Benjamin Dearborn

Portrait of Dearborn, ca.1803

Benjamin Dearborn (1754–1838) was a printer and mechanical inventor in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and Boston, Massachusetts in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His inventions include the gold standard balance,^[1] spring scale,^[2] grist mill, candlestick, ballot box,^[3] perspective drawing machine,^[4] letter-press,^[5] "musical board for the instruction of the blind," thermoscope,^[6] vibrating steelyard balance,^[7] and perpendicular lift.^[8]

Brief biography

Portsmouth 1754-ca.1791

Dearborn was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to Ruth Rogers (d.1791) and Benjamin Dearborn (1725-1755), a Harvard-educated doctor^[9] and descendant of Cornelius Van Ness Dearborn.^[10]

He trained as a printer with Daniel Fowle in Portsmouth. In May 1776, he became the publisher of the Freeman's Journal, or New Hampshire Gazette.^[11] While in Portsmouth he also ran a school; organized an "intelligence office;" sold Beverly Corduroy, India goods, real estate; and attempted a singing group.

Boston ca.1791-1838

In the early 1790s he moved to Milk Street, Boston, where he continued inventing.^[12][13] Along with Paul Revere, Jeremy Belknap and others, he founded "The Committee on Machines" of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society in 1794.^[14] The same year he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[15] In 1797 Dearborn advertised as a surveyor and planner.^[16]

In 1818 he "invented a mode of propelling wheel carriages by steam, well calculated for the conveyance of the mail and any number of passengers, and which will be perfectly secure from robbers on the highway."^[17] He exhibited a "perpetual diary" in the first exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association in 1837.^[18]

He was a member of the American Philosophical Society^[19] and the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association;^[20] and a benefactor of the Boston Dispensary.

Dearborn died on February 22, 1838, in Boston. His children included John M. Dearborn, the engraver Nathaniel Dearborn, and Fanny Dearborn Hanman.^[21]

Works by Dearborn

• The pupil's guide. Being a collection of the most useful rules in arithmetic. Portsmouth, N.H., 1782.
• A Description of a Pump-Engine, or an Apparatus to Be Added to a Common Pump. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 1, (1783), pp. 520–522.
• A scheme, for reducing the science of music to a more simple state: and to bring all its characters within the compass of a common fount of printing-types; especially calculated for the convenience of learners. Portsmouth New-Hampshire, 1785.
• The Columbian grammar : or, An essay for reducing a grammatical knowledge of the English language to a degree of simplicity which will render it easy for the instructor to teach ... Accompanied with notes, critical and explanatory. Boston: Printed by Samuel Hall, for the Author, 1795.
• The patent balance compared with other instruments for weighing. Philadelphia: Printed by Robert Cochran, 1803.
• Dearborn's system for weighing with ease, dispatch, and precision : purchased for half the cost, and used with half the labor, of scales and weights. Boston, 1804.
• Description of the manner of using Dearborn's Facility for casting interest. Boston: Gilbert & Dean, 1805.
• Remarks on the Construction of the Common Scale-Beam, with a Description of the New Gold Standard Beam, Invented by the Author. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1809), pp. 40–50.
• Directions for using the gold standard balance invented by Benjamin Dearborn of Boston, Massachusetts. Boston, 1817.
• A lenient system for adjusting demands and collecting debts without imprisonment : uniting justice with clemency in coercive measures, for stimulating debtors to fulfil their contracts. Boston: John H. Eastburn, 1827.
• Singularity. Boston: B. Dearborn, 1830.

References

1. Columbian Centinel; Feb. 25, 1804.
2. National cyclopaedia of American biography, v.4, p.473.
3. Murphy D. Smith, David Borodin. Due reverence: antiques in the possession of the American Philosophical Society. Volume 203 of Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society. DIANE Publishing, 1992; p.68. Includes illustrations of the ballot boxes.
4. Description of a Simple Machine for Drawing in Perspective. Universal Asylum 1 (February 1791), 67-68. Cited in: Wendy Bellion. "The Mechanization of Likeness in Jeffersonian America". MIT Communications Forum.
5. "A plan of those parts of Boston, and the towns in its vicinity, with the waters and flats adjacent, which are immediately or remotely connected with the contemplated design of erecting perpetual tide-mills. Printed and coloured typographically, in the new constructed letter-press, lately invented by Benjamin Dearborn. Boston, Feb. 1814".
6. American Apollo, December 4, 1794.
7. Philadelphia Gazette, March 26, 1800.
8. Boston Daily Advertiser; Sept. 25, 1817.
9. E.B. Dearborn. Genealogy of the Dearborn family. New England historical and genealogical register. July 1848.
10. Goodale. Cornelius Van Ness Dearborn. Granite Monthly. Nov. 1883.
11. Documents relating to the colonial history of the State of New Jersey. v.19. 1897; p.xxxviii.
12. New Hampshire Spy, Oct.8, 1791.
13. Federal Orrery, March 3, 1796.
14. An old Boston institution: A brief history of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society. Little, Brown, 1893.
15. "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter D" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
16. Massachusetts Mercury, 13 January 1797.
17. The American monthly magazine and critical review. March 1818.
18. Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. 1st Exhibition and fair. 1837.
19. The Independent Chronicle; May 2, 1803.
20. Constitution of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. 1855.
21. William R. Lawrence (1859). A history of the Boston Dispensary.

External links

• WorldCat. Dearborn, Benjamin 1754-1838