Feuerschutzpolizei
Feuerschutzpolizei (literally: Fire Protection Police) was a firefighter unit in Nazi Germany and a branch of Nazi Germany's Ordnungspolizei, formed in 1938 when the German municipal professional fire brigades were transferred to the national police. The previously red fire vehicles, blue uniforms and fire service ranks were replaced by green fire vehicles, green uniforms and police ranks.[1]
Organization
In 1941 there were Fire Protection Police units in 86 cities in Germany, in Ostmark (occupied Austria) and in General Government (occupied Poland).[2] Outside these cities, the German fire services consisted of volunteer fire brigades, in cooperation with compulsory fire brigades (Pflichtfeuerwehr) and industrial fire brigades (Werkfeuerwehr).[3] In spite of being a branch of the Ordnungspolizei, the Fire Protection Police was a municipal institution; respective cities having the budgetary responsibility for staff and equipment. Administratively and operationally the Fire Protection Police were, however, subordinated to the Ordnungspolizei.[1]
Field Units
During the war, the Feuerschutzpolizei organized six motorized firefighting regiments. Their mission was to follow the German army's advance and have the main responsibility for the occupied territories fire protection and civil defense. Each regiment consisted of some 1000 firefighters.[4]
In 1943 the regimental organization was abolished, the batallions becoming independent units. The fourth regiment was stood down, while nine batallions were formed from the rest. Each battalion consisted of about 400 fire fighters in three companies.[4] A fourth company of non-citizens (Volksdeutsche, Ukrainians and Poles), were later added.[2]
- Feuerschutzpolizei-Regiment 1 Sachsen, 1939–1943
- Feuerschutzpolizei-Regiment 2 Hannover, 1941–1943
- Feuerschutzpolizei-Regiment 3 Ostpreussen, 1941–1943
- Feuerschutzpolizei-Regiment 4 Ukraine, 1941–1943
- Feuerschutzpolizei-Regiment 5 Böhmen-Mähren, 1942–1943
- Feuerschutzpolizei-Regiment 6 Niederlande, 1942–1943
Ranks
| Professional Fire Departments 1935–1938[5] |
Feuerschutzpolizei 1938–1941[6] |
Feuerschutzpolizei 1941–1945[6] | Corresponding rank in the SS (Wehrmacht)[7] |
|---|---|---|---|
| – | -- | Anwärter [lower-alpha 1] | SS-Anwärter (Schütze) |
| – | -- | Anwärter [n 1] [lower-alpha 1] | SS-Mann (Oberschütze) |
| – | -- | Unterwachtmeister [lower-alpha 1] | SS-Sturmmann (Gefreiter) |
| – | -- | Rottwachtmeister | SS-Rottenführer (Obergefreiter) |
| Feuerwehrmann | Wachtmeister | Wachtmeister | SS-Unterscharführer (Unteroffizier) |
| – | Oberwachtmeister | Oberwachtmeister | SS-Scharführer (Unterfeldwebel) |
| Oberfeuerwehrmann | Bezirksoberwachtmeister | Bezirksoberwachtmeister | SS-Oberscharführer (Feldwebel) |
| Löschmeister | Hauptwachtmeister | Hauptwachtmeister | SS-Hauptscharführer (Oberfeldwebel) |
| Brandmeister | Meister | Meister | SS-Sturmscharführer Stabsfeldwebel |
| Oberbrandmeister | Obermeister | Bezirksleutnant | SS-Untersturmführer (Leutnant) |
| – | Inspektor | Bezirksoberleutnant | SS-Obersturmführer (Oberleutnant) |
| – | – | Bezirkshauptmann | SS-Hauptsturmführer (Hauptmann) |
| Brandingenieur Brandoberingenieur Baurat [n 2] | Hauptmann | Hauptmann | SS-Hauptsturmführer (Hauptmann) |
| Baurat | Major | Major | SS-Sturmbannführer (Major) |
| Oberbaurat | Oberstleutnant | Oberstleutnant | SS-Obersturmbannführer (Oberstleutnant) |
| Branddirektor Oberbranddirektor | Oberst | Oberst | SS-Standartenführer (Oberst) |
| Oberbranddirektor[n 3] | Generalmajor | Generalmajor | SS-Brigadeführer (Generalmajor) |
| – | – | Generalleutnant | SS-Gruppenführer (Generalleutnant) |
References
- 1 2 Gesetz über das Feuerlöschwesen vom 23. November 1938 2016-08-09.
- 1 2 FEUERSCHUTZPOLIZEI (FSchP) 2016-08-09.
- ↑ Andreas Linhardt, Feuerwehr im Luftschutz 1926–1945 (2002), pp. 200–201.
- 1 2 Die Feuerschutzpolizei-Regimenter 2016-08-09.
- ↑ Neustrukturierung 1935 2016-08-09.
- 1 2 Erwin Rodehau, "Dienstkleidung der Berliner Berufsfeuerwehr (1899 bis 1944)" Feuerwehrchronik 5(2009)6. 2016-08-09.
- ↑ Andrew Mollo, Uniforms of the SS, Vol. 5: "Sicherheitsdienst und Sicherheitspolizei 1931–1945" (London: Windrow & Green, 1992), p. 51
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