Flora of India

Lotus, the national flower of India

The flora of India is one of the richest in the world due to the wide range of climate, topology and habitat in the country. There are estimated to be over 16,000 species of flowering plants in India, which constitute some 6-7 percent of the total plant species in the world. India is home to more than 45,000 species of plants, including a variety of endemics. The use of plants as a source of medicines has been an integral part of life in India from the earliest times. There are more than 3000 Indian plant species officially documented as possessing great medicinal potential. India is divided into eight main floristic regions : Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Indus plain, Ganges plain, the Deccan, Malabar and the Andaman Islands.[1]

Forests

In 1992, around 7,43,534 km2 of land in the country was under forests and 92 percent of that belongs to the government. Only 22.7 percent is forested compared to the recommended 33 percent of the National Forest Policy Resolution 1952. Majority of it are broad-leaved deciduous trees which comprise one-sixth sal and one-tenth teak. Coniferous types are found in the northern high altitude regions and comprise pines, junipers and deodars.[2] India's forest cover ranges from the tropical rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats, and Northeast India to the coniferous forest of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the sal-dominated moist deciduous forest of eastern India; teak-dominated dry deciduous forest of central and southern India; and the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and western Gangetic plain. Pine, fir, spruce, cedar, larch and cypress are the timber-yielding plants of which several also occur widely in the hilly regions of India

See also

References

  1. ↑ Majid, Husain (2014-01-01). Geography of India. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 5.2. ISBN 9789351343578.
  2. ↑ Nag, Prithvish; Sengupta, Smita (1992-01-01). Geography of India. Concept Publishing Company. p. 79. ISBN 9788170223849.
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