Edward Johnson (tenor)

Edward Patrick Johnson

Johnson as Pelléas in Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande at the Metropolitan Opera in 1925
General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera
In office
1935–1950
Preceded by Herbert Witherspoon
Succeeded by Rudolf Bing
Personal details
Born (1878-08-22)August 22, 1878
Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Died April 20, 1959(1959-04-20) (aged 80)
Guelph Memorial Gardens, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Edward Patrick Johnson, CBE (22 August 1878 – 20 April 1959) was a Canadian operatic tenor who was billed outside North America as Edoardo Di Giovanni. He became general manager of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City from 1935 to 1950.

Early life

Born in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Johnson was the son of James Johnson and the former Margaret Jane Brown. The young tenor sang in his local church choir and at events in the Guelph area. At a concert in Stratford, Ontario in 1897, contralto Edith Miller encouraged him to move to New York and pursue a singing career. He sang as a soloist with several church choirs in the New York area. After this period he did much concert work, touring through the Mid-West with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and singing in many Music Festivals throughout the country.[1] After a peripatetic existence for some years, working in a variety of venues and training with several masters, he made his concert debut at Carnegie Hall in 1904.

Johnson sang the lead role in the North American premiere of Oscar Straus's A Waltz Dream in 1907. In 1908 he moved to Paris, France and began training under Richard Barthélemy. He married Beatrice d'Arneiro, in London, in August 1909. His only child, Fiorenza, was born 21 Dec 1910. She married George Drew who later became Premier of Ontario and Federal Leader of the Opposition, and died in 1965.

Opera career

Edward Johnson

Johnson went to Italy in 1909, studying voice with Vincenzo Lombardi, in Florence.[1] When singing outside North America, Johnson called himself Edoardo Di Giovanni. He made his opera debut on 10 January 1912 as Andrea Chénier at Padua's Teatro Verdi. After his début in Padua, he became leading tenor at La Scala, Milan, for five consecutive seasons. In Rome he spent four seasons at the Costanzi Theatre, where, among other roles, he sang Luigi and Rinuccio in the Italian premiere of Il trittico.[1][2] In 1914 he sang the title role in the first performance in Italian of Richard Wagner's Parsifal, under the baton of Arturo Toscanini.[3] He sang in Madrid, Rio de Janeiro, and Buenos Aires. His London debut was in Gounod's Faust, alongside Nellie Melba.[3]

Johnson made his North American opera debut on 20 November 1919 as Loris in Giordano's Fedora with the Chicago Opera. He remained in Chicago for three years. Johnson made his Metropolitan Opera debut on 16 November 1922, as Avito in Italo Montemezzi's L'amore dei tre re. He remained with the Met for thirteen years as a singer. He notably created the title role in the world premiere of Deems Taylor's The King's Henchman in 1927. His last performance was on 20 March 1935.

As an opera director

In May 1935, Johnson became general manager of the Metropolitan Opera, succeeding Herbert Witherspoon, who died just six weeks into his tenure.[4] Johnson held the position for fifteen years.

Retirement

Johnson retired from the Met on June 15, 1950 and was succeeded by Rudolf Bing.[5] He returned to Guelph, promoting musical education and serving as chairman of the board of the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. He established the Edward Johnson Music Foundation, sponsor of the annual Guelph Spring Festival.

He suffered a heart attack and died while attending a National Ballet recital at the Guelph Memorial Gardens.

Thoughts on singing

"If you get right down to the bottom, there are in reality not so many singing rules to learn. You sing on the five vowels, and when you can do them loudly, softly, and with mezzo voce, you have a foundation upon which to build vocal mastery. And yet some people study eight, ten years without really laying the foundation. Why should it take the singer such a long time to master the material of his equipment? A lawyer or doctor, after leaving college, devotes three or four years only to preparing himself for his profession, receives his diploma, then sets up in business. It ought not to be so much more difficult to learn to sing than to learn these other professions." Edward Johnson[1]
"Of course the ear is the most important factor, our greatest ally. It helps us imitate. Imitation forms a large part of our study. We hear a beautiful tone; we try to imitate it; we try in various ways, with various placements, until we succeed in producing the sound we have been seeking. Then we endeavor to remember the sensations experienced in order that we may repeat the tone at will. So you see Listening, Imitation and Memory are very important factors in the student's development." Edward Johnson[1]
"The old Italian operas cultivate the bel canto, that is—beautiful singing. Of course it is well for the singer to cultivate this first of all, for it is excellent, and necessary for the voice. But modern Italian opera portrays the real men and women of to-day, who live, enjoy, suffer, are angry and repentant. Bel canto will not express these emotions. When a man is jealous or in a rage, he will not stand quietly in the middle of the stage and sing beautiful tones." Edward Johnson[1]
"I feel that if I have worked out a characterization, I must stick to my idea, in spite of what others say. It is my own conception, and I must either stand or fall by it. At times I have tried to follow the suggestions of this or that critic and have changed my interpretation to suit their taste. But it always rendered me self conscious, made my work unnatural and caused me speedily to return to my own conception." Edward Johnson[1]

Honours and awards

Orders and decorations

Honorary degrees

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Harriette Brower (1917) Vocal Mastery: Talks with Master Singers and Teachers
  2. ↑ Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).[http://www.amadeusonline.net/almanacco?r=&alm_giorno=11&alm_mese=01&alm_anno=1919&alm_testo=Il_tabarro "Il tabarro, 11 January 1919"]. Almanacco Amadeus (Italian).
  3. 1 2 3 Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed., 1954, Eric Blom ed.
  4. ↑ "Witherspoon Dies In Office At Opera On Eve Of Sailing. New Manager of Metropolitan Is Victim of Sudden Heart Attack After Day's Work". New York Times. May 11, 1935. Retrieved 2015-08-12. Herbert Witherspoon, the new general manager of the Metropolitan Opera, died suddenly yesterday afternoon in the executive offices at the opera house that he had occupied for only two weeks, since the departure of Giulio Gatti-Casazza. ...
  5. ↑ "Johnson To Leave 'Met' Tomorrow. Ends Opera Duties". New York Times. June 14, 1950. Retrieved 2015-08-28. Edward Johnson will vacate the office of the general manager of the Metropolitan Opera tomorrow after occupying it for fifteen years. Though his contract expired on May 31, he remained at his post to complete his final report ...
  • McCready, Louise G. "Edward Johnson", in her Famous Musicians, in series, Canadian Portraits (Toronto: Clarke, Irwin & Co., 1957), p. [29]-67, ill. with sketched ports.
Preceded by
Herbert Witherspoon		 General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera
1935-1950 		Succeeded by
Rudolf Bing
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