Dushmani family
| Current region | Between Zadrima plain and Albanian Alps |
|---|---|
| Members | Goranin, Damjan, Nenad, Lekë Dushmani, Pal Dushmani, Božidar, Antonio Dusmani, Sofoklis Dousmanis and Viktor Dousmanis |
| Estate | Pult and Zadrima |
|
14th century: Vassals of Balšić family 1402 — Ottoman vassals 1403 — Venetian vassals 1444— Member of the League of Lezhë | |
The Dushmani was an Albanian noble family which ruled a territory in northern Albania, from Zadrima plain to Albanian Alps, during the 14th and 15th centuries.
History
They are mentioned first in the mid-14th century in Venetian charters, as vassals of the Balšić.[1] A member of the family, Gjin Dushmani, was mentioned together with other Albanian feudals, as a commander of Albanian auxiliary troops at the Battle of Ankara in 1402.[2] After the Ottoman defeat they offered themselves as vassals to the Republic of Venice in 1403.[3] On 2 June 1403, the Venetian Senate confirmed Goranin, Damjan and Nenad of the Dushmani family the rule over Pult.[4] Members of the family were also Catholic clergy; among whom was Pal Dushmani, mentioned as Bishop of Pult (“Dusmanus ep. Polat.”) in 1427.[5] Another member of the family, Lekë Dushmani, was mentioned as one of the founders of the League of Lezhë.[6] His daughter Irene Dushmani became famous while there was a dispute for her which brought the first defection among the members of League of Lezhë which led toward the Albanian–Venetian War of 1447–1448.[7] Alongside the Spani family, the Dushmani were against the war with Venice and did not participate in it.
In March 1451 Lekë Dukagjini and Božidar Dushmani planned to attack Venetian-controlled Drivast.[8] Their plot was discovered and Božidar was forced into exile.[9]
In July 1452, the Pope sent Pal Dushmani to settle the conflict between Lekë Dukagjini and Skanderbeg.[10]
Dousmanis
According to Demetrios Sicilianos, the Dousmanis family in Greece ultimately descended from the 15th-century Albanian nobleman Lekas (Alexander) Dousmanis, whose family took refuge in Greece after the Ottoman conquest of Albania by Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1444–81).[11]
References
- ↑ Great Ottoman Turkish civilization Volume 4 of The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilisation, Kemal Çiçek Authors Kemal Çiçek, Ercüment Kuran Editors Kemal Çiçek, Ercüment Kuran, Nejat Göyünç, İlber Ortaylı Publisher Yeni Türkiye, 2000 ISBN 978-975-6782-21-7
- ↑ Islamic studies, Volume 36, Issues 2-4 Authors Islamic Research Institute (Pakistan), Central Institute of Islamic Research (Pakistan) Publisher Islamic Research Institute, 1997 p. 195
- ↑ Some tribal origins, laws and customs of the Balkans Volume 2 of Human relations area files: Albania Author Mary Edith Durham Publisher George Allen & Unwin, 1928 p. 28
- ↑ Antonović, Miloš (2003). Town and district in littoral of Zeta and northern Albania in XIVth and XVth century (in Serbian). p. 273. ISBN 9788677430313. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
Наjстариjоj по- знатоj rенерациjи Душмана - Горанину, Додану и Ненади, Сенат jе 2. VI 1403. потврдио власт над Пилотом.
- ↑ STATUTET E DRISHTIT DHE E DREJTA URBANE NË PERIUDHËN ARBËRORE by Shaban SINANI PERLA – Revistë shkencore – Kulturore tremujore Viti X 2005 Nr. 4 (39) fq. 27-57 Botuesi: Fondacioni Kulturor “Saadi Shirazi” – Tiranë (in Albanian)
- ↑ George Castroiti Scanderbeg (1405-1468) Author Fan Stylian Noli Publisher International Universities Press, 1947 p. 36
- ↑ George Castroiti Scanderbeg (1405-1468) Author Fan Stylian Noli Publisher International Universities Press, 1947 p. 39
- ↑ Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2001). Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479). München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München. p. 308. ISBN 3-486-56569--9. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
Die eigene Herrschaft im Norden war nicht ungefährdet, wie die Aufdeckung eines Anschlags Božidar Dushmans und Leka Dukagjins gegen Drivasto erwies (Marz 1451),..
- ↑ Bešić, Zarij M. (1970). Istorija Črne Gore, Volume 2, Part 2 (in Serbian). Titograd: Redakcija za istoriju Črne Gore. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
У Дривасту je окупљао млетачке противнике Божидар Душман и, у спрези с Леком Дукађином, припремао побуну у граду и по селима. Завјера je откривена и Bијеће четрдесеторице осудило га je у марту 1451. год. на тридесетогодишње изгнанство с Млетачких поседа у Албанији
- ↑ Spomenik, Volumes 95-97 (in Serbian). Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. 1942. p. xv. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
Рим, јули 1452: Папа Никола V шаље Павла Душмана, бискупа у Дривасту, да изравна спор између Скендербега и Дукађина
- ↑ Demetrios Sicilianos (1960). Old and new Athens. Putnam. p. 223.
THE DOUSMANI FAMILY It is of Albanian extraction. Their forbear Lekas (Alexander) Dousmanis, prince of a part of Albania, fought with George Castriotis (or Scanderbeg) against the Turks (1468). After the capture of Albania by Mehmet, the Dousmani took refuge in Greece. Two centuries later, when the Turks retook Athens after the Venetian withdrawal, George Dousmanis, who was established here, followed the Venetians into the Peloponnese ; first he went to Argos, and thence to Gastouni in Elis. He fought on...