Endell Street

The immediate vicinity of Endell Street
Endell Street looking towards Holborn

Endell Street, originally known as Belton Street, is a street in London's West End that runs from High Holborn in the north to Long Acre and Bow Street, Covent Garden, in the south.

Location

Endell Street is crossed only by Shorts Gardens and Shelton Street. Betterton Street adjoins Endell Street between the two on the eastern side. The northern end of the street is in the London Borough of Camden, the south in the City of Westminster.

History

The land on which the southern part of Endell Street is built was originally owned by William Short, who leased it to Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox, in 1623–24. Lennox House was built on the site which eventually passed to Sir John Brownlow who began to build from 1682. Belton Street was created, named after the Brownlow's country seat in Lincolnshire, Belton House.[1] Henry Wheatley writes that the southern end of the street from Castle Street to Short's Gardens was originally known as Old Belton Street, the northern end from Short's Gardens to St Giles, was known as New Belton Street.[2]

In the seventeenth century, Queen Anne is supposed to have bathed in the waters from a medical spring there at a site known as Queen Anne's Bath.[3]

The modern Endell Street was created according to the reforming plans of architect James Pennethorne.[4]

Charles Lethbridge Kingsford states that the street was built in 1846 when Belton Street was widened and extended northwards to Broad Street (now in High Holborn).[1] The street is believed to have been named after the Reverend James Endell Tyler, rector of St Giles in the Fields in the 1840s.[3] The British Lying-In Hospital was relocated to a purpose-built building on Endell Street in 1849.[5][6]

Listed buildings

Premises of Lavers and Barraud

There are eight listed buildings in Endell Street, including:

Lavers and Barraud stained glass studio

The Lavers and Barraud stained glass studio and railings at number 22, designed by R.J. Withers in Gothic style 1859, is a Grade II listed building.[7]

Cross Keys public house

The Cross Keys public house at number 31, constructed 1848-49, is a Grade II listed building.[8]

Latchfords Timber Yard

The nineteenth century Latchfords Timber Yard and attached timber sheds at number 61 are Grade II listed.[9]

Swiss Protestant Church

The Swiss Protestant Church at number 79, was designed by George Vulliamy and built 1853-4. It is Grade II listed.[10]

Inhabitants

The watercolour painter William Henry Hunt was born at 8 Old Belton Street (7 Endell Street) in 1790.[2]

Endell Street Military Hospital

Endell Street Military Hospital, c. 1915

During the first world war a military hospital operated from Endell Street, staffed entirely by women. The hospital was opened in 1915 by suffragists Dr Flora Murray and Dr Louisa Garrett Anderson and treated 24,000 patients and carried out over 7,000 operations. It closed in 1919.[11][12] The hospital was sited on land formerly used as the St Giles Union Workhouse.

St Paul's Hospital

St Paul's Hospital relocated from Red Lion Square to 24 Endell Street in 1923. It became the first artificial kidney unit in the United Kingdom in 1959 and performed the first kidney dialysis in the U.K. in 1961. The building is now The Hospital Club.[13]

Clubs

Endell Street has been the home to several clubs.

Advertising for the Caravan Club, 1934

The Caravan Club

The basement of number 81 was home from July 1934 to the Caravan Club that advertised itself as "London's Greatest Bohemian Rendezvous said to be the most unconventional spot in town" which was code for being gay-friendly. The club helpfully promised "All night gaiety".[14] It was run by Jack Rudolph Neaves, known as "Iron Foot Jack" on account of the metal leg brace he wore, and was frequented by both gay men and lesbian women. It was financed by small-time criminal Billy Reynolds. The club came to the attention of the police almost straight away and in August local residents complained "It's absolutely a sink of iniquity".[15] The club was raided on 25 August and a number of men arrested. Their subsequent trial locally at Bow Street Magistrates Court caused a sensation reported in the News of the World.[16]

The Hospital Club

Main article: The Hospital Club

The Hospital Club opened in 2003 at number 24 to serve the members of London's media and creative industries. It is on the site of the former St Paul's Hospital.

References

  1. 1 2 Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge. (1925). The early history of Piccadilly Leicester Square Soho & their neighbourhood based on a plan drawn in 1585 and published by the London Topographical Society in 1925. Cambridge: University Press. p. 35.
  2. 1 2 Wheatley, Henry B. (1891). London past and present: Its history, associations, and traditions. I. London: John Murray. Cambridge University Press reprint, 2011. p. 157. ISBN 9781108028066.
  3. 1 2 Hibbert, Christopher (2010). The London Encyclopaedia. London: Pan Macmillan. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2.
  4. ↑ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50178
  5. ↑ "Information Leaflet Number 35 Records of patients in London hospitals" (PDF). London Metropolitan Archives. City of London. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  6. ↑ Ryan, Thomas (1885). The History of Queen Charlotte's Lying-in Hospital. pp. ix–xv.
  7. ↑ NUMBER 22 AND ATTACHED RAILINGS. English Heritage. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  8. ↑ CROSS KEYS PUBLIC HOUSE. English Heritage. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  9. ↑ LATCHFORDS TIMBER YARD INCLUDING ATTACHED TIMBER SHEDS. English Heritage. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  10. ↑ SWISS PROTESTANT CHURCH. English Heritage. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  11. ↑ Endell Street, London: Only All-Female Run Military Hospital. BBC, 3 February 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  12. ↑ Hacker, Barton; Vining, Margaret. (Eds.) (2012). A Companion to Women's Military History. Brill. p. 193. ISBN 90-04-21217-5.
  13. ↑ About Us. The Hospital Club. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  14. ↑ Houlbrook, Matt. (2006). Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–1957. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-226-35462-0.
  15. ↑ Jennings, Rebecca. (2007). Tomboys and Bachelor Girls: A Lesbian History of Post-War Britain 1945–71. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-7190-7544-5.
  16. ↑ Houlbrook, 2006, p. 162.

Media related to Endell Street, London at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 51°30′52″N 0°07′28″W / 51.51442°N 0.12441°W / 51.51442; -0.12441

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