Gross (unit)

In English and related languages, several terms involving the words "great" or "gross" (possibly, from French: grosse thick) relate to numbers involving multiples of exponents of twelve (dozen):

• A gross refers to a group of 144 items (a dozen dozen or a square dozen).^[1][2]
• A great gross refers to a group of 1728 items (a dozen gross or a cubic dozen).^[1][2]
• A small gross^[3] or a great hundred^[4] refers to a group of 120 items (ten dozen).

A gross may be abbreviated as "gr" or "gro".

The continued use of these numbers in measurement and counting represents a continuation of the tradition of the duodecimal number system in everyday life^[5] and has encouraged groups such as the Duodecimal Society of America to advocate for a wider use of such a numbering system in place of decimal.^[6][7]

References

1. Schwartzman, Steven (1996), The Words of Mathematics: An Etymological Dictionary of Mathematical Terms Used in English, Mathematical Association of America, pp. 100–101, ISBN 9780883855119.
2. Darling, David (2004), The Universal Book of Mathematics: From Abracadabra to Zeno's Paradoxes, John Wiley & Sons, p. 140, ISBN 9780471270478.
3. Wright, Carroll Davidson (1910), The New Century Book of Facts: A Handbook of Ready Reference, King-Richardson Company, p. 462.
4. Wells, David (1997), The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers (3rd ed.), Penguin, p. 66, ISBN 9780140261493.
5. Gullberg, Jan (1997), Mathematics: From the Birth of Numbers, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393040029.
6. Dudley, Underwood (1996), Mathematical Cranks, Cambridge University Press, p. 22, ISBN 9780883855072.
7. Bellos, Alex (2012-12-12), "Dozenalists of the world unite! Rise up against the tyranny of ten!", The Guardian.