Down Street tube station

Down Street
The station features a red glazed terracotta façade common to most built by the UERL
Down Street Location of Down Street in Central London
Location	Mayfair
Local authority	City of Westminster
Owner	Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway
Number of platforms	2
Key dates
1907	Opened
1932	Closed
Replaced by	None
Other information
Lists of stations	DLR Underground National Rail Tramlink
WGS84	51°30′16″N 0°08′51″W / 51.5044°N 0.1475°WCoordinates: 51°30′16″N 0°08′51″W / 51.5044°N 0.1475°W
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Down Street, also known as Down Street (Mayfair), is a disused station on the London Underground, located in Mayfair, west London. It was opened in 1907 by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway. It was latterly served by the Piccadilly line and was situated between Dover Street (now named Green Park) and Hyde Park Corner stations.

The station was little used and trains often passed through it without stopping. Its lack of patronage coupled with its proximity to other stations resulted in its closure in 1932. During the Second World War it was used as a bunker by prime minister Winston Churchill and his War Cabinet. The station building survives today and is close to Down Street's junction with Piccadilly. Part of it is now converted to a retail outlet.

History

Operation

Plan of station at the lower level as originally built

The station is in Down Street in Mayfair, just off Piccadilly and a short distance from Park Lane. It lies between Green Park (originally named Dover Street) and Hyde Park Corner on the Piccadilly line. It was opened by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR; the precursor to the Piccadilly line) on 15 March 1907, a few months after the rest of the line opened.^{[1][note 1]} The delay was due to difficulties in purchasing the site for the station building and agreeing a safe layout of the passages below ground with the Board of Trade.^{[2][note 2]} The surface building was designed by the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's (UERL's) architect Leslie Green in the UERL house style of a two-storey steel-framed building faced with red glazed terracotta blocks, with wide semi-circular windows on the upper floor.^[4] The station had a pair of Otis lifts, with the platforms located 22.2 metres (73 ft) below the street level of Piccadilly.^[5]

Down Street was never a busy station, as the surrounding area was largely residential and its residents mostly wealthy enough to travel by other means. The neighbouring stations were also close by, with Dover Street station about 550 metres (600 yd) to the east and Hyde Park Corner 500 metres (550 yd) to the west, .^[6] From 1909, like Brompton Road, Down Street was often skipped by trains. From 1918 it was closed on Sundays.^[6]

Down Street station on a 1912 Tube map

In 1929, Down Street was one of the stations suggested for closure in connection with the extension of the Piccadilly line: the elimination of less-busy stations in the central area would improve both reliability and journey times for long-distance commuters.^{[6][note 3]} Additionally, the neighbouring stations were being rebuilt with escalators in place of lifts and their new entrances were even nearer to Down Street, further squeezing its catchment area. The station was permanently closed on 21 May 1932.^[1]

After the station was closed it was almost immediately modified. The western headwalls of both platform tunnels were rebuilt to allow a step plate junction to be installed,^{[note 4]} providing access from the eastbound and westbound tunnels to a new siding located between Down Street and Hyde Park Corner. The siding is mainly used to reverse westbound trains, but could also be used for servicing trains. The siding tunnel is accessible at its western end through a small foot tunnel constructed from Hyde Park Corner station.^[7] The lifts were removed and the shafts adapted to provide additional tunnel ventilation.^[8]

Wartime use and after

The station was selected for use as an underground bunker in early 1939 as part of a programme of developing deep shelters to protect government operations from bombing in the event of war.^[8] The platform faces were bricked up and the enclosed platform areas and space in the circulation passages were divided up into offices, meeting rooms and dormitories.^[9][10] The engineering and structural work was carried out by the London Passenger Transport Board and the fitting-out of the rooms and installation of the power and communications equipment was done by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.^[9] A two-person lift was installed in the original emergency stairwell and a telephone exchange, toilets and bathrooms were added.^[8] The main occupant of the shelter was the Railway Executive Committee, but it was also used by prime minister Winston Churchill and his war cabinet until the Cabinet War Rooms were ready for use.^[11] Churchill called the establishment at Down Street "The Barn".^[11]

