Changning (prince)

Changning
Prince Gong of the First Rank
Prince Gong of the First Rank
Reign 1671–1703
Predecessor None
Successor Haishan
Born (1657-12-08)December 8, 1657
Died July 20, 1703(1703-07-20) (aged 45)
Spouse Lady Gutu'er
Issue Yongshou
Manduhu
Haishan
Full name
Aisin-Gioro Changning
(愛新覺羅 常寧)
House Aisin Gioro
Father Shunzhi Emperor
Mother Lady Chen
Changning
Traditional Chinese 常寧
Simplified Chinese 常宁

 Changning  (8 December 1657 – 20 July 1703), formally known as Prince Gong, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the fifth son of the Shunzhi Emperor, making him a half-brother of the Kangxi Emperor.[1]

Life

Changning received his princedom on 1 March 1671.[2] In August 1690, he was named one of two commanders-in-chief for an expedition against Dzungar leader Galdan, a long-time enemy of the Qing Empire.[3] Having been granted the title of "Great General Who Pacifies the North" (安北大將軍), he was ordered to march his armies through the Xifengkou Pass (喜峰口) north of Beijing, and then to combine his forces with those of his half-brother, Fuquan, the other commander-in-chief, in order to attack Galdan.[4] They reached Galdan's position on September 3, but after a battle that ended in a standstill, they let Galdan escape, a mistake for which Changning was stripped of his place on the Deliberative Council of Princes and High Officials.[5] In 1696, Changning took part in a new campaign that decisively weakened Galdan before the latter's final defeat in 1697.[6] When he died in 1703, Changning was not given posthumous honors equal to his princely rank, and was not allowed to pass on his title to his descendants, who instead inherited diminished ranks according to the laws concerning the transmission of Qing nobility titles.[7]

Family

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Fang 1943, p. 69. Date of birth: Qingshi gao, ch. 5, p. 150, Shunzhi 14.11.壬寅 (4th); date of death: Qingshi gao, ch. 8, p. 263, Kangxi 42.6.辛巳 (7th).
  2. ↑ Qingshi gao, ch. 6, p. 180, Kangxi 10.1.癸酉 (21st); Fang 1943, p. 69.
  3. ↑ Fang 1943, p. 69.
  4. ↑ Fang 1943, p. 69.
  5. ↑ Fang 1943, p. 69.
  6. ↑ Fang 1943, p. 69.
  7. ↑ Fang 1943, pages 69-70.

References

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