Financial Conduct Authority

Financial Conduct Authority
Agency overview
Formed 1 April 2013
Preceding agency
Jurisdiction United Kingdom
Headquarters 25 North Colonnade
London
Annual budget £452m (2014/2015)[1]
Agency executives
Website www.the-fca.org.uk

The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is a financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom, but operates independently of the UK government, and is financed by charging fees to members of the financial services industry.[3] The FCA regulates financial firms providing services to consumers and maintains the integrity of the UK’s financial markets.[4] It focuses on the regulation of conduct by both retail and wholesale financial services firms.[5] Like its predecessor the FSA, the FCA is structured as a company limited by guarantee.

History

On 19 December 2012 the Financial Services Act 2012 received royal assent, and it came into force on 1 April 2013.[6] The Act created a new regulatory framework for financial services and abolished the Financial Services Authority.[6] Specifically, the Act gave the Bank of England responsibility for financial stability, bringing together macro and micro prudential regulation, created a new regulatory structure consisting of the Bank of England's Financial Policy Committee, the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority.[6]

Powers

The authority has significant powers, including the power to regulate conduct related to the marketing of financial products. It is able to specify minimum standards and to place requirements on products.[7] It has the power to investigate organisations and individuals.[8]

In addition, the FCA is able to ban financial products for up to a year while considering an indefinite ban; it will have the power to instruct firms to immediately retract or modify promotions which it finds to be misleading, and to publish such decisions.[7]

The authority is responsible for regulating the consumer credit industry from 1 April 2014, taking over the role from the Office of Fair Trading.[9]

Payment Systems Regulator

In April 2015, the FCA created a separate body, the Payment Systems Regulator (PSR), in accordance with section 40 of the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013.[10] The PSR's role is "to promote competition and innovation in payment systems, and ensure they work in the interests of the organisations and people that use them".[11]

Sectors and firms

Banks

The Financial Services Act of 2012 set out a new system for regulating financial services in order to protect and improve the UK’s economy.[12]

The FCA will supervise banks to:

Mutual societies

There are more than 10,000 mutual societies in the UK. The FCA are responsible for:[13]

Financial advisers

Rules came into force in 2012 for Independent Financial Advisers (IFAs) following the Retail Distribution Review (RDR) rules.[14] To be classed as an IFA, businesses need to:

Leaders

In early 2011, it was confirmed that the new head of the FCA will be Martin Wheatley, formerly chairman of Hong Kong's Securities and Futures Commission.[7][15][16][17] In June 2012 it was confirmed that John Griffith-Jones would become the non-executive chair of the FCA once the FSA ceases operations in 2013.[17][18][19] Griffith-Jones joined the FSA board in September 2012 as a non-executive director and deputy chair.[18][19] Griffith-Jones retired from KPMG, where he was chairman of the UK division, in August 2012.[18][19]

In December 2013, it was announced that head of asset management supervision Ed Harley had left the regulator to take up a role at Goldman Sachs Asset Management.[20]

Criticism

In June 2013, the Financial Conduct Authority was criticised by the Parliamentary Commission for Banking Standards, in their report "Changing Banking for Good", which stated:

The interest rate swap scandal has cost small businesses dear. Many had no concept of the instrument they were being pressured to buy. This applies to embedded swaps as much as standalone products. The response by the FSA and FCA has been inadequate. If, as they claim, the regulators do not have the power to deal with these abuses, then it is for the Government and Parliament to ensure that the regulators have the powers they need to enable restitution to be made for this egregious mis-selling.
— Parliamentary Commission for Banking Standards, Report - Changing Banking for Good [21]

The FCA was rebuked by the Treasury Select Committee for lack of concern over the increase in mortgage interest rates of the Bank of Ireland's UK subsidiary.[22][23]

There have been calls for the resignation of chairman John Griffith-Jones because of his responsibility for auditing HBOS as chairman of KPMG at the time of the financial crisis of 2007–08.[24] There has also been criticism of chief executive Martin Wheatley because of his responsibility for the minibond fiasco in Hong Kong. There were not the customary pre-appointment hearings for either John Griffith-Jones or Martin Wheatley, so that people could not disapprove of these appointments by submitting evidence to these hearings.

On 10 December 2014, the FCA released a report from Simon Davis from Clifford Chance LLP inquiring into the events of 27/28 March 2014 relating to the press briefing of information in the FCA's 2014/15 Business Plan.

The report recommended:

On 16 December 2014, the Treasury Select Committee commenced taking evidence on the press briefing.

Name

The "Consumer Protection Agency" (CPA) promised in 2009 by the Conservative Party [25] became "Consumer Protection and Markets Authority" (CPMA), which was changed to Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) after the Treasury Select Committee pointed out that this name could mislead consumers.[26]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Business Plan 2014-2015" (PDF). FCA. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  2. ↑ "Chief Executive - Andrew Bailey". Financial Conduct Authority. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  3. ↑ "First Chair of the new Financial Conduct Authority appointed". Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  4. ↑ Vina, Gonzalo. "U.K. Scraps FSA in Biggest Bank Regulation Overhaul Since 1997". Businessweek. Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
  5. ↑ "Reform and regulation". HM Treasury. 17 June 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2010. Archived here.
  6. 1 2 3 "Financial Services Bill receives Royal Assent". HM Treasury. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 "The Financial Conduct Authority: What it Does and Who is Charge". Financial Times. London. 8 November 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  8. ↑ "News and investigations". fca.org.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  9. ↑ "OFT's work and responsibilities after 31 March 2014". Office of Fair Trading. 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014. Archived here.
  10. ↑ Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013, accessed 13 May 2016
  11. ↑ Market Review into the Supply of Indirect Access to Payment Systems, MR 15/1.2, March 2015, accessed 13 May 2016
  12. ↑ "FCA - Banks".
  13. ↑ "FCA - Mutual Societies".
  14. ↑ "FCA - Independent Financial Advisers".
  15. ↑ "Regulatory Reform". FSA web site. FSA. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  16. ↑ "Wheatley to head new UK consumer regulator". The Financial Times. 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  17. 1 2 "First Chair of the new Financial Conduct Authority appointed". Newsroom & Speeches. HM Treasury. 11 June 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  18. 1 2 3 "KPMG UK chairman John Griffith-Jones to head Financial Conduct Authority". The Telegraph. London. 11 June 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  19. 1 2 3 Masters, Brooke (11 June 2012). "KPMG's UK boss to chair new watchdog". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  20. ↑ Alex Steger. "FCA asset management head to join Goldman Sachs AM". New Model Adviser. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  21. ↑ "Changing banking for good - Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards". parliament.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  22. ↑ "Correspondence published with FSA on Bank of Ireland". UK Parliament. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  23. ↑ "Rebuke for new FCA boss ahead of launch day". scotsman.com. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  24. ↑ Bowers, Simon (10 April 2013). "HBOS heat turns on head of new City regulator John Griffith-Jones". The Guardian. London.
  25. ↑ "Plans for sound banking" (PDF). Conservative Party. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  26. ↑ Trotman, Andrew (17 March 2011). "What next for the FSA?". The Daily Telegraph. London.

External links

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