Battle of Fossalta

Battle of Fossalta
Part of Guelphs and Ghibellines

Battle of Fossalta and king Enzio captured
Date26 May 1249
LocationFossalta stream near Modena
Result Guelph victory
Belligerents
Ghibellines:
Holy Roman Empire
Cremona and Modena		 Guelphs:
Bologna
Lombard League
Commanders and leaders
Enzio of Sardinia
Buoso da Dovara		 Filippo Ugoni
Ottaviano degli Ubaldini
Antonio Lambertacci
Strength
15,000[1] 8,800[1]
Casualties and losses
Heavy[2]
Also king Enzio and 400 knights captured [3]		 Heavy[2]

The Battle of Fossalta was an episode of the War of the Guelphs and Ghibellines in Northern Italy. It took place in Fossalta, a small location on the Panaro river, and is especially remembered for the capture of Enzio of Sardinia, son of Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.

Prelude

In the spring of 1249, a Guelph Romagnol army of the Lombard League advanced to the Panaro. The army was composed of 3,000 Knights and 2,000 foot soldiers from the Margrave Azzo VII d'Este and 1,000 Knights and 800 foot soldiers of Bolognese militias from Porta Stieri, Porta San Procolo and Porta Ravegnana.[1] The army was led by the Brescian Filippo Ugoni, who had victoriously defended Milan while besieged by Emperor Frederick II, and accompanied by Ottaviano degli Ubaldini, the Cardinal of Bologna.

The Guelph army threatened the Ghibelline city of Modena and therefore the Modenese had requested help from Enzio of Sardinia, who was then imperial vicar in northern Italy, and resided at Cremona.

Enzio organised a massive army of 15,000 men, composed of Imperial Germans and Lombard Ghibellines from Cremona and Modena.[4][5] He led the army across the Po by using his self-constructed bridge at Bugno. They arrived at the Fossalta stream, some 5 km north of Modena.

Battle

Both armies faced each other for days, yet none dared to attack the other. On the 26 May 1249, Enzio ordered his troops to assume a formation, he split his army into 3 corps and positioned them into 2 lines. Ugoni divided his forces into 4 corps on a broad line.[1] Once, the 2,000 additional troops from Bologna had arrived, Ugoni charged for battle.

At dawn, the Guelph army furiously attacked Enzio, after a long struggle, the Guelphs were brought to a halt. But Bolognese attacks continued all morning and all day long. The Imperial army resisted each attack, but the skirmish was fierce and bloody. By evening the Imperial line was bent and Enzio's horse was killed underneath him.[6] The Bolognese advanced and the Imperial force started to flee. The fleeing Imperial force, who fought with the network of canals and streams in their back, were now an easy target for the Bolognese and many were killed or taken prisoner.

Aftermath

The Bolognese had taken a lot of German and Cremonese prisoners at Fossalta; among these was Enzio. The victorious Bolognese were greeted by a fanatical crowd, upon their return to Bologna. Enzio, in his full armour and decorated helmet, was put in golden chains and paraded around Bologna on a horse.[4] He would spend his whole life in the Bolognese palace thenceforth named after him, the Palazzo Re Enzo.

The battle had no great meaning and did not change or shape the contemporary politics or map of Italy (unlike the Siege of Brescia or the Battle of Parma). But the defeat and the imprisonment of his son Enzio was a heavy blow for Emperor Frederick II. Frederick demanded the release of Enzio, but the Bolognese stood firm with their policy.[7]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 FEDERICO II – BIOGRAFIA E FATTI DAL 1216 al 1237
  2. 1 2 John William Warre Tyndale: p. 90-91 "The Island of Sardinia Vol.II"
  3. ↑ Kantorowicz Ernst: p. 614-621 "Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite"
  4. 1 2 Kantorowicz Ernst: p. 614-621
  5. ↑ Lexikon des Mittelalters: Band III, Seite 2030
  6. ↑ Kantorowicz Ernst: Seite 614–621
  7. ↑ Lexikon des Mittelalters: Band III, Seite 2030

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/8/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.