Bible translations into Afrikaans

Early history

Arnoldus Pannevis proposed an Afrikaans Bible translation in 1872 in a letter to a newspaper. At that time, Afrikaans was not regarded as a language separate from Dutch but as a simplified version of Dutch, and all white people were expected to be able to read and understand proper Dutch anyway, and therefore Pannevis' proposal was for a translation in the "simple" Dutch used by non-whites. Pannevis and C.P. Hoogenhout also wrote to the British and Foreign Bible Society to request such a translation, but the request was denied.

At around this time (1875) several magazines, small newspapers and other publications in Afrikaans (for speakers regardless of race) increasingly agreed with Pannevis. The publisher of several of these decided in 1878 that an Afrikaans Bible translation must be made, and in 1885 commissioned SJ du Toit to start the translations. These translations were completed: Genesis (1893), Gospel of Mathews (1895), Revelation (1898), and Psalms (1907). Before his death in 1911 Du Toit was working on a translation of the Gospel of Luke. In an Afrikaans magazine at the time, the following translations were also published: Song of Songs (1905), Acts of the Apostles (1908) and Gospel of Mark (1908).

Hoogenhout also completed a translation of the Gospel of Mark, in 1878, though this was never published.[1] [2]

By the 1920s opinion had changed towards Afrikaans as a language in its own right. In 1916, the Dutch Reformed Church created a commission to investigate the possibility of an Afrikaans Bible translation. It was originally thought that the translation should be a rewrite of the Dutch translation using Afrikaans words, and such a translation of the Gospels and Psalms (Vier Evangelië en Die Psalme) was published in 1922, but was not well received by the public. In 1929 the same publication was published, this time in real Afrikaans, and was well received. The translation of the full Bible was published in 1933.

Full Bible

1933, 1953 South African Bible Society

The first official Bible translation of the entire Bible into Afrikaans was completed in 1933 by J. D. du Toit, E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie, and BB Keet.[3][4] The Afrikaans Bible was introduced to Afrikaans-speaking Christian community during a Bible Festival in Bloemfontein, on 27 August 1933.[5]

By the 20 year anniversary in 1953, the Afrikaans language had changed quite a bit (since the 1933 translation was translated deliberately in old-fashioned language that resembled the old Dutch Statenvertaling, to prevent it from being rejected by Christians who were used to using the Dutch translation). The 1953 edition contained a number of small changes and changes to the spelling of names. The 1953 edition also introduced copious cross-references that were present in all subsequent prints of that edition.

1982, Die Lewende Bybel, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM)

This paraphrase was the first non-official translation of the entire Bible in Afrikaans. It was translated in the tradition of the Living Bible from 1971, using a language and style that is very similar to it.[6] The Bible was translated by Du Toit van der Merwe.[7][8]

. Ezechiel 36:26 Literal English translation
1982, Die Lewende Bybel, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM) Ek sal julle 'n nuwe hart gee en 'n nuwe gees in julle lewe. Daardie ongehoorsame harte van julle wat so hard soos klip was, sal ek wegneem en julle 'n hart gee wat gewillig is om te luister.[9] I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit in your life. Those disobedient hearts of yours that were as hard as stone, I will take away and give you a heart that is willing to listen.
1933, 1953, South African Bible Society En Ek sal julle ’n nuwe hart gee en ’n nuwe gees in jul binneste gee; en Ek sal die hart van klip uit julle vlees wegneem en julle ’n hart van vlees gee. And I will give you a new heart and give you a new spirit in your insides; and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh.

1983, South African Bible Society

In 1983 a new translation was completed in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the original 1933 translation and provide much needed revision. The final editing of this edition was done by E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg, and W. Kempen.[10]

This translation was a dynamic equivalence translation, and was the first Afrikaans translation not to make use of the majority text. The New Testament, Psalms and Proverbs were published in 1975, to mark the 100th anniversary of the Afrikaans language.

2001, Nuwe Wêreld-vertaling van die Heilige Skrif, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society

The Nuwe Wêreld-vertaling van die Heilige Skrif is an Afrikaans translation of the 1984 English translation of the Bible by the Watchtower Society.

2006, Nuwe Lewende Vertaling, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM)

The Nuwe Lewende Vertaling (literally "New Living Translation") was published in 2006. The previous "living translation" in Afrikaans was a paraphrase, but this version is a direct translation. It is a back-lash against dynamic equivalence and a return to a more literal translation (the same applies to the Bible Society's new direct translation). The language in this translation sounds rather old-fashioned.[11]

2002, 2006, Die Boodskap, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM)

Following the popularity of Eugene Peterson's The Message translation, Stephan Joubert translated the New Testament in a similar idiomatic style of Afrikaans (but without the slang that characterised Peterson's translation), and gave it a similar name, that was published in 2002 as Die Boodskap. With the assistance of Jan van der Watt, the Old Testament was translated and published in 2006, along with improvements in the New Testament translation.

