Emperor Yingzong of Song

Emperor Yingzong of Song 宋英宗
Palace portrait on a hanging scroll, kept in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
Emperor of the Song dynasty
Reign	1 May 1063 - 25 January 1067
Predecessor	Emperor Renzong
Successor	Emperor Shenzong
Born	Zhao Zongshi (1036–1062) Zhao Shu (1062–1067)[lower-alpha 1] 16 February 1032[lower-alpha 2]
Died	25 January 1067 (aged 34)
Empress	Empress Gao
Concubines	Consort Bao Consort Zhang
Issue	Zhao Xu Zhao Hao Zhao Yan Zhao Jun Princess Dening Princess Bao'an Princess Shoukang Princess of Shu
Era dates Zhiping (治平; 1064-1067) Posthumous name Tiqian Yingli Longgong Shengde Xianwen Suwu Ruisheng Xuanxiao Huangdi (體乾應歷隆功盛德憲文肅武睿聖宣孝皇帝) (awarded in 1083) Temple name Yingzong (英宗)
House	House of Zhao
Father	Zhao Yunrang
Mother	Lady Ren

Emperor Yingzong of Song
Chinese	宋英宗
Literal meaning	"Excellent Ancestor of the Song"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Sòng Yīngzōng
Zhao Shu
Traditional Chinese	趙曙
Simplified Chinese	赵曙
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhào Shǔ
Zhao Zongshi
Traditional Chinese	趙宗實
Simplified Chinese	赵宗实
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhào Zōngshí

Emperor Yingzong of Song (16 February 1032 – 25 January 1067), personal name Zhao Shu, was the fifth emperor of the Song dynasty in China. His original personal name was Zhao Zongshi but it was changed to "Zhao Shu" in 1062 by imperial decree. He reigned from 1063 to his death in 1067. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Emperor Shenzong.

In 1055, Emperor Yingzong's predecessor, Emperor Renzong, became critically ill and started to worry about having no successor because his sons all died prematurely. Acting on the advice of his ministers, Emperor Renzong agreed to bring two of his younger male relatives into his palace. One of them was the future Emperor Yingzong, who was eventually chosen and designated as the Crown Prince. Emperor Yingzong was the 13th son of Zhao Yunrang (趙允讓; 995–1059), who was a first cousin of Emperor Renzong and was posthumously known as "Prince Yi of Pu'an" (濮安懿王). Emperor Yingzong's grandfather, Zhao Yuanfen (趙元份; 969–1005), was a younger brother of Emperor Renzong's father, Emperor Zhenzong, and was posthumously known as "Prince Jing of Shanggong" (商恭靖王). Emperor Yingzong's mother, whose maiden family name was Ren (任), was the third wife of Zhao Yunrang. She held the title "Xianjun^{[lower-alpha 3]} of Xianyou" (仙遊縣君).

Emperor Yingzong's empress consort was Empress Gao. As Emperor Yingzong was sickly, Emperor Renzong's widow, Empress Dowager Cao, served as his regent.

Emperor Yingzong's reign is known for controversy over the correct rituals to be performed by the emperor for his father. Emperor Yingzong had been adopted by Emperor Renzong, so Emperor Renzong was nominally Emperor Yingzong's father. However, biologically, Zhao Yunrang was Emperor Yingzong's father. Some officials suggested that Emperor Yingzong honour his biological father with the title "Imperial Uncle", but the emperor agreed with Ouyang Xiu and others and decided to honour his biological father as his parent. This was not only an early sign of more conflict during Emperor Xiaozong's reign but also the Great Rites Controversy of the Ming dynasty.

See also

• List of emperors of the Song dynasty
• Architecture of the Song dynasty
• Culture of the Song dynasty
• Economy of the Song dynasty
• History of the Song dynasty
• Society of the Song dynasty
• Technology of the Song dynasty

Notes

1. Had his name changed to "Zhao Shu" in 1062 when he was officially designated as the Crown Prince. This name became his official name when he ascended the throne in the following year.
2. Dates given here are in the Julian calendar not the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
3. Xianjun was a title literally meaning "first lady of the county," which was given to the wives of a certain category of Chinese civil servants in imperial times.

References

• Toqto'a, ed. (1343). History of Song. Volume 13: Biography of Emperor Yingzong.