Howard County Public School System

Howard County Public School System
Location
Columbia, Maryland
United States
District information
Type Public
Grades PreK−12
Superintendent Renee Foose (2012–Present)
Asst. Superintendent(s) Linda Wise
Schools 76
Budget $725,280,030 (FY 2014)
District ID 2400420
Students and staff
Students 52,700
Teachers 4670
Staff 3259
Student-teacher ratio 14.3
Other information
Website www.hcpss.org

The Howard County Public School System (HCPSS) is the school district that manages the public schools of Howard County, Maryland, USA. It is headquartered in the Columbia, Maryland census-designated place; the facility has an Ellicott City mailing address.[1][2] It operates under the supervision of an elected, eight-member Board of Education. Renee A. Foose is the current Superintendent.

The district operates 76 Schools: 41 elementary schools, 20 middle schools, 12 high schools, and 3 special schools/education centers.[3] As of February 2013, a total of 52,000 students were enrolled.[4]

Howard County consistently earns high marks in school performance metrics such as test scores and graduation rates. It gets high percentages at all levels of the Maryland School Assessments. In 2007 Forbes magazine rated Howard County as one of the ten most cost-efficient school systems in the United States.

Fast facts

Superintendent − Renee A. Foose

Howard County Board of Education members

Ellen Flynn Giles, Janet Siddiqui, and Ann De Lacy lost re-election in the 2016 presidential election. Board members-elect will take office December 5, 2016. They are:

Total enrollment − 51,841*

*As of February 2014. Official count does not include PreK.

Race/Ethnicity

Attendance rate 2012-2013

Graduation rate: 93.25%*

*For class of 2013. 4-year adjusted cohort

Howard County education history

Early education

the Patapsco Female Institute

In 1723, Maryland enacted a bill requiring a school in each county.[7] Rev Joeseph Colebatch, Col Samuel Young, William Locke, Charles Hammond, Capt Daniel Maraitiee, Richard Warfield, and John Beale were commissioned to buy land and build schools in what was then Anne Arundel County.[8] Ellicott city opened its first boys' school in the Weir building in 1820.[9] In 1835, the state declared Ellicott's Mills a primary school district.[10] In 1839, the Howard District of Anne Arundel County was formed. Early schools were funded and managed independently through towns, investors, the state and churches. Some early examples are St. Charles College, incorporated in 1830 near Doughoregan Manor, Patapsco Female Institute (1833) in Ellicott City, and Mount St. Clement (1867) at Illchester.[11] By 1847, the Howard district operated 20 single-room school houses. By 1853, the law required each school to have three trustees and one clerk appointed in one year terms by vote.[12] In 1864, Maryland created the state board of education for public education, leaving counties to control their own school boards. Teachers pay was increased to $100 per quarter.[13][14] The Patapsco Female Institute was the first women's school to receive state funding. After the civil war, single-room schoolhouses within walking distance of communities were built throughout the county. In 1885, former Maryland Governor John Lee Carroll joined the school board along with J. T. Williams and John W. Dorsey.[15] In 1894, Chairman Robert A. Dobbin and the remainder of the county school board were indicted for receiving money in excess of per diem.[16] In 1905, corporal punishment was tested in the courts after Highland School teacher Cora Burgess was fined for whipping a student, an act that would be banned by the state 88 years later.[17]

1920s

In 1922, the State of Maryland authorized $600,000 in bond sales for Howard County expenses. A cap of $60,000 was placed on school improvement expenses, and $540,000 was required to be allocated to road construction.[18] By the mid-1920s some children rode to school on private produce trucks. In 1928, the first county school bus service started.[19] During the period, 156 Rosenwald Schools were built in Maryland for teaching African American children. In Howard county, the five-teacher school in Cooksville, the two-teacher Guilford school was constructed, and the one-room Elkridge school.[20] Superintendent W.C. Phillips commissioned a more robust stone high school for Ellicott City with a cornerstone laid in November 1924.[21]

Depression era

Former Justice of the Peace and Coroner Stanley E. Grantham served as board president until World War II.[22] In 1937, The school system dropped the practice of charging students for bus fare to its schools, as well as transporting parochial students. It also dedicated its first classroom in Savage for "backward" special needs students, and implemented its first modular classroom to hold students until repairs could be made to an unsafe school. Future commissioner and board member Charles E. Miller starts his own bus service and vehicle sales to the County.[23]

