Front Line Assembly

Front Line Assembly

Jeremy Inkel (left) and Bill Leeb (right) performing live at Magic Stick in Detroit in 2007
Background information
Origin Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Genres Industrial, electro-industrial, EBM, industrial metal
Years active 1986 (1986)–present
Labels KK, Dossier, Third Mind, Wax Trax!, Roadrunner, Cleopatra, Off Beat, Metropolis, Dependent, Zoth Ommog
Associated acts Blackland, Conjure One, Cyberaktif, Decree, Delerium, Equinox, Fauxliage, Fear Factory, Intermix, Left Spine Down, Mutual Mortuary, Noise Unit, Pro>Tech, Revelstoker, Skinny Puppy, Stiff Valentine, Synæsthesia, Unit 187, Will
Website www.mindphaser.com
Members Bill Leeb
Jeremy Inkel
Jared Slingerland
Past members Michael Balch
Rhys Fulber
Chris Peterson

Front Line Assembly (FLA) is a Canadian electro-industrial band formed by Bill Leeb in 1986 after leaving Skinny Puppy. Influenced by early electronic and (post-)industrial acts such as Cabaret Voltaire, Portion Control, D.A.F., Test Dept, SPK, and Severed Heads,[1] FLA has developed its own unique sound while combining elements of electronic body music (EBM). The band's membership has rotated through several members over the years, including Rhys Fulber and Michael Balch who are both associated with several other successful artists.

History

Formation (1985–1986)

Between 1985 and 1986, Bill Leeb supported Skinny Puppy under the name Wilhelm Schroeder. Wilhelm is Leeb's real first name while Schroeder stems from the Peanuts character of the same name and was meant as a joke. Leeb later recounted how cEvin Key came up with the idea: "Kevin said, 'Hey, you should call yourself Wilhelm Schroeder,' because it was cEvin Key and Nivek Ogre, those weren't their real names. That was more of a joke thing."[2] As an early friend of the band Leeb started off with no knowledge about electronic instruments, according to cEvin Key: "When I first met Bill, [...] he did not play any instruments. I remember going to get his first Moog for $300. It was around the time of 'Cage', because we wrote that one together right away."[3] While increasing his knowledge, Leeb considered learning from scratch an advantage. "I think the fact that we didn't have any musical training, gave us free range", he said, "The words 'experimental electronic music' really come to mind as to how we did that."[4] Leeb contributed bass synth and backing vocals for several tracks while also supporting their 1985 tour.[5] His drug experiences at the time, though Leeb felt no need to repeat it at later times, added to his creativity. "You can always draw from that experience of when you were there and what the ambiance and the feeling was like. It's not like you need to go there every year to recapture that moment.", Leeb stated.[4] Since Leeb did not want to continue with the next tour, splitting up with Skinny Puppy was imminent. "In early 1986, Bill didn't want to tour again", said cEvin Key, "so I politely told him that we needed to get someone more dedicated."[3] Leeb and Skinny Puppy did not separate in a fight, though, as Key stressed, "It wasn't so negative. We actually went on to make an LP a few years later, and we have been polite to each other since."[3]

Leeb reflects on this period, "Skinny Puppy was a good starting point for me, but there was definitely no way for me to get my ideas across."[1] Also, Leeb wanted to take an active role as vocalist.[6] His experiences working with Skinny Puppy gave him some insight in the industry and helped shape his ideas for his own personal career.[7] Contacts in the music scene he had gathered while with Skinny Puppy facilitated the advancement of his own project, leading to contract offers from the first two labels that Leeb later approached with cassettes.[6] Leeb appreciated that Skinny Puppy would cast a long shadow over his own musical efforts after leaving the band. "Sometimes, you break away from a band, and the band has such a strong image that you're always going to be forever compared to those guys," Leeb said, "I knew it was a big risk because the band was already taking off and stuff, but I think it was all for the best."[4]

The name of his new band reflects Leebs view of the world at the time. "The name came to me from just hearing people's struggles all over the world on the news all the time", he revealed after the formation of Front Line Assembly, "The only way people can fight back is to assemble in groups. We are fed so much information through the media that no one knows what to believe anymore. So Front Line Assembly means fighting the communications war."[1]