Die Boodskap was recently included in the Youversion app as a downloadable version.

2002, [email protected], Carpe Diem Media

The [email protected] is a verse-by-verse translation of the Bible from the original languages, in modern, conversational Afrikaans. It was originally written as a children's Bible, with the distinction that it was not simply a collection of Bible stories but an actual translation of the entire Bible.[12][13] The translators are Gert Prinsloo, Phil Botha, Willem Boshoff, Hennie Stander, Dirk Human, Stephan Joubert, and Jan van der Watt.

After the initial publication, the same translation was republished and rebranded for other target groups. These editions used the same text but included additional content, layout, colours, and typography to suit the targeted audience. The rebranded versions included Die [email protected] (early-teen girls), Die [email protected] (early-teen boys), Die [email protected] (late-teen girls), Die [email protected] (late-teen boys), Die [email protected] (adult men) and Die [email protected] (adult women).[14] The most recent rebranding is an e-publication containing only the New Testament, called Bybel@Kinders. An edition for teenage girls in glossary magazine format was published under the name "Glans".[15]

2008, Bybel vir Almal, South African Bible Society

The Bybel vir Almal was originally published as a Bible for deaf people, as it was specifically translated as a Bible for the deaf. It is not in sign language, but in ordinary Afrikaans, with a more limited vocabulary and sensitivity to issues that deaf people may not understand. Hearing people tend to associate certain sounds with certain emotions, but deaf people don't. For example, hearing people associate a pastoral scene with serenity, partly due to the sounds that accompany it. In verses where the translators were forced to use more difficult words, there are extensive explanatory footnotes that explain the words.

This translation is can be read online at the South African Bible Society's web site. The editors included Bart Oberholzer, Bernard Combrink, Hermie van Zyl, Francois Tolmie, Christo van der Merwe, Rocco Hough en Elmine Roux.[16]

Partial Bible

2014, Direct Translation, South African Bible Society

In March 2014, the New Testament and Psalms from this new Bible translation was published. Most of the Old Testament are in the final stages of translation as well.[17] It is intended as a very direct translation suitable for Bible study and use in churches, and is partly the Bible Society's answer to a competing Bible publisher's recent publication of a very direct translation (the Nuwe Lewende Vertaling). The Nuwe Lewende Vertaling is widely used but not officially sanctioned by the largest Afrikaans churches of South Africa, who usually recommend to their members the translations published by the Bible Society. This new direct translation fills that void.

The translation was done by teams of four individuals each, consisting of English-Afrikaans translators and experts in the original languages. The draft versions of the Bible books were made available on the Bible Society's web site as PDFs, and the public was asked to comment on the translations before the final version was created. This is the first Bible translation that involved participation of the general public in the form of commentary from non-invited parties.[18]

2014, Afrikaans Standard Version, CUM Books

A version of the New Testament called the "Afrikaans Standard Version" was published in 2014 as a parallel Bible with the new "Standard" translation and the New Living Translation. It is practically a word-for-word translation, as it is based on the word-for-word Afrikaans text in the interlinear Bible that was published by CUM Books in 2012.[19][20] One of the editors of the Bible Society's Direct Translation is also an editor of the Afrikaans Standard Version.

Comparison

Translation, notes Phillipians 4:4-7 Literal English translation
1933, 1953, South African Bible Society

Direct, deliberately used old-fashioned language, majority text

 Verbly julle altyd in die Here; ek herhaal: Verbly julle! Laat julle vriendelikheid aan alle mense bekend word. Die Here is naby. Wees oor niks besorg nie, maar laat julle begeertes in alles deur gebed en smeking met danksegging bekend word by God. En die vrede van God, wat alle verstand te bowe gaan, sal julle harte en julle sinne bewaar in Christus Jesus. Gladden yourselves always in the Lord; I repeat: Gladden yourselves! Let your friendliness become known to all people. The Lord is near. Be concerned about nothing, but allow your cravings to become known at God in all things through prayer and beseeching with thanksgiving. And the peace of God, which boggles the mind, will preserve your hearts and your senses in Christ Jesus.
1982, Die Lewende Bybel, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM)

Paraphrase, first published Afrikaans full Bible translation to use minority text

