Chironomus

Chironomus
Chironomus plumosus adult male
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Suborder:	Nematocera
Infraorder:	Culicomorpha
Superfamily:	Chironomoidea
Family:	Chironomidae
Subfamily:	Chironominae
Tribe:	Chironomini
Genus:	Chironomus Meigen, 1803
Species
See text.

Chironomus is a genus of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family, Chironomidae, containing several cryptic species that can only be distinguished by experts based on the characteristics of their giant chromosomes. The larvae of several species inhabit the profundal zone where they can reach relatively high densities. They use of combination of hemoglobin-like proteins and undulatory movements in their burrows to obtain oxygen in poorly oxygenated habitats.^[1]

Species

• Chironomus anonymus Williston
• Chironomus anthracinus Zetterstedt, 1860
• Chironomus athalassicus Cannings, 1975
• Chironomus atrella Townes, 1945
• Chironomus atritibia Malloch, 1934
• Chironomus (Chaetolabis) atroviridis Townes, 1945
• Chironomus attenuatus Walker, 1848 (nomen dubium)
• Chironomus bimaculus Walker, 1848
• Chironomus biseta Townes, 1945
• Chironomus borealis Curtis, 1835
• Chironomus boydi
• Chironomus brevipalpis Kieffer, 1926
• Chironomus brunneipennis Johannsen, 1905
• Chironomus carus Townes, 1945 - moved to Goeldichironomus.
• Chironomus chelonia Townes, 1945
• Chironomus crassicaudatus Malloch, 1915
• Chironomus cristatus Fabricius, 1805 - synonym of Chironomus plumosus
• Chironomus cucini Webb, 1969
• Chironomus decorus Johannsen, 1905
• Chironomus decumbens Malloch, 1934
• Chironomus edwardsi Kruseman - moved to Cladopelma
• Chironomus equisitus
• Chironomus esakii Tokunaga
• Chironomus excavatus Kieffer, 1917 - probably Cryptochironomus
• Chironomus excisus Kieffer, 1917
• Chironomus frommeri Sublette e Sublette, 1971
• Chironomus halophilus Packard, 1873 - Synonym Chironomus decorus
• Chironomus harti Malloch, 1915 - moved to Apedilum
• Chironomus hawaiiensis Grimshaw
• Chironomus hyperboreus Staeger, 1845
• Chironomus jacundus Walker
• Chironomus magnus White e Ramsey 2015 as new name for Chironomus major Wuelker e Bulter, 1983
• Chironomus maturus Johannsen, 1908
• Chironomus melanderi Kieffer, 1917
• Chironomus nigritibia Walker, 1848
• Chironomus ochreatus Townes, 1945
• Chironomus pallidivittatus Malloch, 1915
• Chironomus pauciplumatus Hardy, 1960
• Chironomus pilicornisFabricius, 1794
• Chironomus plumosusLinnaeus, 1758
• Chironomus polonicus Michailova, Kownacki & Langton, 2013^[2]
• Chironomus prior Butler, 1982
• Chironomus pungens Townes, 1945
• Chironomus ramosus
• Chironomus redeuns Walker
• Chironomus riparius Meigen, 1804
• Chironomus salinarius Kieffer, 1915
• Chironomus samoensis Edwards, 1928
• Chironomus sanctipaula Sublette, 1966
• Chironomus staegeri Lundbeck, 1898
• Chironomus stigmaterus Say, 1823
• Chironomus stylifera Johannsen
• Chironomus subtendens Townes
• Chironomus tamapullus Sasà, 1981
• Chironomus tardus Butler, 1982
• Chironomus tentansFabricius, 1805
• Chironomus trichomerus Walker, 1848
• Chironomus tuberculatus Townes, 1945
• Chironomus tuxis Curran, 1930
• Chironomus utahensis Malloch, 1915
• Chironomus viridulus Linnaeus
• Chironomus vockerothi Rasmussen, 1984
• Chironomus whitseli Sublette e Sublette, 1974
• Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin e Sublette, 1972

References

1. Int Panis, L; Goddeeris, B; Verheyen, R F (1995). "On the relationship between vertical microdistribution and adaptations to oxygen stress in littoral Chironomidae (Diptera)". Hydrobiologia. 318 (1): 61–67. doi:10.1007/BF00014132.
2. Michailova, Paraskeva; Kownacki, Andrzej; Langton, Peter H. (2013). "Chironomus polonicus sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from southern Poland". Zootaxa. magnolia press. 3599 (6): 564–576. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.5.