Upon the formation of Front Line Assembly, Leeb produced the Nerve War demo tape which was distributed on a limited basis. Around this time, Leeb and Rhys Fulber became friends when they discovered they both had a similar interest in underground music. "He was playing cool underground tapes that I liked. Not many people then were into that kind of music", recalls Fulber.[8] As an unofficial member at this time, Fulber partnered with Leeb during the production of Total Terror and was credited for the song "Black Fluid" on the demo.[8] Both demo releases were limited to 100 and mostly distributed amongst friends.[5]

Early releases and working with Balch (1987–1989)

The first appearance of Front Line Assembly was on the compilation For Your Ears Only, released in 1987 by British independent record label Third Mind[9] showcasing the label's repertoire at the time. The band contributed the track "Aggression"[10] which would be re-released the following year on the Disorder EP. Although the contact to Third Mind would later develop into a long-standing collaboration between Front Line Assembly and the label, the band debuted its first album The Initial Command with credited assistance by Fulber and Michael Balch on Belgian independent record label KK at the end of 1987. The album had been produced on a tight budget which would determine whether or not cuts would be done with an eight track system or split into two four track cuts.[11] With the next album State of Mind, released in January 1988, the band switched to German independent label Dossier.[12]

Having assumed producing and mixing duties before, Balch emerged as official band member in 1988[5] and began writing songs alongside Leeb for the next few albums. Balch mostly contributed by providing keyboards and programming. As Leeb put it, "I would write the songs, and he was really good with the software."[7] This partnership produced the releases Corrosion and Disorder. Originally planned to be issued on Canadian label Nettwerk, which ultimately failed "because of politics and the previous Skinny Puppy relationship",[11] both records mark the beginning of the cooperation with Third Mind in 1988. Label founder Gary Levermore recalled "Bill Leeb get in touch soon after he started Front Line Assembly and actually sending me two finished masters which became Corrosion and Disorder."[13] Through Levermore Corrosion was licensed to Wax Trax!. Both records were re-released together with three more unreleased tracks on the compilations Convergence later that year and Corroded Disorder in 1995.

The change in labels for the first few releases before finally sticking with Third Mind was a deliberate choice. The reason for that was that Leeb did not want to be bound to a label.[6] Therefore, all releases before Corrosion were issued only on European labels,[5] which changed with Corrosion and subsequent albums. Adhering to Third Mind for Europe and Wax Trax! for North America made Front Line Assembly releases significantly more available. According to Leeb, this arrangement "worked out much better as far as distribution and promotion. [...] Third Mind is getting very good distribution in Europe."[5] Being signed to Third Mind also helped catching the attention of established music magazines such as Melody Maker[14][15][16][17] or NME[18] as well as underground magazines such as Music From the Empty Quarter.[19] Front Line Assembly produced their next album Gashed Senses & Crossfire in 1989. This album introduced their first single Digital Tension Dementia which became their first chart success and peaked at position 45 of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.[20] Fueled by growing success and in support of their latest release, the band, together with Rhys Fulber as live metal percussionist, headed out to Europe and North America for their first tour which were met "with rave reviews for F.L.A.'s powerful live act."[9] However, during the show in London in July 1989 their first live album Live was recorded under unfavourable circumstances. Presumably not well attended, the audience's reactions at the show had to be reworked.[21] For Balch it was also the last Front Line Assembly tour since he parted ways to join Ministry and Revolting Cocks.[7][9]

The Fulber era: instant classics and growing popularity (1990–1996)

