Battle of Gemas

Battle of Gemas Part of the Battle of Muar, Malayan Campaign Gemencheh Bridge in 1945. Date 14 January 1942 Location Sungei Gemencheh, Malaya Result Tactical Australian victory Belligerents  Australia  Empire of Japan Commanders and leaders Frederick Galleghan Col. Mukaide Units involved 2/30th Battalion Japanese 5th Division Strength 1 battalion 1 column Casualties and losses 81 casualties 1,000 casualties total[1] 70 killed, 57 wounded during the initial ambush[2]

The Battle of Gemas—part of the wider Battle of Muar—took place during the Japanese invasion of Malaya in the Pacific Campaign of the Second World War. The action occurred on 14 January 1942 at the Gemencheh Bridge near Gemas and saw around 1,000 troops of the Japanese Japanese 5th Division killed or wounded during a fierce ambush initiated by Australian soldiers from 2/30th Battalion, assigned to the 27th Brigade of the 8th Division.

Battle

The 2/30th Battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Frederick "Black Jack" Galleghan,^[3] was ordered to mount an ambush on the main road, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of Gemas in the hope of preventing the Japanese from advancing any further south.^[4] The ambush site was located at a point where a wooden bridge crossed the Sungei Gemencheh river, connecting Gemas with the larger neighbouring town of Tampin, and bringing traffic on the road into a long cutting through thick bushland.^[1] The 2/30th Battalion subsequently deployed one company in the ambush position 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) forward of the main body of the battalion.^[3]

The Japanese had passed through Tampin and needed to cross the bridge to reach Gemas and at 16:00 on 14 January 1942, "B" Company 2/30th Battalion under Captain Desmond Duffy, initiated the ambush. As the Japanese passed through the engagement area in their hundreds—many of them on bicycles—the bridge was blown and the Australians opened fire with machine guns, rifles and grenades. Faulty telephone lines back to the main battalion position prevented Duffy from being able to call in artillery fire on to the follow on Japanese forces, however, and the forward company was subsequently forced to withdraw after a 20-minute engagement as the Japanese began to press their positions.^[1]

Aftermath

The battle following the ambush, and a further action closer to Gemas during which the Australian anti-tank gunners destroyed six out of eight Japanese tanks, lasted another two days.^[5] The fighting ended with the Australians withdrawing through Gemas to the Fort Rose Estate. According to Coulthard-Clark, total Japanese casualties in the wider battle numbered over 1,000, while the Australians lost 81 killed, wounded or missing;^[1] Allen Warren provides figures of 70 killed and 57 wounded in the initial engagement.^[6]

Despite the tactical victory at Gemas, as well as strong stands later at Bakri, the 22nd Australian Brigade’s ambush north of Jemaluang and the fighting withdrawal from Muar, the Japanese advance down the Malay Peninsula was only temporarily slowed.^[7]

Documentary

The Battle of Gemas has remained a footnote in the broader Battle of Muar until a documentary by the same name expanded the importance of this battle.^[8]

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  Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Galleghan examining a map with Sergeant Heckendorf outside the command post at Gemas.

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  Japanese troops advancing near Gemas.

Notes

1. Coulthard-Clark 2001, p.197.
2. Allen Warren, Singapore, quoting the IJA 5th brigade's war diary (belonging to the Mukaide detachment)
3. Long 1973, p. 140.
4. Wigmore 1957, pp. 211–213.
5. Long 1973, pp. 140–141.
6. Warren, Singapore,
7. Dennis et al 2008, p. 342.
8. Battle of Gemas. youtube.com. Retrieved 21 November 2015.

References

• Coulthard-Clark, Chris (2001). The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-634-7. OCLC 48793439.
• Dennis, Peter; et al. (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (Second ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2.
• Long, Gavin (1973). The Six Years War: Australia in the 1939–45 War. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. ISBN 978-0-642-99375-5.
• Wigmore, Lionel (1957). The Japanese Thrust. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Volume 4. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3134219.

Coordinates: 2°35′N 102°35′E / 2.583°N 102.583°E