Chicxulub impactor

Sketch of the gravity anomaly map of the Chicxulub crater area. Red and yellow are gravity highs, green and blue are gravity lows, white indicates sinkholes, or "cenotes", and the shaded area is the Yucatan Peninsula.[1][2]

The Chicxulub impactor (/ˈtʃiːkʃəluːb/ CHEEK-shə-loob), also known as the K/Pg impactor and (more speculatively) as the Chicxulub asteroid, was an asteroid or comet at least 10 kilometres (6 miles) in diameter which created the Chicxulub crater. It impacted a few miles from the present-day town of Chicxulub in Mexico, after which the impactor and its crater are named. Because the estimated date of the object's impact and the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg boundary) coincide, there is a scientific consensus that its impact was the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event which caused the demise of the planet's non-avian dinosaurs and other species.[3][4]

The impactor's crater is more than 180 km (110 miles) in diameter,[5] making it the third largest known impact crater on Earth.

Geological evidence shows that the impact dates from the end of the Cretaceous, approximately 66 million years ago.[6] The impact is implicated in causing the mass extinction event at that time, as suggested by the K-Pg boundary, the geological boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. Some scientists doubt whether the impact was the sole cause, and others debate whether the Chicxulub impactor was one of several that may have struck the Earth at around the same time.[7]

In March 2010, following extensive analysis of the available evidence covering some twenty years' worth of data spanning the fields of palaeontology, geochemistry, climate modelling, geophysics and sedimentology, forty-one international experts from thirty-three institutions reviewed the available evidence and concluded that the impact at Chicxulub triggered the mass extinctions at the K–Pg boundary, including those of the dinosaurs.[3][4]

Astronomical origin

In September 2007, an article by William F. Bottke, David Vokrouhlický, and David Nesvorný published in Nature proposed an origin for the impactor. This argued that a collision in the asteroid belt 160 million years ago resulted in the Baptistina family of asteroids, the largest surviving member of which is 298 Baptistina. They proposed that the Chicxulub impactor was an asteroid member of this group, referring to the large amount of carbonaceous material present in microscopic fragments of the object, suggesting that it was a member of a rare class of asteroids called carbonaceous chondrites, like Baptistina. According to Bottke, the Chicxulub impactor was a fragment of a much larger parent body about 170 km (110 mi) across, with the other impacting body being around 60 km (40 mi) in diameter. However, in 2011 new data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer revised the date of the collision which created the Baptistina family to about 80 million years ago, casting doubt on the theory, as typically the process of resonance and collision of an asteroid takes many tens of millions of years.[8]

In 2010, another theory implicated the newly discovered asteroid P/2010 A2, a member of the Flora family of asteroids, as a possible remnant cohort of the Chicxulub impactor.[9]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Nicholas M. Short, Sr., Crater Morphology Some Characteristic Impact Structures at nasa.gov, accessed January 2013
  2. ↑ The article by Nicholas M. Short, Sr. appears to have moved, but the image above does not appear to have moved with it. See Crater Morphology Some Characteristic Impact Structures at fas.org, Accessed December 9, 2015.
  3. 1 2 "International Consensus — Link Between Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction Is Rock Solid". www.lpi.usra.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-28.
  4. 1 2 Schulte, Peter (March 5, 2010). "The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary" (PDF). Science. 327: 1214–8. Bibcode:2010Sci...327.1214S. doi:10.1126/science.1177265. PMID 20203042. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2015. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
  5. ↑ "Images Of Chicxulub Crater". neo.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-28.
  6. ↑ "Dinosaur extinction: Scientists estimate 'most accurate' date". BBC News. Retrieved 2015-10-28.
  7. ↑ "Double space strike 'caused dinosaur extinction'". BBC News.
  8. ↑ Tammy Plotner, Did Asteroid Baptistina Kill the Dinosaurs? Think other WISE... in Universe Today (2011) at universetoday.com
  9. ↑ "Smashed asteroids may be related to dinosaur killer" Reuters, February 2, 2010

Coordinates: 21°24′N 89°31′W / 21.400°N 89.517°W / 21.400; -89.517

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