version has several taps at 1.5 volt intervals.
15-volt
 Eveready 504
Mallory M154
NEDA 220
Rayovac 220		 10F15 (Zn/MnO2) 220 65 15 V (10 cells) Flat round (one each end) H: 34.9
L: 15.1
W: 15.9		 Used in older instruments[51] and old Battery-capacitor flashes.
Only used in legacy applications, but as of 2016, still being manufactured.
22½-volt
 Eveready 412 15F20 (Zn/MnO2) 215 140 22.5 V (15 cells) Flat round (one each end) H: 50
L: 25
W: 15		 Used in older instruments,[52] the Regency TR-1 (first transistor radio) and old Battery-capacitor flashes.
30-volt
 Eveready 413 20F20 (Zn/MnO2) 210 140 30 V (20 cells) Flat round (one each end) H: 64
L: 25
W: 15		 Used in older instruments[53]
45-volt
 Eveready 415 30F20 (Zn/MnO2) 213 140 45 V (30 cells) Both on same end H: 91
L: 26
W: 15		 Used in older instruments[54]
67½-volt
 Eveready 416 217 140 67.5 V (45 cells) Both on same end H: 88
L: 33
W: 25		 Used in older instruments[55]

PP series

The PP battery range.

The PP (Power Pack) series was manufactured by Ever Ready in the UK (Eveready in the US). The series comprised multi-cell carbon-zinc batteries used for portable electronic devices. Most sizes are uncommon today, however the PP3 size (and to a lesser extent PP8 and PP9, which are used in electric fencing and marine applications respectively) is readily available. [56][57] All types were rectangular, except the cylindrical PP4, and most had snap terminals as seen on the common PP3 type.

Image PP series Other common names Typical capacity
(mAh)		 Nominal voltage (V) Dimensions (mm) Comments
PP1 6 H 55.6
L 65.5
W 55.6		 This battery had 2 snap connectors spaced 35.0 mm apart.
PP3 See 9-volt, above
PP4 226
NEDA 1600
IEC 6F24		 9 H 50.0
Diameter: 25.5
PP6 246
NEDA 1602
6135-99-628-2361 (NSN)
IEC 6F50-2		 850 9 H 70.0
L 36.0
W 34.5		 Centre distance between terminals is max 12.95 mm with both offset 7 mm nominal from the wider battery edge.
Mass is 120 g.
PP7 266
NEDA 1605
6135-99-914-1778 (NSN)
IEC 6F90
 2500 9 H 63
L 46
W 46		 Centre distance between terminals is max 19.2 mm.
Mass is 200 g.
PP8 SG8
"Fencer"		 6 H 200.8
L 65.1
W 51.6		 This battery typically had 2 snap connectors, however 4 connector versions are available.
They were spaced 35.0 mm apart.
This type of battery is sometimes used in electric fencing applications.
PP9 276
NEDA 1603
6135-99-945-6814 (NSN)

IEC 6F100		 5000 9 H 81.0
L 66.0
W 52.0		 This battery has 2 snap connectors spaced 35.0 mm apart.
PP10 9 H 226.0
L 66.0
W 66.0		 This battery had 2 pin connectors.
They were a single ⌀3.2 mm negative pin and a single ⌀4.0 mm positive pin spaced 13.0 mm apart.
PP11 4.5 + 4.5 H 91.3
L 65.1
W 52.4		 This battery had 4 pin connectors. 9 V was available by wiring in series.
There were two ⌀3.2 mm negative pins spaced 9.5 mm apart and two ⌀4.0 mm positive pins spaced 14.3 mm apart.
Negative and positive pins were spaced 18.1 mm apart.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electric batteries.

