1st Combat Evaluation Group

1st Combat Evaluation Group
Active 1961–1989
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
Role Standardization & evaluation
Part of Strategic Air Command HQ
Engagements Battle of Lima Site 85

The 1st Combat Evaluation Group (initially "1CEG", later "1CEVG") was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) unit. It was formed on 1 August 1961 to merge the 3908th Strategic Standardization Group for SAC aircrew evaluation with the 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group that had originated from the 263rd Army Air Force Base Unit which transferred from 15th AF to directly under Strategic Air Command c. 1946.[1] The 1CEVG formed after SAC switched to low-level tactics to counter Soviet surface-to-air missiles ("Oil Burner" training routes in 1959)[2][3] and SAC had "developed a Radar Bomb Scoring field kit for use in NIKE Systems" in early 1960 for scoring SAC training missions against US Hercules SAM sites.[4] The 1CEVG headquarters included an Office of History[1] and a "standardization and evaluation school" for command examiners.[5]

Standardization and Evaluation

The 1CEVG deputy commander for standardization and evaluation was responsible for performance assessment of SAC tanker and bomber flight crews.[6] 1CEVG also evaluated the RC-135 units at Eielson, Kadena, and Offutt, the flight crew standardization of the U-2, the DC-130 reconnaissance drone program, CH-3 helicopter drone recovery program, [and] the SR-71 program at Beale AFB.[7]

The Fairchild Trophy was Strategic Air Command's top Bombardment Award, for which the Group administered flight checks and evaluated standardization and training activities.[8]

Divisions

1CEVG included a Command Instrument Flight Division[9] and an RBS Division with 3 squadrons.

Radar Bomb Scoring Division

The Radar Bomb Scoring Division controlled the group's Radar Bomb Scoring units. As with the preceding 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group at Carswell AFB, the division had 3 Radar Bomb Scoring Squadrons (10th, 11th, 12th) with RBS detachments at fixed radar stations and at semi-mobile radar stations. The semi-mobile stations called Mobile Duty Locations (MDLs) were sites set up for SAC special missions, with their equipment, trailers, books, etc., stored at Barksdale AFB when not in use. Each squadron manned an RBS Express train, but the squadrons were inactivated in 1966 after Vietnam War deployments had begun. The three squadrons in 1959 had 29 AUTOTRACK sites[10] 1CEVG temporary duty personnel at Nike Defense Areas also scored mock SAC raids tracked by the Army.

RBS trains were inactivated later in the war after the 1968-9 Project 693 discharging 1st term SAC airmen up to 11 months early. The division included a maintenance office.[11] After the Vietnam War ended, the annual Combat Skyspot trophy was awarded for the outstanding RBS detachment (e.g., Louis Blotner Radar Bomb Scoring Site (Ashland Det 7) in 1985).[12]

The squadrons initially used Matador Automatic Radar Control (AN/MSQ-1) and AN/MSQ-2 automatic tracking radar/computer systems. The Reeves AN/MSQ-35 Bomb Scoring Central was developed for the division (mid-1963 testing was at the White Sands Missile Range.)[13] During the Vietnam War, the Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site used a Soviet T2A for training crews to jam the signal. Three US bombing systems developed during the war (AN/MSQ-77, AN/TSQ-81, & AN/TSQ-96) were used post-war in the United States by the RBS Division, which replaced them with the c. 1980 solid-state US Dynamics AN/TPQ-43 Bomb Scoring Set (SEEK SCORE) developed from the AN/TPB-1C Course Directing Central.[14]

The Electronic Systems Division 806L "Range Threat" systems for electronic warfare simulation were developedfor use by 1CEVG late in the Cold War.[15] Such systems included the US Dynamics AN/MST-T1 Miniature-Multiple Threat Emitter Simulator (MUTES), for which the group evaluated the prototype in 1977 (operational in October 1978). Similarly, TLQ-11 jammer improvements were in 1978, and in 1979 1CEVG members completed a prototype study and testing of the new Threat Reaction Analysis Indicator System (TRAINS) for analyzing how aircrews and avionics reacted to ground-based threats.

At the end of the Cold War, most RBS detachments were closed.[16] The personnel and the assets of the RBS Division became the 1st Electronic Combat Range Group on 1 July 1989 when the 1CEVG was split, and other 1CEVG organizations transferred to SAC headquarters.

Detachments 7 & 50

For the Vietnam War radar station used for CONUS testing of the Reeves AN/TSQ-81 Bomb Directing Central, see Bryan Field.

Detachment 7, 1 CEVG was a Matagorda Island Air Force Base[17] radar site for the "Busy Skyspot" training program for automatic tracking radar crews to use the Reeves AN/MSQ-77 Bomb Directing Central before transferring to Vietnam War operating locations. A CONUS AN/MSQ-77 had initially been used at the mountainous Nellis Air Force Range before being moved to the Gulf Coast of the United States, then the detachment moved to Bergstrom Air Force Base and was redesignated Det 50 for long range tracking of bombers[17] on 2 Matagorda Island Air Force Range routes (low- and high-level).[18] On 29 February 1968, on the low-level Matagorda route a Boeing B-52 Stratofortress crashed into the Gulf of Mexico.[18]

Detachment 15

For the Vietnam War operating locations in South Vietnam, Thailand (3), & Laos (1) for which Det 15 provided maintenance support (e.g., the Laos Site was captured in the 1968 Battle of LS85), see Combat Skyspot.

