List of roguelikes
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This is a selected list of roguelike video games. Roguelike games are those that incorporate elements of role-playing games with procedural generation, following the formula of genre's namesake, Rogue. Due to the large number of variations on this concept, roguelikes are normally classified as either being a classical roguelike with qualities that meet the "Berlin Interpretation" for roguelikes, or as hybrid roguelikes, roguelike-likes, roguelites, or procedural death labyrinths, which possess some but not all of these qualities.
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Roguelikes
The following is a list of roguelike games that are generally considered to hold true to the Berlin Interpretation of a "roguelike".
First | Last | Title | Developer | Setting | Platform | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1975 | pedit5 | Rusty Rutherford | Fantasy | PLATO | Early dungeon crawler with several key-features of future roguelikes, such as permadeath, turn-based simple combat, top-down view and exploration of a typical corridors/rooms-based dungeon. | |
1975 | 1985 | dnd | Gary Whisenhunt, Ray Wood | Fantasy | PLATO | Similar to pedit5 with more levels to explore. |
1978 | Beneath Apple Manor | Don Worth | Fantasy | APPII | One of the earliest commercial Apple II games. It predates Rogue, and was much simpler, but supported a low resolution graphical display in addition to the text version. Was ported to the IBM PC in 1983.[1] | |
1979 | DUNGEON | Brian Sawyer | Fantasy | PET | Published in Cursor issue 15[2][3][4][5] | |
1980 | Rogue | Michael Toy, others | Fantasy | CROSS | Inspired the genre as a whole. | |
1982 | Telengard | Daniel Lawrence | Fantasy | APPII, ATR, C64, TRS80 | Some roguelike features. Play is in real time. Levels are not randomly generated. | |
1982 | Sword of Fargoal | Jeff McCord | Fantasy | C64, PET, VIC20 | Real time action gameplay. Based on Gammaquest II by the same author. | |
1982 | Hack | Jay Fenlason, Andries Brouwer, others | Fantasy | CROSS | Later became the basis for NetHack. | |
1982 | Advanced Dungeons & Dragons: Cloudy Mountain | Mattel Electronics | Fantasy | INT | ||
1983 | Advanced Dungeons & Dragons: Treasure of Tarmin | Mattel Electronics | Fantasy | INT | ||
1983 | 1999 | Moria | Robert Alan Koeneke & Jimmey Wayne Todd | Fantasy | CROSS | Based heavily on The Lord of the Rings. Later port (Umoria) became the basis of Angband. Influenced the preliminary design of Blizzard's Diablo.[6] |
1985 | 1987 | Dungeon of Doom, The | John Raymonds | Fantasy | MAC | Released commercially in 1987 as The Dungeon Revealed. |
1985 | Island of Kesmai | John Taylor, Kelton Flinn | Fantasy | CROSS | Early CompuServe commercial multiplayer game | |
1986 | 1987 | Larn | Noah Morgan, Phil Cordier | Fantasy | CROSS | Original version of Larn remains part of the NetBSD games collection.[7] |
1987 | 2015 | NetHack | The NetHack DevTeam | Fantasy | CROSS | Descendant of Hack. Has spawned many large and complex variant trees. |
1987 | 2010 | Omega | Laurence Brothers | Fantasy | CROSS | Features a rich, persistent and quirky world and multiple endings. |
1987 | 1992 | Scarab of Ra | Rick Holzgrafe | Modern, Fantasy | MAC | Turn-based Roguelike played in first-person 3D. |
1987 | Tower of Doom (Intellivision game) | INTV Corporation | Fantasy | INT | ||
1988 | Moraff's Revenge | Steve Moraff | Fantasy | DOS | One of the earliest 3D, first-person perspective role-playing video games. | |
1989 | Castle of the Winds | SaadaSoft | Fantasy | WIN3X | ||
1990 | Dragon Crystal | Sega | Fantasy | GG, SMS | ||
1990 | 2016 | Angband | Alex Cutler, Andy Astrand | Fantasy | CROSS | Based heavily on The Silmarillion. |
1991 | Cave Noire | Konami | Fantasy | GB | Simplistic dungeon crawler with random room placement, loot and monsters. | |
1991 | Fatal Labyrinth | Sega | Fantasy | GEN | ||
