Countryman line

A Countryman line is an uncountable linear ordering whose square is the union of countably many chains. The existence of Countryman lines was first proven by Shelah. Shelah also conjectured that, assuming PFA, every Aronszajn line contains a Countryman line. This conjecture, which remained open for three decades, was proven by Justin Moore.

References

Shelah, Saharon (1976). "Decomposing uncountable squares to countably many chains". Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A. 21 (1): 110–114. doi:10.1016/0097-3165(76)90053-4.
Moore, Justin (2006). "A five element basis for the uncountable linear orders". Annals of Mathematics. Second Series. 163 (2): 669–688. doi:10.4007/annals.2006.163.669.

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