References

  1. ↑ Pistoia, Gianfranco (2005-01-25). Batteries for Portable Devices. Elsevier. p. 1. ISBN 0080455565. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  2. ↑ Crompton, T. R. (2000-03-20). Battery Reference Book (third ed.). Newnes. p. Glossary 3. ISBN 0080499953. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  3. 1 2 David Linden, Thomas B. Reddy (ed). Handbook of Batteries, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002 ISBN 0-07-135978-8 chapter 4
  4. ↑ Heinz Albert Kiehne, Battery technology handbook,CRC Press, 2003 ISBN 0-8247-4249-4, page 374
  5. ↑ "Rechargeable N Size Battery". Robotroom.com. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "INOBAT 2008 statistics" (PDF). Inobat.ch. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  7. ↑ "Absatzzahlen 2008" (PDF). inobat.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2012. Retrieved July 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  8. ↑ https://daily-max.en.alibaba.com/product/465337733-213594615/6LR61_9V_E_size_Alkaline_Battery.html. Retrieved 20 October 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ "Energizer : Engineering Data" (PDF). Data.energizer.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "Maha Energy". Maha Energy. Retrieved 2013-10-12.
  11. ↑ "Ultra 123 Lithium/Manganese Dioxide" (PDF). 2013-12-20. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
  12. ↑ IEC 60086-2: 2006
  13. ↑ "Energizer 1CR5" (PDF). Data.energizer.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  14. ↑ "Energizer 223" (PDF). Data.energizer.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  15. ↑ "Energizer CRV3" (PDF). Datasheet.octopart.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  16. ↑ Archived September 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ "CR1130 lithium button cell batteries. Battery equivalent to DL1130 BR1130 KL1130 L1130 ECR1130 KCR1130 E-CR1130 KECR1130". www.smallbattery.company.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
  18. ↑ "powerstream data sheet" (PDF). Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  19. 1 2 http://www.alliedelec.com/m/d/89e502b4c931e33e7d4034e06a073ef4.pdf
  20. ↑ "VARTA CR2320 BATTERY 3V LITHIUM (4008496043651)". Dealnay.com. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  21. ↑ "Varta CR2320, 06320101401: Amazon.co.uk: Electronics". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
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  23. ↑ http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/101/Catalog_Section_3-8291.pdf
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  25. ↑ "366 Silver Oxide Button Cell Battery". BatteryMart.com. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  26. ↑ "Renata 366 Watch Battery MiniPack of 1 at Battery Force". Battery-force.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  27. ↑ "Watch Battery Cross-reference Guide (Archived)" (PDF). www.energizer.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 5, 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  28. ↑ "Energizer No. AC5" (PDF). Data.energizer.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  29. ↑ Piles bouton 1.5v – piles electroniques. (n.d.)
  30. ↑ "équivalences et caractéristiques des piles". Piles bouton. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  31. ↑ "Portable battery pack manufacturing". Battery Bro. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  32. ↑ Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  33. ↑ "Panasonic : Lithium Ion UR14500P" (PDF). Industrial.panasonic.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  34. 1 2 3 4 "HDS Systems: Frequently Asked Questions - Answers to questions about our flashlights and technologies". Hdslights.com. 2005-08-13. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  35. ↑ "16340 Battery Warning!". E-cigarette-forum.com. 2009-08-21. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  36. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210024/http://www.tenergybattery.com/index.php?option=com_virtuemart&page=shop.product_details&flypage=shop.flypage&category_id=21&product_id=390&Itemid=1. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ↑ Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  38. ↑ "Lithium Ion Batteries (Individual Date Sheets) : CGR17670HC : Cylindrical Model" (PDF). Liion.narod.ru. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  39. ↑ Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  40. ↑ "Electronic Components & Solutions | Panasonic Industrial Devices" (PDF). Panasonic.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-03. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
  41. ↑ "Reddit Electronic Cigarette Wiki". reddit.com. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  42. ↑ "The Anatomy of a Protected Battery". Lygte-info.dk. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  43. ↑ "Samsung SDI Unveils E-bike Battery Capable of 100km on Single Charge". Be Korea-savvy. 26 August 2015. Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  44. ↑ "E-Bike Report From Eurobike: New Tech & New Batteries". Electric Bike Report. 10 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  45. ↑ Tesla Gigafactory tour roundup and tidbits: ‘This is the coolest factory in the world’
  46. ↑ Archived March 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  47. ↑ http://www.webcitation.org/666eWBZbx. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 12, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48. ↑ "Keeppower IMR26650 5200mAh (Black) 2014". Lygte-info.dk.
  49. ↑ "NEC Energy Solutions Battery Modules". Buya123batteries.com. 2015-01-27. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  50. ↑ Archived March 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  51. ↑ "Energizer No. 504" (PDF). Datasheet.octopart.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  52. ↑ "Energizer No. 412" (PDF). Datasheet.octopart.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  53. ↑ "Energizer No. 413" (PDF). Datasheet.octopart.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  54. ↑ "Energizer No. 415" (PDF). Datasheet.octopart.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  55. ↑ "Energizer No. 416" (PDF). Datasheet.octopart.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  56. ↑ Thomas Roy Crompton Battery Reference Book 3rd edition , Newnes, 2000, ISBN 0-7506-4625-X, page 54-11
  57. ↑ "Top". The-thompson-brown-family.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-02-23.

Further reading

External links

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