Filling the void, Rhys Fulber officially joined,[7] "a natural progression",[22] according to Leeb, which changed the working routine in the band. "The working situation in the band is a lot different because Rhys is working with me on everything, and his taste runs more into electronic music, just like me",[23] said Leeb, noting that Fulber was "a lot more fun to work with."[23] The duo recorded their next album, Caustic Grip, in the first half of 1990. Accompanied by the release of two singles in 1990, Iceolate and Provision, the album raised Front Line Assembly's profile in the industrial music scene and in the media considerably.[6][9] British music magazine Melody Maker elected both album singles Single of the week[21] while the promotional video for Iceolate[24] received some airplay on MTV. On Caustic Grip the band started working with Greg Reely which would evolve into a long-term partnership.[9] The tour in support of the album started in January 1991 in the United States[25] to be followed by a European leg in February which was accompanied by the release of stand-alone single Virus the same month.[9] Chris Peterson, who would later become a full-time member of Front Line Assembly, gave his debut for the band on this tour, completing the live line-up as percussionist.[26]

In 1992, Front Line Assembly reached a turning point in the band's musical style with the album Tactical Neural Implant. The media commented particularly on the more melodious approach featured on the album and noted the use of multi-layered sounds which would become a trademark of the band. Melody Maker described the album as "Front Line Assembly's most melodious and accessible album to date."[27] Siren Magazine called it "remarkably melodic and mellow, yet equally harsh and symphonic",[28] while fanzine Industrial Strength noted the "complex layering of sounds".[29] Asked about this composing style, Bill Leeb said to Industrial Nation: "We just like to use and abuse technology as much as we can and always try to find new ways and pieces of gear to come up with new ideas and new songs."[30] Only this time the band focused on "each particular sound and trying to put more definition on each sound and make it work longer than before."[30] With that approach, the band "definitely tried to avoid making the same record twice" and to "do real song structures rather than just real heavy grooves."[31] The video for the first single off the album, Mindphaser, was awarded "Best Alternative Video" at Much Music's 1992 Canadian Music Video Awards.[32] In August 1992, Front Line Assembly embarked on a tour that covered Northern America and Europe.[33] The album is played in industrial and electronic music dance clubs to this day and considered a classic among listeners and musicians of industrial music.[34][35]

The next album Millennium (1994)[12] featured a combination of metal guitars, electronic music, and media sampling (much of which was taken from the Michael Douglas film Falling Down) which had become one of the characteristics of industrial rock and industrial metal during the 1990s.

Hard Wired (1995)[12] and the world tour following the release was FLA's most successful commercial and critical period.

The Peterson era: return to electronic sounds (1997–2002)

In 1997, Fulber left the band to concentrate on producing Fear Factory along with other bands. Chris Peterson, who had already supported the band's live shows, replaced Fulber. Soon after Fulber quit, the 1997 album [FLA]vour of the Weak was released. Yet again, the album was stylistically divergent from previous releases. The metal influences found in Millennium gave way to a more electronica sound within the new release.

Front Line Assembly made somewhat of a return to their former sound with the album Implode (1999), followed by Epitaph (2001), as well as half of the soundtrack for the video game Quake III Arena in 1999. Chris Peterson left FLA in 2002. Through most of that year it was rumoured that the band had essentially broken up.

From classic line-up towards a full-fledged band (2003–2008)

Rhys Fulber rejoined the band in 2003. The reunited duo released the single Maniacal in October of that same year, launching a new phase in the band's career. The next year, they released the studio album Civilization. Chris Peterson later rejoined the band to release Artificial Soldier in 2006. The following tour was cut short due to a problem with the company supplying the tour bus. The band acknowledged that they were returning home to Vancouver earlier than planned after playing roughly half of their scheduled tour in the United States (dates in New York and Canada were canceled). The band toured in Europe in August 2006 covering 18 cities.

In April 2007, Front Line Assembly released a remix album titled Fallout. The album was released in a 4-panel digipak and featured three previously unreleased tracks ("Electric Dreams," "Unconscious," and "Armageddon") and nine remixes by several other Industrial acts and names.[36] After the release of the remix album, the band went out to tour North America and Europe.

A new style of writing and new success (2009–2011)

In 2010, Front Line Assembly, with new members Jeremy Inkel and Jared Slingerland, released a new single, Shifting Through the Lens, and album, Improvised Electronic Device.

As described on Dependent Records' website, the album is described as "stronger and more danceable" when compared to immediately previous releases. "Angriff", the second single from the album, is further described as "wandering on metal paths reminiscent of Rammstein and their own Millenium [sic] album."[37] In 2012, Leeb mentioned that a new album will be completed by the end of the year, though no official announcement or tour date has been released.

