Continuous duty overnight
Continuous duty overnights (CDOs) are also referred to as "stand-ups", "naps", or "high-speeds" is a scheduling practice used in regional airline operations to circumvent, or "outsmart" government flight crew minimum rest requirements. A few major airlines (such as US Airways) also use them.
A crew working a CDO will generally operate the last flight out at night, have on duty time on the ground (anywhere from 0–8 hours) at the destination and then operate the first flight back in the morning. Since the break between flights is not sufficient to qualify as a free from duty rest period, the crewmembers remain continuously on duty, even though they may have been provided with a hotel room for rest. Crew members would normally require 9 hours of consecutive rest for a scheduled flight time of less than 8 hours.[1] Since crews can legally be kept on duty up to 16 hours the airlines use this to circumvent the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) minimum crew rest requirements by keeping the crew on duty for the entire night. Another factor is delays. Because of this set up; delays taken throughout the day that result in a delay the last flight (first flight of a CDO) do not impact the first flight the next day. It would simply reduce the amount of time the crew are on the ground.
The continuous duty overnight schedule could be flown 3–5 times consecutively (i.e., back-to-back).[2]
Examples
- Flight crew report to the airport at 2040 (8:40 pm), which means the crew will have to arrive earlier to park, clear airport security, and get to their operations office to check in. Then they would fly from 2147 to 0037 (2-hour, 50-minute flight). Once at their destination they have 6 hours 13 minutes on the ground. In that time they have to ride to and check in (about 20 minutes) at the hotel. They would get to their hotel room about 0100 and have to be awake at 0530 (30 minutes to get ready) for the 0600 shuttle to the airport, leaving the crew about 4 hours and 30 minutes of “rest”. A 0650 departure and 2-hour, 18-minute return trip gets them to the gate at 0908. After unloading they would be released (still at the aircraft) at 0923. That is a total of 12 hours and 43 minutes on duty, and 5 hours and 8 minutes of flying.
- Flight crew report at 2100, fly from 2200 to 2300, "stand-up" on duty overnight from 2315 to 0515, then fly 0600 to 0700, followed by a rest period from 0700 to 1700. The flight crew would then report at 1700, fly 1800 to 1900, "stand-up" on duty 1915 to 0115, and then fly 0200 to 0300. This example involves only one-hour flights, which are less than the times and number of segments that might typically be flown.
Other issues
Some crews are not provided a hotel by their airline or want to make the most of their time on the ground and resort to sleeping on board in the crew rest compartment or other rest facility. Pilots take off their ties and hang up their shirts. "You don't want to look unprofessional after sleeping in an aircraft," another pilot said. "There are some people that bring sleeping bags and pillows and their own blankets so they don't have to use the airline blankets." In airline slang, this is called 'a camp out.' [3]
A Small Sampling of Incidents/Accidents from CDOs
Runway incursion at Cleveland Hopkins International [4]
Runway incursion at Baltimore-Washington International Airport [5]
Broke 10,000 speed restriction near DTW [6]
Takeoff from the wrong runway at La Crosse [7]
Crew taxied to the incorrect runway at Jacksonville [8]
Low altitude on an ILS approach at Akron-Canton [9]
Takeoff without clearance at Cincinnati [10]
Takeoff in the wrong aircraft at La Crosse [11]
Takeoff without required fuel at Atlanta [12]
Lined up to land on the wrong runway at Chicago O'Hare [13]
Runway incursion at Dallas Fort Worth [14]
Takeoff in the wrong aircraft in Denver [15]
Runway incursion at Kalamazoo [16]
References
- ↑ Accident of American Eagle 4925, NTSB, Factual Accident Report
- ↑ Fatigue Factors in Regional Airline Operations, NTSB
- ↑ Tired pilots forced to sleep on plane, WFAA Channel 8
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, 37,000 feet
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA
- ↑ NASA ASRA Report, FAA