1991 | Moraff's World | Steve Moraff | Fantasy | DOS | Sequel to Moraff's Revenge. | |
1992 | Mission Thunderbolt | Dave Scheifler, John Calhoun | Futuristic | DEC, MAC, WIN | ||
1992 | 1995 | Ragnarok | Norsehelm | Fantasy | DOS | |
1992 | 2015 | UnReal World | Sami Maaranen | Wilderness survival, Historical | DOS, LIN, OSX, WIN | Graphical roguelike set in the far north during the late Iron-Age. It is open-ended and emphasizes survival in the harsh ancient wilderness. |
1993 | Torneko no Daiboken: Fushigi no Dungeon | Chunsoft | Fantasy | SNES | The first game in Chunsoft's popular Mystery Dungeon series in Japan, inspired by Rogue's gameplay. | |
1993 | Dungeons of the Unforgiven | Steve Moraff | Fantasy | DOS | The final of the series that began with Moraff's Revenge and continued with Moraff's World. | |
1993 | Dungeon Hack | DreamForge | Fantasy | DOS | Features a pseudo-3D game screen based on SSI's Eye of the Beholder series. It uses the rules mechanics of AD&D 2nd Edition. | |
1994 | 2015 | Ancient Domains of Mystery | Thomas Biskup | Fantasy | AMI, BeOS, DOS, LIN, OS2, OSX, WIN | |
1994 | 2012 | World of Arch | I.A. Jääskeläinen | Fantasy | AMI, WIN | |
1994 | Zangband | Topi Ylinen | Fantasy | CROSS | Angband variant based on Roger Zelazny's "Amber" novels | |
1995 | The Sorcerer's Cave | Peter Donnelly/Skookum | Fantasy | WIN | Based on Donnelly's "roguelike" boardgames, The Sorcerer's Cave (1978) and Mystic Wood published by Avalon Hill in 1980 | |
1995 | Alphaman | Jeffrey R. Olson | Post-apocalypse, Sci-fi | DOS | Features "elaborate use of colors and the extended IBM character set" | |
1995 | 2008 | Mystery Dungeon: Shiren the Wanderer | Chunsoft | Fantasy | DS, GB, SNES | |
1997 | 1999 | Chocobo no Fushigina Dungeon | Square | Fantasy | PS1, WS | |
1997 | 2005 | Linley's Dungeon Crawl | Linley Henzell | Fantasy | CROSS | |
1997 | 2006 | Super Lotsa Added Stuff Hack – Extended Magic | The Slash'EM development team | Fantasy | CROSS | A variant of NetHack with extra features |
1998 | 2008 | Baroque | Sting | Fantasy | PS1, PS2, SAT, Wii | |
1998 | 2008 | Tales (or Troubles) of Middle Earth | DarkGod, others | Fantasy | CROSS | Based on the PernBand variant of Angband, and thus on The Lord of the Rings. Author no longer maintains it, but a separate maintenance branch repository exists.[8] |
1998 | 1999 | Waku Waku Puyo Puyo Dungeon | Compile | Fantasy | PS1, SAT | PlayStation version is an enhanced port from the Saturn original with the added subtitle Ketteiban. |
1998 | 1999 | Chocobo's Dungeon 2 | Square | Fantasy | PS1 | Sequel to Chocobo no Fushigina Dungeon. |
1998 | 2000 | Azure Dreams | Konami | Fantasy | GBC, PS1 | |
1998 | Sorvice | Altron | Fantasy | SAT | ||
1999 | 2001 | Torneko: The Last Hope | Chunsoft | Fantasy | GBA, PS1 | Sequel to Torneko no Daiboken: Fushigi no Dungeon. |
2000 | 2001 | Dark Cloud | Level-5 | Fantasy | PS2, PS4 | Also included a city-building aspect, making it not purely a roguelike, though dungeons did include a roguelike engine. |
2000 | 2001 | Falcon's Eye | Jaakko Peltonen | Fantasy | CROSS | Graphical update to NetHack. |
2000 | Shiren the Wanderer 2 | Chunsoft | Fantasy | N64 | ||
2001 | TomeNET | C. Blue, Mikael, others | Fantasy | LIN, OSX, WIN | In addition to traditional roguelike features - rng level generation, permadeath, dynamic hack'n'slash experience and freedom of actions, TomeNET has MMORPG features - real-time gameplay, PvE in group, PvP, economy system (players shops and housing) and etc. | |
2001 | Shiren the Wanderer GB2 | Chunsoft | Fantasy | GBC | ||
2002 | 2003 | Dark Chronicle/Dark Cloud 2 | Level-5 | Fantasy | PS2, PS4 | Much like its predecessor, Dark Cloud, it wasn't a pure roguelike, including world-building aspects, though dungeons remained roguelike. |
2002 | 2013 | Doom, the Roguelike | Kornel Kisielewicz | Futuristic, Fantasy | LIN, WIN | Based on the Doom series by id Software. |