In 1938, many single-room school houses were sold to private bidders and multiple elementary and high school projects were started using 45% Federal Emergency Agency grants used to reduce unemployment, and set fair wages. In 1939, the county issued its first school bonds, borrowing $107,000 for construction of Ellicott City Elementary, Clarksville Middle, Clarksville High, and Highland Colored School. From this date to present, the county has maintained public debt interest expenses for school expansion. It also consolidated all insurance under one broker, W Emil Thompson, a candidate for state senator.[24][25]

WWII era

In 1941, hospital owner and land developer Issac Taylor became board president. As early as November 1940, the board expressed concerns about selective service pulling away most of the male teachers for military service. The same year, gun lockers were installed in the Ellicott Elementary gym for the local guard, and the board terminated Norman Schussler for "unamerican" behavior and not wanting to serve his country. African American school teacher Effie Liggans Scott was released for working while pregnant.[26][27] When conscientious objector Richard MCleary refused to salute the flag in class, the board made a policy to dismiss the student from school.[28] By late 1944, school construction had been at a standstill and there was a shortage of qualified teachers. The board focused on teacher bonuses and bus contracts.

After the war

At the war's end, Eleanor M. Cissel became the president of the board. Her family was active as school bus operators in the county, and Charlie Cissel taught at the Lisbon agriculture school. The state board of education mandated classroom sizes be reduced to 35 from 40 and the addition of a 12th grade.[29] In 1946, future County Executive Omar Jones started as an Agriculture teacher.[30] Physical education was funded for the first time in 1947, and the budget nearly doubled since the beginning of the war, without significant school construction or student population changes. In 1948, a single centralized county high school with busing was proposed, but the $1,000,000 cost was considered prohibitive.[31] The only major program funded in the decade since the PWA money grants was the agriculture shop at Lisbon, which ballooned from $8,000 to over $18,000 in construction costs by 1949.[32]

1950s

In 1949, John H Brown became the board president. After 10 years without school construction, the county awaited legislation for bonds that could be paid off in the 20-year design life of the buildings, leaving the county without debt by 1969. A single central high school design was modified to one that would serve three districts and plans for additions to Clarksville, Libson, and West Friendship were made at an estimated cost of $875,000. Newspaper publication of the school budget was refused, and replaced with a mimeograph supplied on request. It was also the first year that the school board met with representatives regarding the combined impact of schools with water, sewer, and roads. Four colored and one white schools without water were funded for new wells. School buses and drivers were inspected for the first time. The board expanded to four members in May 1949 with the addition of Norman H Warfield, and a new position of County Superintendent was created and given with Warfield's vote to John E. Yingling. In 1949, future land developer and County Executive Norman E. Moxley is hired to a new position as chairman of the school building commission.[33] The school board remains self-elected by its own four members with one-year terms. By 1952, the first major subdivisions are started in Ellicott City, prompting the League of Women Voters to express concern. The school board noted that there was plenty of land in the county for schools, just little funding for new buildings. The planning board provided the first listings of building permits to the school board showing growth rates nearly doubling in three months. School salaries are raised to a base of $3,000 a year and student-to-teacher ratio is lowered to 33.[34] In 1953, Maryland expanded the loans for new schools to $514,000, and driver's education classes began.[35] In 1955 Charles E. Miller is elected President of the Board. In 1956 football is expanded from six man teams to eleven man teams with games to be played at Howard High School. Maryland governor J. Millard Tawes appoints Gertrude Crist to the School board in 1959.[36]