Since the end of the war, the station has been used only as an emergency exit point from the Underground.^[8]

In April 2015, Transport for London announced that it was seeking proposals for the commercial use of parts of the surface building, disused lift shaft and underground passages.^[12] Suggested possible uses included a restaurant, a bar, a theatre, a gallery or retail space.^[13]

Use in media

Down Street is the inspiration for a location in the television series and novel Neverwhere,^[14] where it provides an entrance to an underground labyrinth. A much modified and expanded version of the station appears as a part of a level in the video game Shadow Man.^[15]

Part of the 2004 British horror film Creep was set in Down Street station, although the scenes were actually shot at the disused Aldwych station and on studio sets.^[16] The British band Hefner released a song titled "Down Street" on their 2006 album Catfight; according to its sleeve notes, it is set in the early 1930s and tells the story of two lovers who meet at the station. Steve Hackett also recorded a song titled "Down Street" on his 2006 album Wild Orchids, about the station.^[17]

The station features in Billy Connolly's World Tour Of England, Ireland and Wales,^[18] Dan Cruickshank's National Geographic Channel series Great Railway Adventures^[19] and the 2012 TV Series The Tube.^[20]

Notes and references

Notes

1. The rest of the GNP&BR opened on 15 December 1906.^[1]
2. Prior to opening, the intention to name the station "Mayfair" was reported in the Railway Gazette (February 1907), but the station opened with the original planned name. Later, roundel signage fixed to platform walls included "(Mayfair)" as a suffix.^[3]
3. The report recommending closure recorded that the station had an annual usage of 1,236,250 passengers and takings of £5,005. The other stations considered for closure were York Road (closed 1932), Brompton Road (closed 1934), Regent's Park, Mornington Crescent, Hyde Park Corner, Gillespie Road (now Arsenal), Gloucester Road and Covent Garden.^[6]
4. A step plate junction is constructed where tunnels of differing diameters join. The step is the vertical wall filling the gap between them.

References

1. Rose 1999.
2. Connor 2006, p. 28.
3. Connor 2006, pp. 31–32.
4. Wolmar 2005, p. 175.
5. Station plan.Connor 2006, pp. 28–29.
6. Connor 2006, p. 31.
7. Connor 2006, p. 32.
8. Connor 2006, p. 33.
9. Emmerson & Beard 2004, p. 77.
10. Original drawings."Site Records - Down Street Station". Subterranea Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
11. Emmerson & Beard 2004, p. 78.
12. "TfL seeks partner to transform disused Down Street Station". Transport for London. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
13. "Down Street: A Commercial Opportunity" (PDF). Transport for London. 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
14. "Neverwhere, Down Street". BBC. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
15. "Let's Play Shadow Man Part 47 - Down St Station". YouTube. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
16. "London Underground Film Office". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010.
17. Gerlach, Steffen. Klinkhardt, Martin, ed. "Steve Hackett - Wild Orchids - Review - Street Date: 11 September 2006". Genesis-news.com. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
18. "London". Billy Connolly's World Tour of England, Ireland and Wales. Episode 5. 8 April 2002. BBC.
19. "War Heroes". Great Railway Adventures. Episode 3. 2010. National Geographic Channel.
20. "Ghost Stations". The Tube. Episode 5. 5 April 2012. BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

Bibliography

• Connor, J. E. (2006) [1999]. London's Disused Underground Stations (2nd (revised) ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-250-X.
• Emmerson, Andrew; Beard, Tony (2004). London's Secret Tubes. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-283-6.
• Rose, Douglas (1999) [1980]. The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History (7th ed.). Douglas Rose/Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-219-4.
• Wolmar, Christian (2005) [2004]. The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-023-1.

External links

• London Transport Museum Photographic Archive: Down Street station shortly after opening.
• Underground History: Down Street.
• London's Abandoned Tube Stations: Down Street station.
• Photographs of current condition of station.