Civil restraint order

In the law of England and Wales, a civil restraint order (CRO) is a court order intended to prevent vexatious litigation. Courts have the means of escalating the sanctions against a litigant who makes applications to the court that are "totally without merit":[1]

There are three types of CRO: limited, extended and general, with different scopes of application:[2]

Further applications totally without merit can lead to withdrawal of the right of appeal. Harassment of the court and court officials can lead to a penal prohibition notice, prohibiting the litigant from contacting or approaching the court without permission.[6]

HM Courts Service maintains a list of vexatious litigants.[7]

References

  1. Civil Procedure Rules, Practice Direction to Pt.3 3CPD.2.1
  2. "Civil restraint orders - Detailed guidance - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  3. Grepe v Loam (1887) 37 Ch.D 168
  4. Ebert v. Venvil [1999] EWCA Civ 3043 (30 March 1999), Court of Appeal (England and Wales)
  5. Bhamjee v. Forsdick (No. 2) [2003] EWCA Civ 1113 (25 July 2003), Court of Appeal (England and Wales)
  6. O'Hare, J.; Browne, K. (2005). Civil Litigation (12th ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell. para 7.011. ISBN 0-421-90690-1.
  7. "List of vexatious litigants (England and Wales)". HM Courts Service. Retrieved 2012-02-03.

See also


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