 Julle moet bly wees omdat julle aan die Here verbind is. Ek wil dit nog 'n keer sê: julle moet bly wees! Julle moet almal vriendelik behandel. Onthou die Here kom binnekort terug. Julle moet julle nie oor enigiets bekommer nie. Bid daaroor en sê vir God duidelik wat julle wil hê. Vra Hom om dit vir julle te doen en sê vir Hom dankie! Dan sal God julle sy wonderlike vrede gee wat 'n mens nooit met jou verstand kan verklaar nie. Sy vrede sal wag hou oor julle hart en julle gedagtes omdat julle aan Christus Jesus behoort. You must be happy because you are connected to the Lord. I want to say it once again: you must be happy! You must treat everyone with friendliness. Remember that the Lord is coming back soon. You must not vex yourself about anything. Pray about it and tell God clearly what you want. Ask him to do it for you and thank Him! Then God will give you his wonderful peace that one can never explain with your intellect. His peace will stang guard over your heart and your thoughts because you belong to Christ Jesus.
1975, 1983, South African Bible Society

Direct, dynamic equivalence, first Afrikaans Bible translation project to use minority text

 Wees altyd bly in die Here! Ek herhaal: Wees bly! Wees inskiklik teenoor alle mense. Die Here is naby. Moet oor niks besorg wees nie, maar maak in alles julle begeertes deur gebed en smeking en met danksegging aan God bekend. En die vrede van God wat alle verstand te bowe gaan, sal oor julle harte en gedagtes die wag hou in Christus Jesus. Always be happy in the Lord! I repeat: Be happy! Be complaisant towards all people. The Lord is near. Be concerned about nothing, but in everything make your cravings known to God through prayer and beseeching and with thanksgiving. And the peace of God that boggles the mind, will keep a watch over your hearts and thoughts in Christ Jesus.
2001, Nuwe Wêreld-vertaling van die Heilige Skrif, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society

Direct, translated from English

 Verbly julle altyd in die Here. Weer eens sal ek sê: Verbly julle! Laat julle redelikheid aan alle mense bekend word. Die Here is naby. Moet julle oor niks kwel nie, maar laat julle versoeke in alles deur gebed en smeking tesame met danksegging by God bekend word; en die vrede van God wat alle denke te bowe gaan, sal julle harte en julle verstandelike vermoëns deur middel van Christus Jesus bewaak. Gladden yourselves always in the Lord. Again I will say: Gladden yourselves! Let your reasonableness become known to all people. The Lord is near. Be vexed about nothing, but allow your requests to become known at God in all things through prayer and beseeching along with thanksgiving; and the peace of God, which boggles all thought, will guard over your hearts and your intellectual abilities by means of Christ Jesus.
2006, Nuwe Lewende Vertaling, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM)

Direct, post-dynamic equivalence

 Wees altyd bly omdat julle weet dat julle aan die Here behoort. Ek sê dit weer: "Wees bly!" Laat almal sien hoe bedagsaam julle lewe. Onthou: Die Here kom binnekort! Moet oor niks bekommerd wees nie, maar bid oor alles. Vra alles wat julle nodig het van God, terwyl julle Hom ook dank vir alles wat Hy doen. En God se vrede, wat meer is as wat ’n mens dink, sal oor julle harte en gedagtes die wag hou omdat julle aan Christus Jesus verbonde is. Always be happy because you know that you belong to the Lord. I say it again: "Be happy!" Let every see how considerate you live. Remember: The Lord is coming soon! Be worried about nothing, but pray about everything. Ask everything that you need of God, while you also thank Him for everything that He does. And God's peace, which is more than one might think, will keep watch over your hearts and thoughts because you are associated with Christ Jesus.
2002, 2006, Die Boodskap, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM)

Free/idiomatic, dynamic equivalence

 Julle hart behoort oor te loop van blydskap omdat julle aan die Here behoort. Ek sê weer, julle moet baie bly wees. Moenie vergeet om almal mooi te behandel nie. Die Here kom mos binnekort terug. Moenie oor dinge sit en tob of jou bekommer nie. Gaan praat met God daaroor. Bespreek dit met Hom. Vertel Hom hoe jy daaroor voel. Sê dan vir Hom dankie dat jy met Hom daaroor kan praat en dat Hy die beste weet. Jy sal dan verlig en tevrede voel. Jy sal hierdie verligte gevoel nie altyd kan verklaar of wetenskaplik kan uitlê nie. Omdat jy egter weet dat jy aan Jesus behoort, sal jy nie meer omgekrap voel nie. Hierdie wete dat Jesus by jou is, sal keer dat die bekommernisse weer met jou emosies weghardloop of dat jy jou weer van voor af begin bekommer. Your (plural) heart (singular) should overflow of joy because you belong to the Lord. I say again, you must be very happy. Do not forget to treat everyone nicely. After all, the Lord is coming back soon. Do not brood over things or worry about yourself (singular). Go and talk to God about it. Discuss it with Him. Tell Him how you feel about it. Then thank him that you can talk to Him about it and that He knows best. You will then feel relieved and satisfied. You will not always be able to explain this relieved feeling or give a scientific explanation for it. But because you know that you belong to Jesus, you will no longer be in a bad mood. This knowledge that Jesus is with you, will prevent your worries from running away with your emotions again or prevent you from starting to worry all over again.
2002, [email protected], Carpe Diem Media