Back to the electronic roots and new influences (2012–)

Having integrated guitars into their sound since the late 1980s, either sampled or as live guitars, FLA set the stage in 2012 for the return to an exclusively electronic soundscape. This change could be heard when the band released the soundtrack album AirMech for the video game of the same name at the end of 2012.[38] Comprising only instrumental tracks, AirMech laid some grounds for 2013 full-length album Echogenetic, as Bill Leeb recalls in an interview with Rock Sins: "I guess this sound of this record maybe it started pretty much with the record we did prior called AirMech."[39] Echogenetic was widely praised by critics, who also noted the dubstep influences on the record,[40] and hit the charts in the United States[41] and in Germany. Entering the official German charts was a first in the band's history.[42] On the occasion of the release of Echogenetic Front Line Assembly announced a remix album[43] which was released in May 2014 under the moniker of Echoes.[44]

Shortly after the release of Echogenetic the band started promoting the album with an extensive tour schedule in Europe and North America. In August 2013, Front Line Assembly covered dates in Russia, Germany, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the UK.[45] They continued their tour activities in Europe in June 2014, playing shows in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Sweden, Finland and France, this time also in support of Echoes.[46] Former member Rhys Fulber joined the band for their last European leg in October and November 2014 in Poland and Germany which also saw the band performing together with a philharmonic orchestra in Leipzig, marking a premiere for the band.[47]

The same month Front Line Assembly returned from Europe, they joined Bill Leeb's former band Skinny Puppy on their Eye vs Spy North American tour as supporting band. VNV Nation, previously booked for the slot, had opted out which allowed Front Line Assembly to take their place at short notice.[48] On some dates, Rhys Fulber appeared on stage.[49] At the Vancouver show Leeb performed together with Skinny Puppy encore song Assimilate.[50]

In January 2015, Front Line Assembly announced that work on a follow-up album to AirMech has begun.[51]

Resuming tour activities, the band gave a number of concerts in September and November 2015. They started off with a show in Vancouver[52] and went on to headline the second day of the fourth run of the Cold Waves industrial festival in Chicago.[53] In November they followed up with their first ever show in Mexico City, supported by Mexican electro-industrial band Hocico, and a gig in Guadalajara both of which were also supported by Canadian electro-industrial group Decoded Feedback.[54]

On October 28, 2016 Front Line Assembly announced that they have begun working on new material for their next album with contributions from Rhys Fulber.[55]

Name spelling

The spelling of the band name has varied over the years. Various albums (e.g. from the early State of Mind to the recent Artificial Soldier) spell the name in compound form ("Frontline Assembly") while the majority spell it in three words. (The abbreviation "FLA", also used on various albums, suggests that the correct spelling, to the extent that there is one, is indeed three separate words.) The music press has consequently not used any consistent spelling. During touring for Hard Wired, Rhys Fulber explained the band's stance on the matter, referring to "Front Line": "Two words – I guess that ultimately it doesn't matter, but we prefer two words."[56]

Members

Current members

The current official line-up[57] of Front Line Assembly consists of:

Former members

Member timeline

Discography

Studio albums

Side projects and associated acts

In the course of Front Line Assembly's history, current and former band members have engaged in a multitude of musical activities besides Front Line Assembly.

