Bronchodilatation

Bronchodilation is the dilation of the airways in the lungs due to the relaxation of surrounding smooth muscle. It is the opposite of bronchoconstriction.

Inducers

Bronchodilators induce bronchodilatation, while there are many drugs that may induce bronchoconstriction.

One example of a bronchoconstrictor is prostaglandin E2.

Respiratory physiology

Respiration	breath inhalation exhalation respiratory rate respirometer pulmonary surfactant compliance elastic recoil hysteresivity airway resistance bronchial hyperresponsiveness constriction dilatation mechanical ventilation

Control	pons pneumotaxic center apneustic center medulla dorsal respiratory group ventral respiratory group chemoreceptors central peripheral pulmonary stretch receptors Hering–Breuer reflex

Lung volumes	VC FRC Vt dead space CC PEF calculations respiratory minute volume FEV1/FVC ratio Lung function tests spirometry body plethysmography peak flow meter nitrogen washout

Circulation	pulmonary circulation hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction pulmonary shunt

Interactions	Perfusion (V) ventilation (Q) ventilation/perfusion scan zones of the lung gas exchange pulmonary gas pressures alveolar gas equation alveolar–arterial gradient hemoglobin oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve (Oxygen saturation 2,3-BPG Bohr effect Haldane effect) carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift) oxyhemoglobin respiratory quotient arterial blood gas diffusion capacity (DLCO)

Insufficiency	high altitude oxygen toxicity hypoxia

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