Genkai shūraku
Genkai shūraku (限界集落, literally limited village, also translated as marginal village) is any village that has experienced depopulation and in danger of disappearing altogether, largely because more than half of the people living in the village are over the age of 65.
Such villages are generally found in mountain villages and outlying islands. Villages facing this sort of situation have seen the functions of a community - local government autonomy, maintaining of roads, and ceremonial occasions - rapidly declining, and are facing losing these altogether.
History
Akira Ōno, a professor of emeritus at Nagano University first proposed the concept in 1991 while teaching humanities at Kōchi University.
A number of surveys have been conducted to explore the phenomenon. In 2005 the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries commissioned a committee on rural development to do a survey on the true state of genkai shuraku (March 2006). According to the results, there were an estimated 1403 villages that were found to be in danger. These results were based on census results in agricultural villages.[1] In April 2006, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism commissioned a survey on the state of depopulating areas. The report stated that, of the 62,273 villages that were visited, 775 of them were depopulating.[2]
Terms
| Name | Definition | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sonzoku shuraku (存続集落) | More than 50% of the population is no more than 55 | Successors are ensured, and the next generation can continue the cooperative body |
| Jun genkai shuraku (準限界集落) | More than 50% of the population is over 55 | The current body can run things, but there is difficulty in finding successors, and there is a potential of becoming genkai shuraku |
| Genkai shuraku (限界集落) | More than 50% of the population is over 65 | The population is aging, and the function of the governing body is becoming limited |
| Shōmetsu shuraku (消滅集落) | Population of 0 | The village has literally vanished, and the population is gone |
References
- ↑ 調査結果 - 「限界集落における集落機能の実態等に関する調査」、財団法人農村開発企画委員会
- ↑ 調査報告 - 過疎地域等における集落の状況に関するアンケート調査、国土交通省
平成18年度「国土形成計画策定のための集落の状況に関する現況把握調査」～最終報告～ - 国土交通省、国土形成計画策定のための集落の状況に関する現況把握調査（図表編） - 国土交通省
- 大野晃 『山村環境社会学序説』 社団法人 農山漁村文化協会、2005年 3月31日、300頁。ISBN 4-540-04299-8