Active bands

Inactive or defunct bands

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Armstrong, Emily (1987). "Front Line Assembly". Lively Arts.
  2. ↑ Porter, Alicia (November 8, 1998). "Front Line Assembly". Eklectique Magazine. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 "cEvin Key interview". Barcode. 2003. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 Raven, Daniel (June 2, 2011). "Front Line Assembly Leads Cyborg Armies Through Post-Apocalyptic Soundscapes". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Radio, Joe (April 24, 1988). "Interview: Front Line Assembly". Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Front Line Assembly". Chaos Control Magazine. 1993. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "History". Mindphaser.com. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  8. 1 2 "Rhys Fulber > Biography". Mindphaser.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Levermore, Gary (1997). Front Line Assembly - Reclamation (booklet). Front Line Assembly. New York: Roadrunner. pp. 2–3.
  10. ↑ Klein, Ed. "Compilations F". Ed Klein. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  11. 1 2 Leeb, Bill (1988). "Interview with Bill Leeb". Alternative Press (Interview). Interview with Mike Shea. Cleveland.
  12. 1 2 3 Front Line Assembly: State of Mind > Overview at AllMusic. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  13. ↑ Bains, Jon. "Third Mind Records". Convulse. Archived from the original on May 5, 1999. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  14. ↑ Stubbs, David (February 20, 1988). "Front Line Assembly - Corrosion". Melody Maker. London: IPC Media.
  15. ↑ Stubbs, David (May 28, 1988). "Front Line Assembly - Disorder". Melody Maker. IPC Media.
  16. ↑ The Stud Brothers. "Front Line Assembly - Convergence CD". Melody Maker. London: IPC Media.
  17. ↑ Smith, Mat. "Front Line Assembly - Gashed Senses & Crossfire". Melody Maker. London: IPC Media.
  18. ↑ Lamacq, Steve (May 7, 1988). "Front Line Assembly - Corrosion". NME. London: IPC Media.
  19. ↑ Deadhead. "Front Line Assembly - Convergence". Music From the Empty Quarter.
  20. ↑ "Front Line Assembly Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  21. 1 2 Reed, S. Alexander (2013). Assimilate: a critical history of industrial music. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-983260-6.
  22. ↑ Leeb, Bill; Fulber, Rhys (1991). "Front Line Assembly". Post! (Interview). Palo Alto.
  23. 1 2 Radio, Joe (November 23, 1990). "Interview: Front Line Assembly". Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  24. ↑ Schock, David (March 9, 2012). "101 Greatest Industrial Songs of All Time'". COMA. Archived from the original on August 21, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  25. ↑ Barr, Stuart (May 1991). "Front Line Assembly". Convulse. Archived from the original on November 27, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  26. ↑ Nicholas0 (February 17, 2012). "Front Line Assembly > Live Shows". Mindphaser.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  27. ↑ The Stud Brothers (1992). "Front Line Assembly - Tactical Neural Implant". Melody Maker. London.
  28. ↑ Leeb, Bill (April 1992). "Interview". Siren (Interview) (9). Interview with Ian Cheek.
  29. ↑ "Front Line Assembly: Tactical Neural Implant". Industrial Strength. DeKalb, Illinois (2): 27. 1992.
  30. 1 2 Leeb, Bill (1992). "Interview". Industrial Nation (Interview) (5). Interview with Kim Traub. Oakland, California: Paul Valerio.
  31. ↑ Leeb, Bill (March 19, 1992). "Interview with Bill Leeb of Front Line Assembly Live on WCRD" (Interview). Interview with Michael Tressler. Muncie, Indiana: CRD.
  32. ↑ Reed, S. Alexander (2013). Assimilate: a critical history of industrial music. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-19-983260-6.
  33. ↑ Leeb, Bill (September 1992). "Interview with Bill Leeb". Flipside (Interview) (80). Interview with Dan.
  34. ↑ Kavadias, Theo. Front Line Assembly: Tactical Neural Implant > Overview at AllMusic. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  35. ↑ Reed, S. Alexander (2013). Assimilate: a critical history of industrial music. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-19-983260-6.
  36. ↑ Van Isacker, B. (April 19, 2007). "Forthcoming Front Line Assembly remix album countdown starts". Side-Line. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Front Line Assembly - Shifting Through the Lens". Dependent. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
