Chimaerasuchidae

Chimaerasuchidae Temporal range: Cretaceous
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Superorder:	Crocodylomorpha
Node:	†Ziphosuchia
Family:	†Chimaerasuchidae Carvalho et al., 2004
Genera
†Chimaerasuchus

Chimaerasuchidae ("Chimera crocodiles") is a family of mesoeucrocodylians. It was erected as a clade in 2004 by Carvalho et al and included Chimaerasuchus from the Early Cretaceous of China and Simosuchus from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. The validity of the clade has been questioned in later studies that found the two genera to be more distantly related.

Phylogeny

In the phylogenetic analysis of Carvalho et al, the family contained Chimaerasuchus and Simosuchus, two genera of small (~1 metre long), possibly herbivorous crocodyliforms from the Cretaceous. Both had short-snouted heads with multicusped teeth. Carvalho et al placed Chimaerasuchidae within a new clade of mesoeucrocodylians called Gondwanasuchia. It was the sister taxon of Notosuchimorpha, another newly erected clade that contained notosuchias, sebecosuchians, and peirosaurids. Below is a modified cladogram from Carvalho et al (2004):

Gondwanasuchia	Chimaerasuchidae  Chimaerasuchus Simosuchus  1  Stolokrosuchus  2  Uruguaysuchidae  3  Comahuesuchus  Notosuchia  Ziphosuchia  4  Candidodontidae 5 Araripesuchus  Peirosauroidea   Itasuchidae  Malawisuchus Itasuchus Peirosauridae 1 Notosuchimorpha, 2 Notosuchiformes, 3 Terriasuchia, 4 Peirosaurimorpha, 5 Peirosauriformes

The Carvalho et al. (2004) paper phylogeny did not include neosuchians in the analysis. Neosuchians and notosuchians are the two major clades of mesoeucrocodylians. When neosuchians are included in analyses with Simosuchus and Chimaerasuchus, the two genera do not appear as sister taxa (Pol 2003; Candeiro & Martinelli 2006). In fact Chimaerasuchus has been found to be the sister taxon of Sphagesaurus. Sphagesaurus is often assigned its own family, Sphagesauridae. If Chimaerasuchus belongs to Shagesauridae, Chimaerasuchidae would be a junior synonym of Sphagesauridae. This is because Sphagesauridae was named before Chimaerasuchidae, and under ICZN rules, the oldest name has priority.

In a recent contribution, Marinho & Carvalho (2007) did a revision of Sphagesauridae and noticed that Chimaerasuchus does not have any of the synapomorphies of this family that was originally erected by Kuhn (1968). In this new paper, the authors propose an emended diagnosis for the Sphagesauridae, pointing new synapomorphies for this taxon and propose that the Chimaerasuchidae would be a valid family in spite of the poor phylogenetic analysis of Carvalho et al. (2004) paper.

References

• Pol, D. (2003). New remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia)from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 817-831
• Carvahlo, I.S., Ribeiro, L.C.B. and Avilla, L.S. (2004). Uberasuchus terrificus sp. nov., a new Crocodylomorpha from the Bauru Basin (Upper Cretaceous), Brazil. Gondwana Research 4: 975-1002
• Candeiro, C.R.A. & Martinelli, A.G. (2006). A review of paleogeographical and chronostratigraphical distribution of mesoeucrocodylian species from the upper Cretaceous beds from the Baurus (Brazil) and Neuquén (Argentina) groups, Southern South America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 22:116-129
• Kuhn, O. 1968. Die Vortzeitlichen Krokodile. Verlag Oeben, Krailing, München, 124 p.
• Marinho, T.S. & Carvalho, I.S. (2007). Revision of the Sphagesauridae KUHN, 1968 (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia). In: Carvalho, I.S.; Cassab, R.C.T.; Schwanke, C.; Carvalho, M.A.; Fernandes, A.C.S.; Rodrigues, M.A.; Carvalho, M.S.S.; Arai, M.; Oliveira, M.E.Q. (Eds.). Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida. 1 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 1: 589-599.

External links

• Taxon Feedback
• Science News "Ancient Crocrodile Chomped On Plants"
• Nature "A Pugnosed Crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar"