Conkers

For other uses, see Conker (disambiguation).
A selection of fresh conkers from a horse chestnut tree.

Conkers is a traditional children's game in Britain and Ireland played using the seeds of horse chestnut trees—the name 'conker' is also applied to the seed and to the tree itself. The game is played by two players, each with a conker threaded onto a piece of string: they take turns striking each other's conker until one breaks.

Origins

The first mention of the game is in Robert Southey's memoirs published in 1821. He describes a similar game, but played with snail shells or hazelnuts. It was only from the 1850s that using horse chestnuts was regularly referred to in certain regions. The game grew in popularity in the 20th century, and spread beyond England.[1]

The first recorded game of Conkers using horse chestnuts was on the Isle of Wight in 1848.[2]

There is uncertainty of the origins of the name. The name may come from the dialect word conker, meaning "knock out" (perhaps related to French conque meaning a conch, as the game was originally played using snail shells and small bits of string.[3][4]) The name may also be influenced by the verb conquer, as earlier games involving shells and hazelnuts has also been called conquerors.[3] Another possibility is that it is onomatopoeia, representing the sound made by a horse chestnut as it hits another hard object, such as a skull (another children's "game", also called conkers, consists of simply throwing the seeds at one another over a fence or wall). Conkers are also known regionally as obblyonkers, cheggies* or cheesers. Although a "cheeser" is a conker with one or more flat sides, this comes about due to it sharing its pod with other conkers (twins or triplets). Also Cheggers was used in Lancaster, England in the 1920s. In D. H. Lawrence's book Sons and Lovers, the game is referred to as cobblers by William Morel.

The game

stringing a conker
strung conker

Scoring

Variant rules

Hardening conkers

The hardest conkers usually win. Hardening conkers is often done by keeping them for a year (aged conkers are called laggies in many areas or seasoners in Ireland and Liverpool), baking them briefly, soaking or boiling in vinegar, or painting with clear nail varnish. Such hardening is, however, usually regarded as cheating. At the British Junior Conkers Championships on the Isle of Wight in October 2005, contestants were banned from bringing their own conkers due to fears that they might harden them. The Campaign for Real Conkers claimed this was an example of over-regulation which was causing a drop in interest in the game. In both the World Conker Championship and the North American Championship, contestants are also restricted to using the conkers provided by the Organisers.

One factor affecting the strength of a conker is the shape of the hole. A clean cylindrical hole is stronger, as it has no notches or chips that can begin a crack or split.

Similar game

A similar Puerto Rican game (played with the smaller seed of the jatobá, Hymenaea courbaril) is called gallitos (meaning small roosters or cocks, as in cockfighting). The opponents face each other and the defending gallito is laid in the center of a circle drawn in the dirt. Not until the attacking player misses will the defending player take a turn. Upon missing, if the attacking player is quick enough, they will try to swing at the defending gallito before the defendant removes it from within the circle. If the defending gallito is struck it must remain in the circle until the attacker misses again. This move is called a "paso de paloma".[7]

Championships

In 1965 the World Conker Championships were set up in Ashton (near Oundle) Northamptonshire, England, and still take place on the second Sunday of October every year. In 2004, an audience of 5,000 turned up to watch more than 500 competitors from all over the world. The 2016 Championship was featured on the BBC programme "Countryfile".

1976 was the first time that a non-British contestant won the Men's World Conker Championship. The Mexican Jorge Ramirez Carrillo took the place of a contestant who was unable to arrive on time at Ashton, and defeated the 1975 champion at the finals. The Men's champion has been British in every other year except 1998, when Helmut Kern from Nauort, Germany, won.

In 1999 the Irish Conker Championships began in Freshford, County Kilkenny in Ireland.

2000 saw the first Ladies' champion from outside the UK. Selma Becker, originally from Austria, took the title. The title of Queen of Conkers has remained in the UK, except in 2001 when Frenchwoman Celine Parachou won.

2001 Eamonn Dooley from Freshford in Co. Kilkenny, Ireland broke the world record by smashing 306 conkers in one hour.[8]

North America

The North American Conker Championship was inaugurated on 20 October 2012 at the Historic Gardens[9] in the town of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada, hosted by the Annapolis Royal Conker Club.[10]

The first North American Conker Champion was Jeff Hafting, of Annapolis Royal, NS.

The 2013 North American Championship was similarly held on the third Saturday, 19 October, and the eventual winner of an all-female Final was Krystyna Schulz of Halifax, NS.

Victor of the 2014 North American Championship was Julian Smith of Yarmouth, NS.

In 2015 the Championship took place on 17th October, once more hosted at the Historic Gardens[9] in Annapolis Royal. The coveted Crofton Chalice was almost regained by Jeff Hafting, the Inaugural 2012 Champion, but he lost in the Final to Simon Bonnington of Granville Ferry, NS. This saw the return of the trophy to its home in Annapolis Royal.

2016 saw the Championship won by Elizabeth Mount of Bear River, NS. In the final bout she beat Oliver Bonnington, son of the 2015 Champion.

Prior to this recent re-emergence, it had been played during the late 1940s and early 1950s in New York in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, and in the 1950s and early 1960s in the Amalgamated section of the Bronx and nearby Mt.Vernon. A winning chestnut was referred to as a "killer" and the value of a chestnut was defined by its number of "kills." It was also played in Queens, the upper West Side of Manhattan, in the Mohawk Valley area of upstate New York and in Westmount, Quebec and other English-speaking parts of Montreal into the 1970s. It was played in the Catholic areas of North Cambridge, MA in the late 1950s, and a winning chestnut was also labeled a "killer". It was being played in the 1960s in Rhode Island[11] and into the early 1980s in Smithfield, RI.

Safety concerns

In 2000 a survey of British schools by Keele University showed that many were not allowing children to play conkers, as head teachers were afraid of the legal consequences if children were injured while playing the game, or because they thought that the conkers might be used as weapons.[12] The TV programme Top Gear later staged a game of conkers using caravans (travel trailers) suspended from cranes.[13] After putting on safety goggles, presenter James May commented "I now feel perfectly happy about being hit in the face by a caravan." Top Gear, along with other media commentators, wrongly stated that the wearing of goggles during the game was due to an official Health and Safety Executive (HSE) edict when it was in fact due to a myth which started when a headmaster bought goggles for children to use as a parody of health and safety regulation[14] and sponsored a Conkers tournament.[15]

In 2004, several schools banned conkers due to fear of causing anaphylactic shock in pupils with nut allergies. Health advisers said that there were no known dangers from conkers for nut-allergy sufferers, although some may experience a mild rash through handling them.[16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wray Vamplew (2005). Encyclopedia of Traditional British Rural Sports. Psychology Press. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-0-415-35224-6.
  2. ↑ Iona and Peter Opie, Children's Games in Street and Playground: Chasing, catching, seeking, hunting, racing, duelling, exerting, daring, guessing, acting, pretending, Oxford: Clarendon, 1969, p. 232.
  3. 1 2 Robert Hendrickson (1993). Ladybugs, tiger lilies, and wallflowers. Prentice Hall General Reference. ISBN 978-0-671-79910-6.
  4. ↑ Alice Bertha Gomme (1894). The traditional games of England, Scotland, and Ireland: with tunes, singing-rhymes, and methods of playing according to the variants extant and recorded in different parts of the Kingdom. D. Nutt. pp. 77–. refers to Conkers as "the same game as Cogger" and states that it is more generally known as "plying with a hard nut".
  5. ↑ "All About Conkers". www.worldconkerchampionships.com. Ashton Conker Club. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  6. ↑ McGrinder, Jack (2004). "CONKERS CHAMPIONSHIPS: Still bonkers about conkers". www.thefreelibrary.com. Scottish Daily Record. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  7. ↑ Monograph on Hymenaea courbaril (Spanish), p. 1
  8. ↑ "World Conker Championships news". Retrieved 2013-04-10.
  9. 1 2 "Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens". historicgardens.com.
  10. ↑ http://www.annapolisroyalconkerclub.ca/
  11. ↑ http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/conkers2.htm
  12. ↑ "Conkers hit by legal fears". ews.bbc.co.uk. BBC News. 8 December 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  13. ↑ "Van conkers". Top Gear. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
  14. ↑ "Myth: Kids must wear goggles to play conkers". Health and Safety Executive. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  15. ↑ "Conkers get safety group backing". BBC News. 2008-09-26. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  16. ↑ BBC News: School bans 'nut allergy' conkers (7 October 2009) (Accessed 2009-03-18)

External links

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