French corvette Revenant

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Iéna and HMS Victor.
Revenant
Detail of Combat de Grand Port, by Pierre Julien Gilbert, Musée national de la marine. Victor (ex-Revenant) is visible in the background.
History
France
Name: Revenant
Namesake: Revenant (French: "ghost")
Builder: Saint-Malo
Launched: 1807
Acquired: July 1808 by French Navy
Renamed: Iéna September 1808
Fate: Captured on 8 October 1808
United Kingdom
Name: Victor
Acquired: 8 October 1808
Captured: 2 November 1809
France
Name: Victor
Acquired: 2 November 1809 by capture
Captured: 3 December 1810
Fate: Broken up
General characteristics
Type: Corvette
Displacement: 300 tons (French)
Tons burthen: c.400[1]
Length: 36 meters
Beam: 9 meters
Sail plan: Full-rigged ship
Speed: up to 12 knots
Armament:

Revenant was a 20-gun privateer corvette, launched in 1807, and designed by Robert Surcouf for commerce raiding. The French Navy later requisitioned her and renamed her Iéna, after Napoleon's then recent victory. The British subsequently captured her and she served in the Royal Navy as HMS Victor. The French Navy recaptured her in 1809, and she served for a year under her original name. The British again captured her when they captured Isle de France (now Mauritius) in December 1810. However, they did not restore her to service and she was subsequently broken up.

Career

Her coppered hull allowed her to sail at up to 12 knots. Her cost was of 277,761 francs-or. One of hers owners was the banker Jacques Récamier.

Indian ocean cruises (1807 - 1808)

In February 1807,[2] Surcouf enlisted Potier as first officer on his new privateer Revenant.[3] Revenant then departed from Saint-Malo on 2 March, and sailed for Isle de France. Revenant arrived there on 10 June, along with several prizes she had taken during her journey.[4] She cruised the Bay of Bengal from September to 31 January 1808 under Surcouf,,[5] capturing the rice ships Trafalgar, Mangles, Admiral Alpin, Susannah Hunter, Success, Fortune, New Endeavour, Colonel Macauley, William Burroughs, Oriente and Jean Labdam.[6][7] Trafalgar, of about 800 tos (bm), was a copper-sheathed three-master, carrying 10,000 sacks of rice from Bengal. Maingless was also a copper-sheathed three-master, in this case carrying 8,000 sacks of rice from Bengal, but also books, mirrors, and furniture. Lastly, Suzanne, of 400 tons (bm), copper-sheathed three-master, was carrying rice and sailcloth. They had been captured on 11, 18, and 25 November, and arrived at Port-Louis on 2 and 16 December.[8]

After Revenant returned to Port-Louis from her first campaign Surcouf gave Potier command of the ship on 2 April.[9]

In late April, as Revenant was completing her preparations and plotting her route, a prize taken by the privateer Adèle gave news of the new war between France and Portugal; Adèle also brought intelligence about the Conceçáo-de-Santo-Antonio, a 64-gun ship of the line armed en flûte, which was in Goa preparatory to sailing for Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon.[9] Surcouf sent Portier to intercept, and Revenant departed Port-Louis on 30 April.[9] She arrived in her patrol zone on 17 May and sighted her prey on the 24th.[9] Revenant captured Conceçáo-de-Santo-Antonio after a one-hour battle.[7][10][11] Potier gave Conceçáo a prize crew under First Lieutenant Fonroc, and returned to Mauritius one month later with his prize.[12]

Surcouf then planned to send Revenant back to France en aventurier with colonial goods.[12]

French naval service

However, General Decaen, governor of Isle de France, requisitioned Revenant on 4 July.[13] The government renamed her Iéna, and gave command of her to Lieutenant Morice, with Lieutenant de vaisseau Albin Roussin as second officer. Surcouf had an altercation with Decaen but had to accept the requisitioning of his ship. Surcouf eventually purchased Sémillante, which he renamed Charles, to return to France with his goods.[14]

Capture by the Royal Navy

Iéna set sail to cruise the Persian Gulf and Bay of Bengal. On 8 October 1808, off the Sandheads near the mouth of the Ganges river, she was chased by the 44-gun HMS Modeste, under Captain George Elliot,[15] which caught the Iéna after 9 hours. A night battle followed at musket range; after two and a half hours, Iéna was crippled, dismasted and leaking water, and struck her colours.[16] Iéna had no casualties, while Modeste had her master killed and a seaman wounded. The Royal Navy commissioned Iéna as the 18-gun ship sloop HMS Victor, initially under Commander Thomas Grout and subsequently under Captain Edward Stopford.[1]

On 2 May 1809, she departed from the Sandheads with a convoy of five Indiamen and several smaller vessels. On 24 May a storm split the convoy and Victor, the small ships, and two of the Indiamen continued without Streatham, Europe, and Lord Keith. Streatham and Europe were captured on 31 May.

Recapture by the French Navy

On 2 November 1809, HMS Victor, under Edward Stopford, encountered the 44-gun frigate Bellone, under Guy-Victor Duperré; Victor struck after a long chase and a brief but spirited resistance that cost her two men wounded.[17] Bellone took her to Isle de France, where she was repaired and recommissioned as Victor in the French Navy, under Lieutenant Nicolas Morice.[18]

On 21 February, she sailed for a cruise in the Indian Ocean and the Mozambique Channel in a squadron under Captain Duperré, on Bellone, which also comprised Minerve under Pierre Bouvet. There, she took part in the Action of 3 July 1810, contributing to the capture of the East Indiamen Windham and Ceylon.

Upon their to Isle de France, the French squadron encountered a British frigate squadron attempting to seize the island. In the ensuing Battle of Grand Port, Revenant was used as a support ship, behind the French line of battle, as her armament was weaker than that of the more powerful frigates.

On 17–18 September 1810, along with Vénus, she captured the 40-gun HMS Ceylon. Vénus and Ceylon were damaged in the battle, and the next day a British squadron composed of HMS Boadicea, HMS Otter and the brig HMS Staunch captured Vénus and Ceylon; Revenant managed to escape.

Fate

The British again captured Revenant when Isle de France fell on 3 December 1810. She was not restored to service but instead was subsequently broken up.

In art

Citations and references

Citations

  1. 1 2 Winfield (2008), pp. 272-3.
  2. ↑ Gallois, vol.2, p.303
  3. ↑ Cunat, p.412
  4. ↑ Fonds Marine, p. 362
  5. ↑ Cunat, p.399
  6. ↑ More on Surcouf, apen10.tripod.com
  7. 1 2 3 Corvette Le Revenant à l'Ile de France en 1808 par Gustave Alaux
  8. ↑ Piat (2007), p.95.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Cunat, p.413
  10. ↑ Cunat, p.417
  11. ↑ Report of Captain Joseph Potier, quoted in Lepelley, p. 143 — 144
  12. 1 2 Cunat, p.418
  13. ↑ Fonds Marine, p. 377
  14. ↑ Les marins de l'Empereur
  15. ↑ James, op. cit., p.73
  16. ↑ Hennequin, op. cit., Vol 2, p.386
  17. ↑ Hepper (1994), p.130.
  18. ↑ Troude, op- cit., p. 87

References

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