1960s

In 1962, Senator Frank E. Shipley bypassed the state school board nominating commission recommendation of Fred Schoenbrodt, and installed Clifford Y. Stephens.[37] The school board proposes an ambitious $3 million expansion of Howard High, and administration buildings funded by a 6% increase in property taxes for anticipated growth.[38] In October 1963, Stephens was indicted for price fixing milk and dies soon after in an automobile crash.[39][40] Stephens death reduces the school board to two people and a lengthy board process to recommend a replacement candidate to the governor.[41] Senator James A. Clark, Jr. recommended a change. The school board expands to five members in 1964, all chosen by the governor (J. Millard Tawes) which include James Moxley Jr, Fred Schoenbrodt, Gertrude Crist, Austin Zimmer, and Edward Cochran. In 1965, the county implemented a .25% transfer tax to fund new schools and parks, netting $70,000 in its fist nine months.[42] The school board estimates 39,600 pupils by 1980, missing the mark by 15,000.[43] In May 1966, The Howard County Citizens Association confronts Howard Research and Development for using 700 acres of school property bought by the county at market rate to count as part of the 3200 acres of open space promised for the Columbia development plan. Rouse comprised slightly by not including school buildings as open space in calculations, and donating land for schools not already purchased with a "maintenance fee" for the transfer.[44] In 1966 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act is passed. Howard County shares $75,000 in title III planning grants with Caroll County, and $110,000 in Title I grants for 466 student that qualify for low income family education. Councilman Norman E. Moxleys Normandy Insurance is awarded an insurance contract for BOE vehicles. The Central Maryland News and Times requests the county stop its closed door policy on school board meetings. Meetings remained closed, but controlled press releases were resumed. A foundation recommended the school system start using a centralized computer based education system and another recommended outdoor classrooms.[45] In 1967 Howard County attempted to consolidate its offices in Ellicott City. The board of education declined, and offered to relocate to an existing vacant school.[46] County commissioners approved the formation of a community college. In 1968, Thomas M Goedeke is selected from Baltimore County to become chief of public education serving until 1984 replacing 42-year veteran John E. Yingling.[47] Future county executive Edward L. Cochran becomes head of the school board.[48]

Desegregation

Early education was not available for African Americans in Howard County. In 1872, Maryland state law required the creation of at least one school for each district with over 15 school-age colored children.[49] The Howard County school system was segregated since the law, funding four teachers using rented rooms in 1873.[50] Dedicated schools began with the building of the Ellicott City Colored School in 1888. Worn school books were provided from white schools.[51] In 1917, colored schools operated 7 months by state law. In 1936, Cooksville became the fist school to offer an 8th grade curriculum. This was expanded to four years in 1939, but only offered at single school.[52] In 1938, African American teachers petitioned for equal salaries, and Superintendent S. E. Grantham and the commissioners felt they could not allow an additional $7,500 in expenses, ending the effort.[53] In 1940, a Federal Court mandated equal salaries, which led the board to offer an extra month's pay if the teachers' union would not litigate against them for equal salaries.[54] In the urgency following the Pearl Harbor attack, teachers from all races trained together on First-Aid for the first time. The racial equity less apparent when the board announced in September 1942, that students seeking clinic aid for syphilis could only use colored buses, because using a white bus was considered improper.[55] By 1949, the Cooksville School had 79 students for one teacher. In 1952 Howard County operated 8 elementary, two junior high, and three high schools for 3,790 white students. There were 9 "colored" elementary and one high school with 976 students.[56] The school board recognized overcrowding, and noted that colored students would soon be requesting modern indoor bathrooms like other schools in the county. In 1954, segregation was outlawed by the supreme court in Brown v. Board of Education. With clear direction from the supreme court, the school board, which included future county commissioner Charles E. Miller, delayed action.[57] November 1955, a citizens' committee on desegregation was formed and asked to report its findings in 1956 for the 1956–1957 school year. The NAACP wrote the board asking why they were not following the Supreme Court decision and county PTA organizations disagreed with the county's plans to continue segregated bus service to future integrated schools.[58][59] In July 1957, the Maryland Court of appeals threw out a residential legal effort to block the Supreme Court's authority on county integration plans.[60] On July 13, 1963, the Board of education put together a plan to desegregate schools, which was put into effect in November 1963 with a plan to continue partial segregation until 1967.[61] The chairman of the NACCP education committee Robert H. Kittleman, threatened demonstrations if the school board would continue segregation past 1964.[62] The bounty's official plan to eliminate segregation was approved by Francis Keppel, the United States Commissioner of Education, in July 1965 days before the passage of desegregation requirements in the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 which helped finance new town of Columbia.[63] Howard County eliminated one class of segregated students a year, taking 11 years to implement integrated classes.[64][65][66]

1970s

Lake Elkhorn Middle School - Cradlerock Elementary School (Once Dasher Green Elementary - Owen Brown Middle)

