Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown

Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown

Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown at the Long Beach Blues Festival, 1996
Background information
Birth name Clarence Brown Jr.
Also known as Gatemouth, Gate
Born (1924-04-18)April 18, 1924
Vinton, Louisiana, United States
Died September 10, 2005(2005-09-10) (aged 81)
Orange, Texas, United States
Genres Blues, swing, country, cajun, R&B, rock, folk, electric blues, Texas blues
Occupation(s) Musician
Instruments vocals, guitar, violin, viola, mandolin, drums, harmonica, piano
Years active 1947–2005
Labels Aladdin Records, Peacock Records, Cindrella Records, Black and Blue Records, Barclay Records, Music Is Medicine, Rounder Records, Alligator Records, Verve Records, Occidental Records
Associated acts Gate's Express (Harold Floyd, David Peters, Joe Krown, Eric Demmer & Lloyd Herrman on drums) Los Super Seven, Bill Samuel, Roy Clark, Airto, Tony Garnier, Garland Craft, Jim Keltner, Joe Sunseri & the Memphis Horns

Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown (April 18, 1924 - September 10, 2005) was an American musician from Louisiana and Texas.[1] He is best known for his work as a blues musician, but embraced other styles of music, having "spent his career fighting purism by synthesizing old blues, country, jazz, Cajun music and R&B styles".[2] His work also encompasses rock and roll, rock music, folk, electric blues, and Texas blues.[1]

He was an acclaimed multi-instrumentalist, who played an array of musical instruments such as guitar, fiddle, mandolin, viola as well as harmonica and drums. He won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album in 1983 for his album, Alright Again!.[3] He is regarded as one of the most influential exponents of blues fiddle and has had enormous influence in American fiddle circles.

Brown's two biggest musical influences were Louis Jordan and T-Bone Walker.[4]

Career

1940s and 1950s

Born in Vinton, Louisiana, Brown was raised in Orange, Texas. His professional music career began in 1945, playing drums in San Antonio, Texas.[5] He was given the nickname "Gatemouth" by a high school teacher who said he had "voice like a gate".[1] His career was boosted while attending a 1947 concert by T-Bone Walker in Don Robey's Bronze Peacock Houston nightclub.[1] When Walker became ill, Brown took up his guitar and quickly wrote and played "Gatemouth Boogie," to the delight of the audience right on the spot.[4]

In 1949 Robey founded Peacock Records in order to showcase Brown's virtuoso guitar work.[1] Brown's "Mary Is Fine"/"My Time Is Expensive" was a hit for Peacock in 1949.[4] A string of Peacock releases in the 1950s were less successful commercially, but were nonetheless pioneering musically. Particularly notable was the 1954 instrumental "Okie Dokie Stomp",[4] in which Brown solos continuously over a punchy horn section (other instrumentals from this period include "Boogie Uproar" and "Gate Walks to Board").[1] Okie Dokie Stomp was also recorded by Cornell Dupree in the 1970s and he had success with it as well. As for his gutsy violin playing, Robey allowed him to record "Just Before Dawn", his final release on the Peacock label, in 1959.

1960s and 1970s

In the 1960s Brown moved to Nashville, Tennessee to participate in a syndicated R&B television show, and while he was there recorded several country singles.[5] He struck up a friendship with Roy Clark and made several appearances on the television show Hee Haw.[1] In 1966, Brown was the musical director for the house band on the short-lived television program, The !!!! Beat.[4]