Free/idiomatic, dynamic equivalence

 Wees altyd vrolik en bly, want jy is Jesus se kind. Wees altyd gaaf en vriendelik met jou vriende en ander mense. Onthou dat die Here jou gaan kom haal om saam met Hom hemel toe te gaan. As jou hart seer is, of jy bang is of miskien nie weet wat om te doen nie, gaan vra God om jou te help. Bid en vertel Hom hoe jy hier binnekant voel. Hy sal jou help, want Hy kan jou help. Moenie bang wees dat Hy jou ooit sal vergeet nie. As jy gebid het, hoef jy nie meer bang te wees nie. Jesus is mos jou goeie Vriend. Al verdwyn al die dinge waarvoor jy bang is nie dadelik nie, kan jy maar solank vir die Here baie dankie sê. Hy sal jou help. Daarvan kan jy seker wees. .
2008, Bybel vir Almal, South African Bible Society

Direct/limited vocabulary, dynamic equivalence

 Julle behoort aan die Here. Daarom moet julle altyd bly wees! Ek sê dit weer, julle moet bly wees! Julle moet vriendelik en geduldig wees met al die mense, want die Here sal gou weer kom! Julle moenie bekommerd wees nie. Julle moet ernstig bid tot God, julle moet vir Hom sê wat julle nodig het en julle moet vir Hom dankie sê daarvoor. Julle behoort aan Christus Jesus. Daarom sal God vir julle vrede gee, vrede wat baie beter is as enige iets waaraan mense kan dink, vrede wat die dinge beskerm wat julle dink. .
2014, Direct Translation, South African Bible Society

Direct, post-dynamic equivalence

 Verbly julle altyd in die Here! Ek sê weer: Verbly julle! Laat julle welwillendheid aan alle mense bekend word. Die Here is naby. Moet oor niks besorg wees nie, maar maak in alles julle versoeke aan God bekend deur te bid, te smeek, en Hom te dank. En die vrede van God wat alle begrip oortref, sal in Christus Jes8us oor julle harte en gedagtes waak. .
2014, Afrikaans Standard Version, CUM Books

Direct, word-for-word

 Julle moet altyd bly wees in die Here; ek sal dit weer sê, julle moet bly wees! Laat julle verdraagsaamheid aan alle mense bekend word! Die Here is naby! Wees oor niks bekommerd nie, maar laat in alles julle versoeke deur gebed en smeking, met danksegging, aan God bekend word. En die vrede van God wat alle verstand oortref, sal julle harte en gedagtes in Christus Jesus bewaak. .

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.bloedrivier.org/web/index.php/geskiedenis/die-bybel-in-afrikaans
  2. ↑ http://www.litnet.co.za/Article/cp-hoogenhout-18431922
  3. ↑ Bogaards, Attie H. "Bybelstudies" (in Afrikaans). Archived from the original on 2 April 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
  4. ↑ "Afrikaanse Bybel vier 75 jaar" (in Afrikaans). Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika. 3 May 2010. Archived from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
  5. ↑ "We celebrate the 75 th birthday of the Afrikaans Bible" (PDF). Solidarity Helping Hand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  6. ↑ http://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/2411/Van%20Rensburg,%20A.pdf?sequence=1
  7. ↑ http://www.christians.co.za/help/bybelvraebus/guidance.asp
  8. ↑ http://www.worldcat.org/title/lewende-bybel/oclc/029345820
  9. ↑ http://www.churchadventure.co.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=gENfNUB1fGI%3D&tabid=309
  10. ↑ "Ons Geskiedenis (Our History)". Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
  11. ↑ http://ngtt.journals.ac.za/pub/article/download/43/71
  12. ↑ http://argief.beeld.com/argief/berigte/beeld/2003/05/26/11/6.html
  13. ↑ http://argief.beeld.com/argief/berigte/beeld/2002/08/17/8/4.html
  14. ↑ http://vetseun.co.za/anarkans/skryf/henniestander.html
  15. ↑ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Glans-Hennie-Stander/dp/1920156216
  16. ↑ http://www.bybelgenootskap.co.za/index.php/af/vertalingsprojekte/afrikaans
  17. ↑ http://www.bybeldirektevertaling.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=55
  18. ↑ http://www.bybeldirektevertaling.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=58
  19. ↑ http://kerkbode.bybelmedia.org.za/2014/10/nog-n-nuwe-bybel-in-afrikaans/
  20. ↑ http://www.cumbooks.co.za/interlinier/interliniere-bybel-grieks-afrikaans-nuwe-testament-hardeband

External links

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