Hassan Habibi

This article is about the politician. For the footballer, see Hassan Habibi (footballer).

Hassan Ebrahim Habibi


First Vice President of Iran
In office 1 September 1989 – 11 September 2001
President	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Mohammad Khatami
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Mohammad-Reza Aref
Minister of Justice
In office 9 March 1985 – 1 September 1989
President	Ali Khamenei
Prime Minister	Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Preceded by	Mohammad Asghari
Succeeded by	Esmail Shooshtari
Minister of Science
In office 6 October 1979 – 29 October 1981
President	Abulhassan Banisadr Mohammad-Ali Rajai
Prime Minister	Mohammad-Ali Rajai Mohammad-Javad Bahonar Mahdavi Kani (Acting)
Preceded by	Ali Shariatmadari
Succeeded by	Hassan Arefi
Minister of Culture
In office 1 October 1979 – 6 November 1979
Prime Minister	Mehdi Bazargan
Preceded by	Abbas Duzduzani
Succeeded by	Nasser Minachi
Personal details
Born	Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (1937-01-29)29 January 1937 Tehran, Iran
Died	31 January 2013(2013-01-31) (aged 76) Tehran, Iran
Political party	Executives of Construction Party (1996–2013) Islamic Republican Party (1979–1987) Freedom Movement (1966–1979)
Spouse(s)	Shafigheh Rahideh^[1]
Religion	Islam
Awards	Excellent Order of Independence^[2] Order of Knowledge (1st class)^[3]

Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (29 January 1937 – 31 January 2013) was an Iranian politician, lawyer, scholar and the head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature (from 11 October 2004 to his death in 2013). He was also a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution. Habibi was the first vice president of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Early life and education

Habibi was born on 29 January 1937. He studied sociology in France.^[4]^[5] He held a PhD in law and sociology. When he was a university student he visited Khomeini while the latter was in exile.^[6]

Career

Habibi was tasked by Ayatollah Khomenei to draft the prospective constitution of Iran when the latter was in exile in Paris.^[7] His version was heavily modified due to criticisms and the final text was approved by the election in November 1979.^[5]

Following the Iranian revolution, Habibi was named public spokesman for the revolutionary council.^[8] He was among the main architects of the first draft of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was later passed for more discussion to an elected Assembly of Experts for Constitution.^[9] The assembly made significant changes in the original draft, e.g. by introducing the new position of "leader of the Islamic Republic" based on Khomeini's concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists, which gave almost unlimited power to the clergy. The modified version was approved in a popular referendum in 1979. In the 1980 presidential election, Habibi run for office, but received only ten percent of the vote against Banisadr's seventy percent.^[10] Habibi was backed by Mohammad Beheshti in the election process.^[10] In the same year he won a parliamentary seat, being a representative of the Islamic Republican Party.^[11]

Habibi served as the minister of justice under Prime Minister Mousavi. He was first vice president of Iran from 1989 to 2001, eight years under President Rafsanjani and then four years under President Khatami.^[9] He was replaced by Mohammad Reza Aref in the post in Khatami's second term. He was also head of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature^[12] and a member of the Expediency Council.^[13]

Death

Habibi died on 31 January 2013. He was buried at the mausoleum of Imam Khomeini in Tehran on 1 February.^[13] The funeral service was attended by leading Iranian political figures, including former President Ahmedinejad.^[13]

Work

Habibi is the author of several books, including God (1981), Society, Culture, Politics (1984), Islam and the Crisis of Our Time (1984), In the Mirror Of Rights: Views Of International Rights, Comparative Rights And Sociology (1988), Seeking the Roots (editing & translation) (1994), Casework of An Ages Student (1997), One Word Out Of Thousands (2 vol.) (1998-2001) and General International Rights (2 vol.) (2003).^[14]

References

↑ Dana Dabir (7 March 2011). همسران حکومتی؛ از حاشیه تا متن [Governmental spouses; from the margin to the text]. Khodnevis (in Persian). Retrieved 7 March 2011.
↑ اعطای نشان عالی استقلال به آقای حسن حبیبی معاون اول رئیس جمهور [Endowing the Excellent Order of Independence to Mr. Hassan Habibi, First Vice President]. Iranian Parliament (in Persian). 26 July 1997. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
↑ نشان‌های دولتی در روزهای پایانی خاتمی و احمدی‌نژاد به چه‌کسانی رسید؟. Tasnim News Agency (in Persian). 24 August 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
↑ Chehabi, H. E. (Summer 1991). "Religion and Politics in Iran: How Theocratic Is the Islamic Republic?". Daedalus. 120 (3): 69–91. JSTOR . 20025388 .
1 2 Randjbar-Daemi, Siavush (2013). "Building the Islamic State: The Draft Constitution of 1979 Reconsidered". Iranian Studies. 46 (4): 641–663. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784519. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
↑ Paola Rivetti (February 2012). "Islamic Republic: Shaping Iran's politics through the campus". In Rouzbeh Parsi. Iran: A Revolutionary Republic in Transition (Chaillot Papers). Paris: Institute for Security Studies European Union. ISBN 978-92-9198-198-4. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
↑ Akhavi, Shahrough (2008). "The Thought and Role of Ayatollah Hossein'ali Montazeri in the Politics of Post-1979 Iran". Iranian Studies. 41 (5): 645–666. doi:10.1080/00210860802518301. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
↑ Rubin, Barry (1980). Paved with Good Intentions (PDF). New York: Penguin Books. p. 284.
1 2 "Hassan Ebrahim Habibi, Iranian scholar & former VP passes away". PressTV. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
1 2 Rouleau, Eric (1980). "Khomenei's Iran". Foreign Affairs. 59 (1). Retrieved 5 August 2013.
↑ Bahman Baktiari (1996). Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. p. 69. – via Questia (subscription required)
↑ "Iranologists condemn deliberate distortion of Persian Gulf's name". Payvand. 24 December 2004. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
1 2 3 "Iran's former first vice president laid to rest". Tehran Times. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
↑ "Dr. Hassan Habibi". Eve Literary Agency. Retrieved 2 February 2013.