However, in the early 1970s several countries in Europe had developed an appreciation for American roots music, especially the blues, and Brown was a popular and well-respected artist there.[5] He toured Europe twelve times, beginning in 1971 and continuing throughout the 1970s. He also became an official ambassador for American music, and participated in several tours sponsored by the U.S. State Department, including an extensive tour of Eastern Africa. Brown appeared at the 1973 Montreux Jazz Festival, where he jammed with American blues rock band Canned Heat.[5] In 1974, he recorded as a sideman with the New Orleans pianist Professor Longhair on his album, Rock 'N' Roll Gumbo (originally a Blue Star Records release). He moved to New Orleans in the late 1970s. In 1979, through his manager at the time, Jim Halsey, Brown embarked on a 6-week, 44 concert tour of the Soviet Union. This was an historic event as it marked the first time the Soviet Union made a contract with a U.S. private citizen (Jim Halsey) as regards a musical tour. All previous tours were under the auspices of the U.S. State Department. To date, this was by far the most extensive tour an American band had taken in the USSR.

Later years

In the 1980s, a series of releases on Rounder Records and Alligator Records revitalized his U.S. career,[5] and he toured extensively and internationally, usually playing between 250 and 300 shows a year. He won a Grammy in 1982 for the album Alright Again! and was nominated for five more. Alright Again! is credited with putting Brown back on the musical map. He also won eight W.C. Handy Awards

In 1999, Brown was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.[6]

In his last few years, he maintained a full touring schedule, including Australia, New Zealand, South America, Africa and Eastern Europe. His final record "Timeless" was released in 2004.

In September 2004, Brown was diagnosed with lung cancer. Already suffering from emphysema and heart disease, he and his doctors decided to forgo treatment. This greatly affected his musical career.[6] Later his home in Slidell, Louisiana was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and he was evacuated to his childhood home town of Orange, Texas, where he died on September 10, 2005 at the apartment of a niece, at the age of 81. Brown is buried in the Hollywood Cemetery in Orange, Texas. However, flooding caused by Hurricane Ike in September 2008 damaged his grave.[7] His casket was one of dozens that floated out of their burial sites.[8] His grave has since been refurbished and through the estate funds, a very impressive headstone has been erected in his honor.[9] A Texas Historical Commission marker honoring Brown is located next to the flagpole at Hollywood Cemetery.[10]

Rock composer Frank Zappa credits Gatemouth, along with Guitar Slim and Johnny Guitar Watson, as important influences on his guitar playing (as written by Zappa in his autobiography, The Real Frank Zappa Book, 1989).[11]

Personal life

Mr. Brown was married and divorced three times. There are four children. Three daughters, Ursula Brown of Houston, Celeste Biles of Vista, Calif., and Renée Brown of New Orleans; and a son, Dwayne Brown, of Oklahoma City.[12]

Discography

Original albums

Compilations and bootlegs

Other contributions

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bill Dahl. "Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown – Biography". AllMusic. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  2. ↑ "Guitarist Clarence Gatemouth Brown Dies at 81". The New York Times. 2005-09-12. Archived from the original on 2014-09-10. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  3. ↑ "Grammy.com Past Winner Search: Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown, 1982". Grammy.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-10. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 164. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues – From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books Limited. pp. 95–96. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  6. 1 2 "Musician Profile: Clarence Gatemouth Brown". All About Jazz. Archived from the original on 2014-07-03. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
  7. ↑ "Ike Texas » Archive » orangeleader.com (Orange, Texas)". orangeleader.com. 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  8. ↑ Hankins, Robert (February 25, 2009). "Gatemouth honored with state marker" (Volume 48, #43).
  9. ↑ "Historical marker dedication to pay tribute to music legend". orangeleader.com. July 19, 2012. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-09.
  10. ↑ Dunn, Mark (July 25, 2012). "Photo text: Dr. Robert Finch compiled the research to get an historical marker for Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown..." (Volume 53, #17). The Record Newspapers.
  11. ↑ "The Real Frank Zappa Book". Pierroule.com. Archived from the original on 2014-08-28. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  12. ↑ "Guitarist Clarence Gatemouth Brown Dies at 81". nytimes.com. 2005-09-12. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
  13. ↑ Brown sings the 1956 Johnny Cash rockabilly song, "Get Rhythm", with Benjy Davis.
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