Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy

Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	G54.5
ICD-9-CM	353.5
OMIM	162100
DiseasesDB	33458
GeneReviews	Hereditary Neuralgic Amyotrophy

Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is a neuralgic disorder that is characterized by nerve damage and muscle atrophy, preceded by severe pain.^[1] It is caused by a mutation in the SEPT9 gene (17q25). While not much is known about this disorder, it has been characterized to be similar to Parsonage-Turner syndrome in prognosis.^[2] For a comprehensive overview of hereditary and idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy and its consequences for patients: please see the pdf file link at the bottom of this page.

Presentation

HNA is an episodic disorder; it is characterized by episodes generally lasting 1–6 weeks. During an episode, the nerves of the brachial plexus are targeted by the body as antigens, and the body's immune system begins to degenerate the nerves of the brachial plexus. The exact order or location of the nerve degeneration cannot be predicted before an episode. Other areas of the nervous system that have been affected are the phrenic nerves and the recurrent laryngeal. As the nerves lose function, the muscles associated with those nerves begin to atrophy. In brachial plexus degeneration, atrophy may occur in the deltoid muscles. In phrenic nerve degeneration, the diaphragm may be affected. In this case, breathing can be impaired due to a lack of muscle control of the diaphragm. If the recurrent larangyl nerve is targeted, the pharynx will begin to atrophy and voice function may be lost.^[2]

Symptoms

Symptoms of HNA may include pain in the back, neck, arms, or shoulders, nerve pulls in the arms or back, muscular atrophy, and weakness.^[2]

Treatment

The severe pain of HNA can be controlled with an anti-inflammatory drug such as prednisone, although it is unknown whether these anti-inflammatory drugs actually slow or stop the nerve degeneration process.

Nerve regeneration after an episode is normal, and in less severe cases a full recovery of the nerves and muscles can be expected. However, in a severe case permanent nerve damage may occur.^[2]

References

↑ van Alfen N (June 2007). "The neuralgic amyotrophy consultation". J. Neurol. 254 (6): 695–704. doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0246-4. PMC 2780663. PMID 17446996.
1 2 3 4 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) Amyotrophy, Hereditary Neuralgic; Hna -162100

External links

HMSN	Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Dejerine–Sottas disease Refsum's disease Hereditary spastic paraplegia Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy Familial amyloid neuropathy

Autoimmune/demyelinating	Guillain–Barré syndrome Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Other	Alcoholic polyneuropathy

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 1/16/2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.