Political offices
Preceded by Office established	First Vice President of Iran 1989–2001	Succeeded by Mohammad-Reza Aref

First Vice Presidents of Iran

Hassan Habibi (1989–2001) Mohammad-Reza Aref (2001–2005) Parviz Davoodi (2005–2009) Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei (2009) Mohammad Reza Rahimi (2009–2013) Eshaq Jahangiri (2013–present)

Cabinet of President Mohammad Khatami (1997–2005)

Cabinet

Minister of Foreign Affairs	Kamal Kharrazi (1997–2005)

Minister of Agriculture**	Isa Kalantari (1997–2000)

Minister of Jihad of Construction**	Mohammad Saeedikia (1997–2000)

Ministry of Jihad of Agriculture**	Mahmoud Hojjati (2000–2005)

Minister of Post, Telegraph and Telephone	Mohammad Reza Aref (1997–2000) Nasrollah Jahangard* (2000) Abdollah Mirtaheri* (2000) Ahmad Motamedi (2000–2005)

Minister of Labour and Social Affairs	Hossein Kamali (1997–2001) Safdar Hosseini (2001–2004) Nasser Khaleghi (2004–2005)

Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance	Attaollah Mohajerani (1997–2000) Ahmad Masjed-Jamei (2000–2005)

Minister of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics	Ali Shamkhani (1997–2005)

Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance	Hossein Namazi (1997–2001) Tahmasb Mazaheri (2001–2004) Safdar Hosseini (2004–2005)

Minister of Education	Hossein Mozaffar (1997–2001) Morteza Haji (2001–2005)

Minister of Energy	Habibolah Bitaraf (1997–2005)

Minister of Health and Medical Education	Mohammad Farhadi (1997–2001) Masoud Pezeshkian (2001–2005)

Minister of Mines and Metals***	Eshaq Jahangiri (1997–2000)

Minister of Industries***	Gholamreza Shafeei (1997–2000)

Minister of Industries and Mines***	Eshaq Jahangiri (2000–2005)

Minister of Intelligence	Ghorbanali Dorri Najafabadi (1997–1998) Ali Younesi (1998–2005)

Minister of Interior	Abdollah Nouri (1997–1998) Abdolvahed Mousavi Lari (1998–2005)

Minister of Justice	Mohammad Ismaeil Shooshtari (1997–2005)

Minister of Petroleum	Bijan Namdar Zanganeh (1997–2005)

Minister of Roads and Transportation	Mahmoud Hojatti (1997–2001) Rahman Dadman (2001) Ahmad Khorram (2001–2004) Mohammad Rahmati (2004–2005)

Commerce	Mohammad Shariatmadar (1997–2005)

Minister of Science, Research and Technology	Mostafa Moeen (1997–2003) Jafar Towfighi (2003–2005)

Minister of Welfare and Social Security****	Mohammad Hossein Sharifzadegan (2004–2005)

Ministry of Cooperatives	Morteza Haji (1997–2001) Ali Soufi (2001–2005)

Ministry of Housing and Urban Development	Ali Abdolalizadeh (1997–2005)

Cabinet-level

First Vice President	Hassan Habibi (1997–2001) Mohammad Reza Aref (2001–2005)

Chief of Staff	Mohammad-Ali Abtahi (1997–2001) Ali Khatami (2001–2005)

Vice President and Head of Atomic Energy Organization	Gholam Reza Aghazadeh (1997–2005)

Vice President and Head of Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization	Mohammad Beheshti Shirazi (1997–2003) Hossein Marashi (2003–2005)

Vice President and Head of Environmental Protection Organization	Masoumeh Ebtekar (1997–2005)

Vice President and Head of Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs	Hossein Dehghan (2002–2005)

Vice President and Head of Management and Planning Organization of Iran	Mohammad-Ali Najafi (1997–2000) Mohammad Reza Aref (2000–2001) Mohammad Sattarifar (2001–2004) Hamidreza Baradaran-Shoraka (2004–2005)

Vice President and Head of Physical Education Organization	Mostafa Hashemitaba (1997–2001) Mohsen Mehralizadeh (2001–2005)

Vice President for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs	Mohammad-Ali Abtahi (2001–2004) Majid Ansari (2004–2005)

* Acting
**Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Jihad of Construction merged, forming Ministry of Jihad of Agriculture
***Ministry of Industries and Ministry of Mines and Metals merged, forming Ministry of Industries and Mines
****established in 2004

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