Gaudeamus igitur
"De Brevitate Vitae" (Latin: "On the Shortness of Life"), more commonly known as "Gaudeamus Igitur" ("So Let Us Rejoice") or just "Gaudeamus", is a popular academic commercium song in many Western countries, mainly sung or performed at university graduation ceremonies. Despite its use as a formal graduation hymn, it is a jocular, light-hearted composition that pokes fun at university life. The song is thought to originate in a Latin manuscript from 1287. It is in the tradition of carpe diem ("seize the day") with its exhortations to enjoy life. It was known as a beer-drinking song in many early universities and is the official song of many schools, colleges, universities, institutions, student societies and is the official anthem of the International University Sports Federation.
Content
The lyrics reflect an endorsement of the bacchanalian mayhem of student life while simultaneously retaining the grim knowledge that one day we will all die. The song contains humorous and ironic references to sex[1] and death, and many versions have appeared following efforts to bowdlerise this song for performance in public ceremonies. In private, students will typically sing ribald words.
The song is sometimes known by its opening words, "Gaudeamus igitur" or simply "Gaudeamus". In the UK, it is sometimes affectionately known as "The Gaudie". The centuries of use have given rise to numerous slightly different versions.
Lyrics
The proposition that the lyrics originate in 1287 is based on a manuscript held in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. A poem starting with the words Subscribere proposui ("Sign the proposed") has two verses that closely resemble the later Gaudeamus igitur verses, although neither the first verse nor the actual words Gaudeamus igitur appear. The music accompanying this poem bears no relation to the melody which is now associated with it. A German translation of these verses was made in about 1717 and published in 1730 without music. A Latin version in a handwritten student songbook, dating from some time between 1723 and 1750, is preserved in the Berlin State Library (formerly located at Marburg); however, this differs considerably from the modern text. The current Latin lyrics with a German translation were published by Halle in 1781 in Studentenlieder ("Students' Songs")[2] written by Christian Wilhelm Kindleben (1748-1785),[3] who admitted to making important changes to the text.[4]
Below is Kindleben's 1781 Latin version, with two translations to English (one anonymous and literal, and another by J. Mark Sugars, 1997).[5] The pseudo-Latin word antiburschius refers to opponents of the 19th-century politically active German student fraternities. The letter 'j' used in some modern transcriptions does not occur in classical Latin.
When sung, the first two lines and the last line of each stanza are repeated; for instance:
- Gaudeamus igitur.
- Iuvenes dum sumus.
- Gaudeamus igitur.
- Iuvenes dum sumus.
- Post iucundam iuventutem.
- Post molestam senectutem.
- Nos habebit humus —
- Nos habebit humus.
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Music
The first appearance in print of the present melody was in Lieder für Freunde der Geselligen Freude ("Songs for Friends of Convivial Joy"), published in Leipzig in 1782, together with Kindleben's German lyrics; however, the tune was evidently well known before this date. The first publication of the present Latin text together with the present melody was probably in Ignaz Walter's 1797 operatic setting of Doktor Faust.[6] It is also heard in Berlioz' Damnation of Faust.
Johannes Brahms quoted the hymn in the final section of his Academic Festival Overture, in a fortissimo rendition performed by the full orchestra.
Sigmund Romberg used it in the operetta The Student Prince, which is set at the University of Heidelberg.[7]
It is quoted in Johann Strauss II's, "Studenten-Polka" (Française, Op.263, first performed at the Redoutensaal (Students Ball) on 24 February 1862.
The hymn is quoted, along with other student songs, in the overture of Franz von Suppé's 1863 operetta Flotte Burschen, the action being once again set at the University of Heidelberg.[8]
Based on the original melody Franz Liszt has composed the Gaudeamus igitur—Paraphrase and later (1870) the Gaudeamus igitur—Humoreske.[9]
In popular culture
- The melody is woven through the soundtrack of Harold Lloyd's silent film The Freshman (1925).
- The song is sung in the James Stewart movie The Mortal Storm (1940).
- It was sung in Howard Hawks' Ball of Fire (1941) by a number of academics at a party where they are celebrating the upcoming nuptials of a professor played by Gary Cooper.
- It is sung in the remake of Ball of Fire, A Song Is Born (1948), starring Danny Kaye.
- It is performed as the musical theme of the classic 1951 Joseph L. Mankiewicz's film People Will Talk, delightfully "conducted" by Cary Grant - actually under Alfred Newman's baton. This film is a remake of the German Frauenarzt Dr. Praetorius, in which actor/director Curt Goetz performs that scene with the same music in the film based on his own play and screenplay.
- In Yasujirō Ozu’s 1952 film The Flavor of Green Tea over Rice (Ochazuke no Aji), the first verse is sung in a Tokyo bar by a young man who has just graduated and is about to embark on his working life.
- The song is sung on several occasions during the film The Student Prince, (1954), starring Edmund Purdom and Ann Blyth.
- Peter Alexander sings this song in a medley in the 1963 film Der Musterknabe.
- An arrangement of the tune is played on The Andy Griffith Show episode, "The Education of Ernest T. Bass" (1964), when Bass receives his diploma.
- In the film Lord Love a Duck (1966), a fairly modern vocal version is sung during graduation ceremonies.
- A modified version can be heard in some episodes of the Saturday-morning cartoon Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends.
- The melody also served as the music of the fictional school, Greenleaf High anthem, 'Hail To Thee O Greenleaf High' in the 1997 film In and Out.[10]
- The song is sung in Lars von Trier's 1997 Danish TV mini-series Riget II, by a group of medical students as a sign of appreciation to their pathology teacher Professor Bondo, as a response to the latter having let a malign sarcoma be transplanted into his own bowels.
- An excerpt of the song was performed by cast members of the television series The West Wing during the episode entitled "Debate Camp" (2002). Afterward, one character is asked by another what the lyrics mean, and he gives a standard English translation of the first verse.
- A sped-up orchestral version of the song plays shortly during a scene of the characters chasing a pet pig in the 2013 film Monsters University.
- In the 2013 Dutch film Feuten: Het Feestje, the song is sung to uplift spirits, after a party of the fictional student society HSV Mercurius is shut down by riot police. Singing the song makes them feel proud to be students, as they stand their ground against the riot police.
Recordings
- This song is referenced in satirist Tom Lehrer's song "Bright College Days" in his 1959 self-published album More of Tom Lehrer and in his more-recent album An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer, in the line "Turn on the spigot, pour the beer and swig it, and gaudeamus igit-ur."
- In the middle section of the Allan Sherman song "Dropouts March" (on the album Allan in Wonderland (1964)), An Alma Mater Chorus sings the following humorous line set to the melody: "Ignoramus there you are; Sitting in your hopped-up car; And your brains ain't up to par; And your ears stick out too far".
- This song is on the full version of Melanie's "Stop I Don't Want to Hear It Anymore" from 1971.
- The song is referenced in the Godley & Creme song "Punchbag" from their L album.
- A performance of the first, most characteristic strophe was recorded in the mid-20th century by the Italian-American tenor Mario Lanza, and is still available under the title "Gaudeamus Igitur".
- A doo wop version is available by the Escorts, from 1962, perhaps the only doo wop song sung in Latin.[11] (Coral 62317)
See also
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Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
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German Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gaudeamus igitur. |
References
- ↑ For instance, the noun membrum (member) has the same double meaning in Latin as in English.
- ↑ Fuld, James J (1966) The Book of World-Famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk, Dover Publications (2012 edition), ISBN 978-0486414751 (pp. 241–242)
- ↑ Papadopoulos, George-Julius (2005), Johannes Brahms and nineteenth-century comic ideology, University of Washington (p. 360)
- ↑ Fuld p. 242
- ↑ "Gaudeamus igitur / Brüder laßt uns lustig sein / Riemuitkaamme, vielä on free midi mp3 download Strand Hotel Sechelt bed breakfast". Ingeb.org. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
- ↑ Fuld, p. 242
- ↑ Everett, William A (2007), Sigmund Romberg Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0300111835 (pp. 142–143)
- ↑ "SUPPE: Famous Overtures". www.naxos.com. Naxos Digital Services Ltd. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ↑ "Gaudeamus igitur – Humoreske, S509". www.hyperion-records.co.uk. Hyperion.
- ↑ "Fox Dates 'Deadpool' for Feb. 12, 2016 10 hours ago". IMDb. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- ↑ Becky B (28 October 2011). "Escorts - Gaudeamus (1962)" – via YouTube.
External links
- De Brevitate Vitae performed by the Roosevelt Academy Choir
- Gaudeamus Igitur, lyrics in Latin, English, German, Finnish and Esperanto, midi and mp3 recordings
- Hoisting of the FISU flag during the opening ceremonies of the XXV Summer Universiade Belgrade 2009
- Gaudeamus Igitur sung at Smith College convocation, 2008 Note the stomping and enthusiasm for the "Vivat academia!" and "Vivant professores" lines.
- Thank you to our donors A witty presentation of Gaudeamus by the University of Sydney