Brown falcon

Brown falcon
At Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Falconiformes
Family:	Falconidae
Genus:	Falco
Species:	F. berigora
Binomial name
Falco berigora Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
Synonyms
Asturaetus furcillatus De Vis, 1906 Plioaetus furcillatus (De Vis, 1906)

A brown falcon used for falconry in Tasmania

The brown falcon (Falco berigora) is a relatively large falcon endemic to Australia.

A number of plumage morphs exist, with the primary distinction being between the pale morph and the dark morph. Both morphs usually have dark brown upperparts and wing coverts. Dark morph birds have predominantly dark underparts, although some light streaking is common. Pale morph birds have white underparts that are varyingly streaked with brown, sometimes heavily so. Pale individuals may also have prominently white undertail coverts and these may be diagnostic.

The species name berigora has Aboriginal origins.

Description

Adults are usually 40 to 50 cm (16 to 20 in) long. They are found in light and dark forms and a variety of intermediates. Animals typically have red-brown heads with narrow black streaks with a light crown and off-white chin. Wings are a spotted red-brown with dark brown quills. Beaks are light blue/grey; eyes are brown. The falcons make a loud cackle call uttered frequently.

Breeding and habitat

Brown falcons breed from June to November, usually in an old nest of another hawk species; they occasionally nest in hollow limbs of trees. The brown falcon lays between two and five eggs that have red and brown spots and blotches.

Brown falcons are found throughout Australia. Darker forms of the animal are usually found in arid areas. The brown falcon has been spotted in New Guinea.

Diet

The brown falcon eats small mammals, including house mice and young rabbits. It also eats small birds, lizards, snakes, and a variety of invertebrates, particularly caterpillars, grasshoppers, crickets, and beetles. Insects form the bulk of the animals' diets during winter and the falcons often chase the insects on the ground.

References

1. BirdLife International (2012). "Falco berigora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

• Birds of The World by Colin Harrison and Alan Greensmith
• Complete Book of Australian Birds Readers Digest

Gallery

• 
  John Gould illustration
• 
  Brown falcon portrait
• 
  Brown falcon
• 
  In flight in Victoria, Australia
• 
  Video of wild-bird attending prey, Pikedale, S. Queensland
• 
  Adult, pale morph, Tasmania
• 
  Adult (pale morph) takes flight, Tasmania

Wild bird attending prey, Pikedale, S. Queensland