Beijing Spring
The Beijing Spring (Chinese: 北京之春; pinyin: Běijīng zhī chūn) refers to a brief period of political liberalization in the People's Republic of China which occurred in 1978 and 1979. The name is derived from "Prague Spring", an analogous event which occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1968.
During the Beijing Spring, the general public was allowed greater freedom to criticize the government than the Chinese people had previously been allowed under the government of the People's Republic of China. Most of this criticism was directed towards the Cultural Revolution and the government's behavior during that time; it was made public with the Democracy Wall Movement.
The phrase 'Beijing Spring' was also used during a more recent period of political thaw in the PRC, September 1997 to mid November 1998. During this 'new Beijing Spring' the Chinese authorities relaxed some control over political expression and organisation. The relatively trouble-free handover of Hong Kong to China, and the death of Deng Xiaoping were precursors to this brief period of liberalisation. It was during this second 'Beijing Spring' that the China Democracy Party was founded and legally registered by some local authorities, Democracy Wall dissident Wei Jingsheng was released and exiled, China signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and China was visited by US President Bill Clinton and UN Human Rights Commissioner Mary Robinson. By the end of 1998 the government had again cracked down on leading dissidents and those involved in the fledgling CDP.