Detachment 15, 1CEVG at the Vietnam War's Tan Son Nhut Air Base served as an "administrative link between [the operating locations] and Headquarters 1st Combat Evaluation Group"[19] after Reeves AN/MSQ-77 Bomb Directing Centrals were produced and deployed in 1965 for Combat Skyspot bomber operations by tactical fighter, B-52, and other units. On 5 June 1966 near Đông Hà Combat Base close to the DMZ, six 1CEVG technicians were killed while conducting a preliminary site location survey.[20]

Lineage

Constituted as the 3903d Radar Bomb Scoring Group from the 3903d RBS Squadron (at Carswell AFB beginning 24 Feb 48)[21] and predecessor 263rd AAF Base Unit[22]
Redesignated 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group on 10 August 1954
Merged with the 3958 Opl Evaluation & Tng Gp for the B-58 on 15 Mar 60[21]
Redesignated 1st Combat Evaluation Group at Carswell AFB prior to 21 July 1961 for the merger of the Barksdale AFB 3908th Strategic Standardization Group[21] and 1st RBS Group[23]
Redesignated 1st Electronic Combat Range Group on 1 July 1989[23] from the assets and personnel of the Radar Bomb Scoring Division, 1CEVG

Squadrons

Commanders

References

  1. 1 2 Horstead, Terry L. (9 November 1983). "Historical Summary: Radar Bomb Scoring, 1945–1983" (PDF). Office of History, 1st Combat Evaluation Group. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  2. ↑ "Jet Bombers To Descend Near Alto For Series of Mock Air Attacks". The Cherokeean. 114 (28). Rusk, Texas. 28 December 1961. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  3. ↑ Galkiewicz, John (2015). "Jetplanes". angelfire.com. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  4. ↑ "Nike-Hercules Technical Data" (PDF). Bell Telephone Laboratories. 1 January 1965. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  5. ↑
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ "Videmus Omnia" (PDF). 55th STRAT RECON WING ASSOCIATION NEWSLETTER (November 2006). Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  8. ↑ "4137 Strategic Wing: Management Control Data". airforcehistoryindex.org. 1961. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  9. ↑ "Lt. Gen. Tome H. Walters Jr.". Air Force Link. 1 October 2002. Archived from the original on 11 February 2004. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  10. ↑ Alexander, Sigmund. "Bombing With the Beam" (PDF). Air Force Magazine. Retrieved 14 June 2012. (subscription required (help)).
  11. ↑ "Smith, Lowell Vetter, TSgt" (biography webpage). TogetherWeServed.com. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
  12. ↑ "Ashland group awarded Combat Skyspot trophy". Bangor Daily News. 22 March 1985. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
  13. ↑ Skinner, Don (31 July 2010). "Memories/1CEG". Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  14. ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-tpq-43.htm
  15. ↑ http://www.tinker.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-061220-053.pdf
  16. ↑ http://corpsfuds.org/php/list.php?type=sites&find=exvqzcto&county=
  17. 1 2 Steeves, Mike (2015). "Skyspot Training". Combat Skyspot. Retrieved 24 January 2015. The Skyspot training program was called BUSY SKYSPOT… The initial training was accomplished at Detachment 7, on Matagorda Island.
  18. 1 2 McGrath, Mike (2014). "B-52 Stratofortress". Project Get Out & Walk. Retrieved 24 January 2015. A few pieces of foam and Frank Salavaria's summer flight jacket washed up on the beach near Corpus
  19. ↑ "TSgt Lowell Vetter Smith". Together We Served. 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  20. ↑ Steeves, Mike (2015). "Combat Skyspot Overview". Combat Skyspot. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2015. Six men …killed on 5 June 1966: Guerin, SSgt John P; James, A1C Rufus L; Mansfield, TSgt Bruce E; Marks, TSgt Antone P; Olds, SSgt Jerry; Vasquez, SSgt Ephraim
  21. 1 2 3 Mueller (1982). "Barksdale Air Force Base". Air Force Bases as of 1982 (Report).
  22. ↑ "3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Group". USAF - Korean War Project. 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  23. 1 2 MacDonald, Ray (29 January 2002). "Detachment 2 Holbrook, AZ". 1 CEVG/DET 2 History (A fluid Document). 1CEVGA.com. Retrieved 24 January 2015. 1 CEVG/Det. 2 was moved from Wall, SD to Holbrook, AZ in 1968. We were up and running around the middle of April. …1990 when we became 99 ECRG/DET 2 . The last RBS/ECM sortie was on or about September 13, 1993. The last ECM-only sortie was on or about September 30, 1993. A B1-B from Dyes (not positive) flew the last RBS/ECM mission. A C-130 from Hulburt Field flew the last ECM mission. The period of time between 1 October 1993 and Christmas was used for decommissioning the systems.
  24. ↑
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