2003 | 2015 | Dragonslayer | Walter Pullen | Fantasy | WIN | 3D classic Roguelike played in first person perspective, implemented in and distributed with the Daedalus maze generation software.[9] |
2004 | TwinBee | Konami | Fantasy | Mobile Phone | Themed by TwinBee Universe. | |
2004 | Nightmare of Druaga: Fushigino Dungeon, The | Arika, Chunsoft | Fantasy | PS2 | Sequel to The Blue Crystal Rod for SNES. | |
2005 | Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team[10] | Chunsoft | Modern, Fantasy | DS | ||
2005 | Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Red Rescue Team | Chunsoft | Modern, Fantasy | GBA | ||
2005 | 2006 | Tao's Adventure: Curse of the Demon Seal | Konami | Fantasy | DS | Semi-sequel to Azure Dreams. |
2006 | Izuna: Legend of the Unemployed Ninja | Success | Fantasy | DS | ||
2006 | 2013 | Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup | Community | Fantasy | CROSS (open source) | Fork of Linley's Dungeon Crawl |
2006 | 2016 | Slaves to Armok II: Dwarf Fortress | Tarn Adams | Fantasy | LIN, OSX, WIN | |
2006 | Dragon Quest: Shonen Yangus to Fushigi no Dungeon | cavia | Fantasy | PS2 | Spin-off of Dragon Quest VIII. | |
2007 | Rogue Hearts Dungeon | Compile Heart | Fantasy | PS2 | ||
2007 | Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Darkness | Chunsoft | Modern, Fantasy | DS | ||
2007 | Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time | Chunsoft | Modern, Fantasy | DS | ||
2007 | 2008 | Izuna 2: The Unemployed Ninja Returns | Ninja Studio | Fantasy | DS | Sequel to Izuna: Legend of the Unemployed Ninja |
2008 | Final Fantasy Fables: Chocobo's Dungeon | Square Enix | Fantasy | Wii | [11] | |
2008 | 2010 | Shiren the Wanderer | Chunsoft | Fantasy | PSP, Wii | 3rd game in the series.[12] |
2009 | Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky | Chunsoft | Modern, Fantasy | DS | [13] | |
2009 | 2012 | Brogue | Brian Walker | Fantasy | LIN, MAC, WIN | |
2010 | 100 Rogues | Dinofarm Games | Fantasy | iOS | ||
2010 | Smart Kobold | Jeff Lait | Fantasy | WIN, Linux | A "seven-day roguelike" that was selected for demonstration at IndieCade, E3 2010. It attempts to implement a high level of artificial intelligence for a single type of enemy.[14] | |
2010 | Z.H.P. Unlosing Ranger VS Darkdeath Evilman | Nippon Ichi Software | Fantasy | PSP | [15] | |
2011 | Deadly Dungeons | CodeZombie Games | Fantasy | DROI | 3D Dungeon exploration with randomly generated floors, items, and creatures. Movement is tile-based. First-person roguelike [16] gameplay similar to Dungeon Hack. | |
2011 | Dungeons of Dredmor | Gaslamp Games | Fantasy | LIN, OSX, WIN | Tile-based movement with rudimentary graphics and a sense of humour.[17] | |
2011 | Tales of Maj'Eyal | Nicolas ‘DarkGod’ Casalini | Fantasy | LIN, OSX, WIN | Graphical rewrite of the author's earlier ToME (video game). Turn-based role-playing game based on its own fantasy universe. Players unlock most classes, story threads are available, and elements have been taken from MMOs to significantly change the combat. | |
2012 | 2015 | Ultima Ratio Regum | Mark R Johnson | Historical | WIN | Non-combat-focused roguelike about exploring and deciphering an intellectual conspiracy to rewrite history; set in the Renaissance/Scientific Revolution. |
2013 | Sword of the Stars: The Pit | Kerberos Productions | Sci-fi | WIN | Turn-based, 2D Dungeon crawl, RPG based in the Sword of the Stars universe. Players are able to collect equipment, weapons, armor, and ingredients for crafting. Explore 30 levels and death is permanent. | |
2013 | WazHack | Warwick "Waz" Allison | Fantasy | DROI, IOS, LIN, OSX, WIN | Turn-based, 2D side-scrolling Dungeon crawl, RPG. Players are able to collect equipment, weapons, armor, potions, and scrolls while combating enemies and starvation. Fights and levels are random and death is permanent. | |
2013 | The Guided Fate Paradox | Nippon Ichi Software | Fantasy | PS3 | ||
2013 | 99 Levels to Hell | Zaxis Games | Fantasy | LIN, OSX, WIN | Starting off as a Wizzard with a shotgun combat your way up the 99 levels of Hell | |