  38. ↑ "AirMech Soundtrack on Steam". Steamworks. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  39. ↑ Hill, Matt (September 2013). "Interview with Bill Leeb (Front Line Assembly)". Rock Sins. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  40. ↑ "Echogenetic Review Roundup". Mindphaser.com. July 8, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  41. ↑ "Front Line Assembly". Billboard. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  42. ↑ "Echogenetic hits Media Control Charts". Dependent.de. Gelsenkirchen: Mindbase Music Management. July 24, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  43. ↑ Carlsson, Johan (July 10, 2013). "Remix album from Front Line Assembly is on its way". Release Magazine. Gothenburg: Release Musik & Media. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  44. ↑ Barkan, Jonathan (April 29, 2014). "Front Line Assembly To Release 'Echogenetic' Remix Album 'Echoes'". Bloody Disgusting. Beverly Hills, California: The Collective. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  45. ↑ "The Full Tour Dates Announced". Mindphaser.com. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  46. ↑ Kahrle, Mikael (March 7, 2014). "Front Line Assembly and Architect on European tour in June". Release Magazine. Gothenburg: Release Musik & Media. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  47. ↑ Vaudo, Zak (October 16, 2014). "Front Line Assembly to tour with Rhys Fulber, joins Gothic Meets Klassik". ReGen Magazine. College Park, Maryland. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  48. ↑ Vaudo, Zak (November 7, 2014). "Front Line Assembly replaces VNV Nation on upcoming U.S. tour". ReGen Magazine. College Park, Maryland. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Tour news: 10 days 'til we do this!". Official Front Line Assembly Facebook Page. November 18, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  50. ↑ Boos, Jordan (December 26, 2014). "Skinny Puppy at Commodore Ballroom". Hello Vancity. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  51. ↑ "Airmech 2!". Mindphaser.com. January 11, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  52. ↑ "What's on this Week: Sept. 17". Westender. Vancouver: Glacier Media. September 14, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  53. ↑ Shrum, Tony (April 15, 2015). "Cold Waves IV Announces Full 2015 Lineup". New Noise. Berkeley, California. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  54. ↑ "Front Line Assembly to play Mexico City for the first time ever". Side-Line. October 29, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  55. ↑ "New FLA in the works". mindphaser.com. October 28, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  56. ↑ Blink, Anastasia. "More "Stuff" Than "Dat" – an interview with Rhys Fulber of Front Line Assembly". Sonic Envelope Magazine. Archived from the original on September 26, 2003. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  57. ↑ "Bios > Current Members". Mindphaser.com. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
  58. ↑ "About". Conjure One website. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  59. ↑ Palmer, Penny (April 13, 2011). "Conjure One Releases 'Like Ice' Remixes EP". Nettwerk Press Blog. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  60. ↑ "Decree". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  61. 1 2 "Delerium". Nettwerk website. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  62. ↑ "Sonic Architects". Delerium website. Archived from the original on August 28, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  63. ↑ shawnpt (November 4, 2012). "Music Box Opera by Delerium". Canadian Music Blog. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  64. ↑ Yücel, Ilker (July 9, 2012). "Fear Factory Interview: Life in the Industrial Age, Part 1". ReGen. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  65. ↑ "Noise Unit". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  66. ↑ "Noise Unit". Metropolis. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  67. ↑ "Who is SV?". Stiff Valentine website. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  68. ↑ "Unit187.com". Unit 187 website. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  69. ↑ Nicholas0 (February 8, 2007). "Blackland". Mindphaser.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  70. ↑ brandtgassman (February 11, 2011). "WAX 7118 – Cyberaktif – Tenebrae Vision". Wax Trax! Family Site. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  71. ↑ Huey, Steve. Equinox: Holon at AllMusic. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  72. ↑ Brown, Marisa. Fauxliage: Artist Biography by Marisa Brown at AllMusic. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  73. ↑ Smootz, Derek. "Intermix". Orphicmusic.com. Derek Smootz. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  74. ↑ epidemic27 (January 24, 2007). "Mutual Mortuary". Mindphaser.com. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  75. ↑ Lim, Stacy. "Brap...The Skinny Puppy Discography – Other Projects". Brap...The Skinny Puppy Discography website. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  76. ↑ Bahn™ (September 7, 2005). "Pro>Tech > History". Mindphaser.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  77. ↑ Van Isacker, Bernard (January 25, 2007). "Front Line Assembly member delivers exclusive track for compilation netlabel". Side-Line. Archived from the original on July 13, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  78. ↑ "Synaesthesia (CA)". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
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