Hanna Suchocka

Hanna Suchocka
5th Prime Minister of Poland
In office 8 July 1992 – 26 October 1993
President	Lech Wałęsa
Deputy	Henryk Goryszewski Paweł Łączkowski
Preceded by	Waldemar Pawlak
Succeeded by	Waldemar Pawlak
Polish Ambassador to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
In office 10 October 2002 – 30 June 2013
Appointed by	Aleksander Kwaśniewski
Preceded by	Stefan Frankiewicz
Succeeded by	Piotr Nowina-Konopka
Polish Ambassador to the Holy See
In office 3 December 2001 – 30 June 2013
Appointed by	Aleksander Kwaśniewski
Preceded by	Stefan Frankiewicz
Succeeded by	Piotr Nowina-Konopka
Minister of Justice and Public Prosecutor General
In office 31 October 1997 – 8 June 2000
Prime Minister	Jerzy Buzek
Preceded by	Leszek Kubicki
Succeeded by	Lech Kaczyński
First Vice-President of the Venice Commission
In office 19 December 2015 – 29 April 2016
Preceded by	Jan Erik Helgesen
Succeeded by	vacant[1]
Honorary President of the Venice Commission
Incumbent
Assumed office 10 June 2016
Personal details
Born	3 April 1946 Pleszew, Poland
Political party	Alliance of Democrats (Before 1989) Solidarity (1989–1990) Democratic Union (1990–1994) Freedom Union (1994–2000)
Alma mater	University of Poznań
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Awards

Hanna Suchocka [ˈxanna suˈxɔt͡ska] (born 3 April 1946) is a Polish political figure, lawyer, professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and Chair of the Constitutional Law Department, former First Vice-President of the Venice Commission.^[2][3] Honorary President of the Venice Commission.^[4]

She served as the prime minister of Poland between 8 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wałęsa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland (with Ewa Kopacz and Beata Szydło holding the post in the 2010s) and was the 14th woman to be appointed and serve as prime minister in the world.^[5]

Career

Suchocka was born in Pleszew, Poland, in a Catholic family of chemists. Her grandfather was a University teacher and her grandmother Anna became member of the first Polish parliament after independence in 1918, when women got the right to vote. Suchocka went to law school and became a researcher at the University of Poznan but she was fired when she refused to join the Communist party. She was preoccupied by human rights and undertook a PhD in Constitutional Law in West Germany in 1975.

In 1969 she joined a small non-Marxist 'satellite party', the Democratic Party (SD), and was a member of parliament the Sejm of People's Republic of Poland in 1980-1985. At the same time she was a member and a legal advisor to Solidarity. She was one of only a few MPs who did not to vote in favour of martial law in 1981 and the criminalisation of Solidarity in 1984. The party suspended her (or she resigned), but with the support of Solidarity she was reelected to parliament in 1989. When Solidarity supporters split up into several political parties, Suchocka joined the centre-liberal Democratic Union (DU) and was re-elected to parliament in 1991.

Prime Minister

She became Prime Minister in 1992. Governments at the time were based on various coalitions and changed constantly. Suchocka was chosen to the amazement of many male politicians but she was known for her low profile and willingness to make compromises and promote reconciliation. She could be accepted by people who had antipathy towards more prominent leaders of DU. In addition, as a left-winger, while being opposed to abortion as a Catholic, she could be accepted by both sides of the political spectrum and satisfy the interests of a majority in a parliament consisting of seven parties, including a Christian and a liberal party.^[6]

Hanna Suchocka declared that her government was for social reconciliation and would lead the country forward in the transformation from communism to capitalism. She was approved by 233 against 61 votes and 113 abstentions^[7] She quickly formed a cabinet, but it didn't include any other female ministers, although she wanted them. None of the coalition partners were willing to accept another woman and she got two male deputy prime ministers. She stayed longer as prime minister than any of her four predecessors, but she did not stay long. There was a wave of strikes and Suchocka was a warm supporter of market reforms and followed a hard line against the strikers. When she wouldn't give salary increases to teachers and health workers, parliament passed a vote of no-confidence by a majority of one vote. Wałęsa dissolved parliament and held new elections and Suchocka resigned as soon as the new parliament was in place.^[8]

• 
  Official portrait during her premiership

Later career

In 1994 Hanna Suchocka was one of the founders of a liberal and social-democratic Liberty Union party, which became the country's third largest political force. From 1997 to 2000 she was the minister of justice in a coalition government.^[9]

She is also a member of the Club of Madrid.^[10]

Hanna Suchocka is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an international network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development.

She served as Poland's Ambassador to the Holy See from 2002 to 2013. She was also a member of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences in the Vatican (appointed by Pope John Paul II on 19 January 1994).

In April 2014 Suchocka was among the 8 initial appointees of Pope Francis to the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors.^[11]

External links

• Suchocka's page at the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences

References

1. http://www.venice.coe.int/WebForms/pages/?p=01_01_Offices
2. "Venice Commission :: Council of Europe". www.venice.coe.int. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
3. "MSZ: Banaszak i Muszyński nowymi członkami Komisji Weneckiej | Aktualności | Polska Agencja Prasowa". www.pap.pl. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
4. "Former Polish PM named honorary president of Venice Commission | News_ | Polish Press Agency". www.pap.pl. Retrieved 2016-06-12.
5. Skard, Torild (2014) "Hanna Suchocka" in Women of Power - Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Policy Press, ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0
6. Opfell (1993) "Hanna Suchocka" in Women prime ministers and presidents, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co, ISBN 978-0899507903, pp. 212-22; Skard, Torild (2014) "Hanna Suchocka" in Women of power - Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Policy Press, ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0, pp. 344-5
7. Current Biography 1994, January, New York, NY: H.W.Wilson, pp 50-3
8. Lewis, Jone Johnson (1992) Hanna Suchocka government, October, www.womenshistory.about.com and Who's Who in Poland, Directory of members of parliament, state and local government and the presidential chancellery 1994-1995, (1994) Warsaw, p.II-497
9. Siemienska, Renata (2003) "Women in the Polish Sejm" in R.E.Matland and K.A.Montgomery (eds) Women's access to political power in post-communist Europe, Oxford/New York, NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 217-44
10. (English) The Club of Madrid is an independent organization dedicated to strengthening democracy around the world by drawing on the unique experience and resources of its Members – 66 democratic former heads of state and government.
11. Wall Street Journal March 22, 2014