2013 | Wizards Encounters | Alderan gaming | Fantasy | DROI | Turn-based role-playing game based on the Wizards universe. | |
2014 | 2016 | Slash'EM Extended | Amy Bluescreenofdeath | Fantasy | WIN | A variant of Slash'EM, which is a variant of NetHack |
2015 | Dragon Fin Soup | Grimm Bros | Fantasy | LIN, OSX, PS3, PS4, PSV, WIN | ||
2015 | 2016 | Cogmind | Josh Ge | Sci-fi | WIN |
Hybrid roguelikes
These are games that feature elements of roguelike games but not necessarily all of the features as defined by the Berlin Interpretation. Terms like "hybrid roguelike", "roguelike-like", "rogue-lite", and "procedural death labyrinth" are used to distinguish them from traditional roguelike games. In most cases, hybrids feature common elements like procedural level generation, randomized item and adversary placement, and permadeath.
First | Last | Title | Developer | Setting | Platform | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1991 | ToeJam & Earl | Johnson Voorsanger Productions | Fantasy | GEN | 2D top-down real-time exploration of a world made of randomly generated floors. Features randomized items and permanent death (although it has multiple lives). | |
1996 | Diablo | Blizzard North | Fantasy | WIN, MAC, PS1 | Action role-playing hack and slash. | |
2001 | 2011 | Lost Labyrinth | Lost Labyrinth | Fantasy | WIN, LIN | Similar to "The Legend of Zelda in gameplay, graphics and sound; plays to its conclusion in 10–40 minutes. |
2002 | 2004 | Strange Adventures In Infinite Space | Digital Eel | Space science fiction | WIN, MAC, PALM, PPC | Random universe generation; turn-based starmap exploration; pausable real time combat. Full graphics, sound and music; plays to completion in 20 minutes or less. |
2005 | 2014 | Weird Worlds: Return to Infinite Space | Digital Eel | Space science fiction | WIN, MAC, LIN, iOS, DROI, NOOK | Random universe generation; turn-based starmap exploration; pausable real time combat. Full graphics (OpenGL), sound and music; sequel to Strange Adventures in Infinite Space; plays to its conclusion in less than 30 minutes. |
2009 | 2012 | Spelunky | Derek Yu, Andy Hull | Fantasy | WIN (2009), XBLA (2012) | 2D action-adventure platformer without save points that has four increasingly difficult areas with exclusive features that are divided into multiple randomly generated caves of which each one might contain a further unique secret. |
2011 | The Binding of Isaac | Edmund McMillen, Florian Himsl | Surrealistic, horror | WIN, LIN, OSX | 2D Dungeon exploration Top-down shooter without save points inspired by The Legend of Zelda, but with semi-randomly accessed floors with exclusive features that have randomly generated rooms of various types potentially including random items. | |
2012 | FTL: Faster Than Light | Subset Games | Space science fiction | WIN, LIN, OSX | 2D real-time strategy styled after space travel. Players move from system to system avoiding a trailing horde of enemies as they participate in side-quests, with the ultimate goal of entering the last area. | |
2013 | Don't Starve | Klei Entertainment | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, LIN | 2D action-adventure. Players are able to harvest plants, build traps to catch animals and craft items. Fights and levels are random and death is permanent.[18] | |
2013 | Rogue Legacy | Cellar Door Games | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, LIN, PS3, PS4 | 2D side-scrolling platformer, action-adventure. Players are able to collect gold, food and potions while combating enemies. Fights are random. Each character has its own unique abilities. Characters level up and change every time player dies. | |
2013 | Risk of Rain | Hopoo Games | Sci-fi action | WIN | 2D side-scrolling action platformer; a single play through goes through six levels that are randomly selected from pre-generated layouts but with randomized object placement, and the game's difficulty increases based on how long the player remains alive. | |
2013 | Not the Robots | 2DArray | Sci-fi action | WIN | ||
2013 | 2015 | TowerClimb | Davioware & Quazi | Fantasy action | WIN | An unforgiving proceedurally generated platformer, in which players must climb/jump/fly and swim up through increasingly difficult levels. The game is divided into multiple sections each with their own unique theme and challenges.[19][20] |
2013 | 99 Levels to Hell | ZaxisGames | Fantasy action | WIN | 2D side-scrolling action game[21] | |
2013 | Delver | Priority Interrupt | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, LIN, DROI | Randomly generated first person roguelike. | |
2014 | Tower of Guns | Terrible Posture Games | Science fiction | WIN | Single player FPS with randomly generated levels.[22] | |
2014 | Crypt of the Necrodancer | Brace Yourself Games | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, LIN | Dungeon exploration combined with a rhythm game beat matching mechanic | |
2014 | Invisible, Inc. | Klei Entertainment | Espionage | WIN, OSX, LIN | A tactical turn-based strategy RPG with a focus on stealth. The player must maneuver agents through several procedurally generated levels in a limited amount of in-game time. | |
2014 | TinyKeep | Phigames | Fantasy | WIN | TinyKeep, a top-down procedurally generated dungeon escape game with permadeath. Master the frantic physics-based combat, lure enemies into traps or make them fight each other for dominance. | |
2014 | Dungeon of the Endless | Amplitude Studios | Science fiction | WIN, OSX | A hybrid roguelike / tower defense game, where the player must guide heroes through randomly generated, under-powered facilities to move a crystal across the map. | |
2014 | The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth | Nicalis | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, LIN, PS4, VITA, WIIU, New3DS, XOne | An expanded remake of The Binding of Isaac | |
2014 | Road Not Taken | Spry Fox | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, PS4 | A puzzle-roguelike hybrid, where the player must work out the functions of items to solve puzzles and rescue characters from random generated levels. | |
2015 | Hand of Fate | Defiant Development | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, LIN, PS4, VITA, XOne | A collectable-card game-based rogue-like, where the game's dungeons and encounters are drawn from a customized deck of cards, while combat takes place in an action/fighter-based mini-game. | |
2015 | Captain Forever Remix | Pixelsaurus Games | Science fiction | WIN | Multidirectional shooter, where the player builds up a spaceship from modules of defeated enemies. | |
2015 | Skyshine BEDLAM | Skyshine Games | Post-apocalyptic | WIN | BEDLAM is a strategic rogue-like game with tactical combat set in a post-apocalyptic wasteland. | |
2015 | 2016 | Infinite Space III: Sea of Stars | Digital Eel | Space science fiction | LIN, OSX, WIN | Random universe generation; turn-based starmap exploration; pausable real time combat. 3D graphics, full sound and music; sequel to Weird Worlds: Return to Infinite Space; plays to completion in 20–45 minutes. |
2016 | Darkest Dungeon | Red Hook Studios | Fantasy | WIN, OSX, LIN, PS4, VITA | A gothic, role-playing, dungeon-crawl-based game centered around having the player make tough decisions in dire situation, goaded into their decisions with difficult enemies, limited resources, and an innovative "Affliction System". | |
2016 | Enter the Gungeon | Dodge Roll | Science fiction | WIN, OSX, LIN, PS4 | A randomized-dungeon exploration game featuring top-down-based bullet hell combat. | |
2016 | FORCED Showdown | BetaDwarf | Fantasy, science fiction | WIN, OSX, LIN | A 3D randomized-arena game with top-down-based bullet hell action-brawler combat and collectible card role-playing elements. |
Notes
- ↑ Kim R Schuette. Book of Adventure Games. p. 22.
- ↑ "DUNGEON – Search for gold in the ancient ruins". Video of Brian Sawyer's DUNGEON.
- ↑ Sawyer, Brian (1981). "DUNGEON". In Jeffries, Ron. PET Fun and Games. McGraw-Hill. p. 75. ISBN 0-931988-70-5.
- ↑ "Dungeon". CBM Software-Database entry for Dungeon.
- ↑ "Game 85: Dungeon (1979)". CRPG Addict review of DUNGEON.
- ↑ Pitts, Russ (2006-06-06). "Secret Sauce: The Rise of Blizzard". The Escapist. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
[The idea for Diablo] was modified over and over until it solidified when [Dave Brevik] was in college and got hooked on … Moria/Angband.
- ↑ src/games/larn/. NetBSD CVS Repositories. Accessed January 18, 2008.
- ↑ "ToME 2.3.x Maintenance Branch".
- ↑ Pullen, Walter. "Daedalus: Dragonslayer".
- ↑ Provo, Frank (Sep 21, 2006). "Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team Review". Gamespot. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon has more in common with a litany of dungeon hacks than it does with any of Nintendo's traditional Pokémon role-playing games.
- ↑ Hatfield, Daemon (July 1, 2008). "Final Fantasy Fables: Chocobo's Dungeon Review". IGN. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
Mystery Dungeon and "roguelike" games make up a niche genre that spans the difficulty range from the unforgiving Shiren the Wanderer to the more breezy Pokemon [sic] Mystery Dungeon titles.
- ↑ Goergen, Andy (March 4, 2010). "Shiren the Wanderer". Nintendo World Report. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
The series of Mystery Dungeon games, of which the original Shiren on SNES is a founding member, are referred to as roguelikes amongst their fans, a reference which dates back to an early 1980s computer game called Rogue.
- ↑ Bailey, Kat (2009-09-06). "Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky Preview". 1UP. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky is the latest iteration of Nintendo's cuddly take on the roguelike genre.
- ↑ Keith Stuart inverviewing Sam Roberts (23 June 2010). "Tech Weekly: E3 – Kinect, 3DS and the best of the indies". Tech Weekly. 24.50 minutes in. guardian.co.uk.
- ↑ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2010-12-26. Archived from the original on December 26, 2010. Retrieved 2012-09-21.
- ↑ "Android Games and Game Reviews". 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2013-10-10.
- ↑ Caoili, Eric (2011-07-14). "Dungeons of Dredmor, Spelunky Mac Released". Game Set Watch. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
- ↑ Sliva, Marty (2013-05-01). "Don't Starve Review". IGN. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
- ↑ Smith, Adam (2013-03-27). "Falling From The Top Of The World: TowerClimb". Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
- ↑ Quazi and Davioware, Developer (2015-09-22). "TowerClimb Steam page". Steam. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
- ↑ Skyes, Tom (2013-03-06). "99 Levels to Hell: a Spelunky-like roguelike-like with an emphasis on, like, blood and guns". PC Gamer. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
- ↑ Groen, Andrew (June 13, 2013). "The disaster of 38 Studios scarred a designer and birthed the randomly generated FPS, Tower of Guns". The Penny Arcade Report. Penny Arcade. Retrieved April 8, 2014.