With the development of Columbia, The school system shift's its emphasis on neighborhood schools.[67] The school board faces complaints of children from new developments in Columbia being districted in outlying underutilized schools because the developer promised a "Columbia School System" in its sales marketing.[68] In 1972 the Office of Civil Rights questioned the lack of African Americans in administrative positions. Dr. Goedeke responded by saying there was a lack of qualified applicants, and that African American teachers that ran colored schools prior to integration were "teacher-principals" or "teachers-in-charge" who were not qualified as administrators under present-day considerations.[69] In 1974, school budgets produced a surplus of $200,000 from bond investments that were returned to the general funds.[70] Future County Executive Charles I. Ecker is brought on as superintendent for Howard County schools serving until 1989.[71] In 1976, arbitor Robert I. Bloch ruled that the school selection board had improperly used race and non-professional factors in the review of Charles Griffin for pupil personnel supervisor.[72] The county opened the first conjoined Elementary School and Middle School with Dasher Green Elementary and Owen Brown Middle.[73]

1980s

Prior membership in the school board was by selection. In 1982, William Manning became the first African American elected on the 118-year-old school board.[74] In 1984, each school was supplied with 23-45 Apple IIe computers, starting the first education efforts in programming.[75]

1990s

Ilchester Elementary School Opened 1996

In 1992, Superintendent Micheal E. Hickey proposed a $250 million plan to expand the school system by 15 schools.[76] By 1993, the school board voted to delay school construction and look at construction cost savings.[77]

2000s

In 2006, Howard County sets a health policy limited birthday celebrations to once a month and banning home baked cookies or cakes with cream filling.[78]

2010s

In 2012, the county partially outsourced support for children with autism to the Linwood Center. In 2013, the common core system is implemented. Also known as "Race to the top," the common core curriculum was implemented to help students understand and solve problems on their own. In 2014, the school computer systems are targeted by a cyber attack.[79] Later that year, the Howard County-based One Maryland Inter-County Broadband Network won a service contract for network services. In late 2014, the board approved early retirement options for teachers with over 15 years of tenure with an projection of 594 employees leaving the system.[80] In 2015 the superintendent suspended citizen review of the yearly budget relying on the Zero-based budgeting process.[81]

Residential subdivision

In 1964, the developers of Columbia, Maryland envisioned an independent year round school system for its residents. A portion of the land bought by Rouse corporation was provided at no cost to the school system to build schools to accommodate the impact from the development. Howard County remained in control of the school system.[82]

Laurel Woods Elementary surrounded with modular classrooms

As Columbia reached its maximum planned capacity, developers turned to the Eastern portion of Howard County served by public water and sewer for infill development opportunities. The Howard County School system increased substantially in size and development in the county outpaced the number of seats available for students. In 2006, An adequate public facilities ordinance (APFO) was enacted. It temporarily limited development in elementary school districts only which were over 120% capacity. It still allowed developers the ability to proceed with projects three years after submittal regardless of overcrowding.[83] To keep up with demand, the school system developed a method of regular redistricting, moving students to Western schools with more capacity.[84] The School system revived the concept of portable trailers in the early 1990s, increasing to 50 units in 1995, 217 by 2013 and 238 in 2014.[85][86]

Year High Schools Junior High Schools Elementary Schools Total Schools Students Budget $ per student (adjusted to 2013)
1847[87] 20 (single-room) 20 $3900 ($111,423 Inflation adjusted to 2013)
1877[88] $1,989.48 (segregated), $488.67 (colored)
1900[89] Combined Combined 70 (Grades 1−11 single-room) 55(segregated),15(colored) 3,019 $41,666.49 ($979,680.19 Inflation adjusted to 2013) $324
1929 Combined Combined $123,932
1936 Combined Combined $161,631
1941[90] 3 (segregated), 1(colored) No Jr. High 3,469 $290,000
1947 3 (segregated), 1(colored) No Jr High 6 (segregated), 8(colored) 18 3,619 $520,000[91]
1952[92] 3 (segregated), 1 (colored) 2 (segregated) 8 (segregated), 9 (colored) 23 4,776 $1,043,107.00 ($9,162,533.80 inflation adjusted to 2013)
1968 3 20 13,000
1975 6 7 23,992[93]
1978 8[94] 11 26 45 +1 VoTech +1 special needs 25,606 $46,100,000[95]
1980 8 10 25,228[93]
1985 8 10 24,978[93]
1990 8 10 26 30,002[93] $155,000,000 (Operating) $9,520.07
1995 8 15 37,323[93]
2000 10 18 44,525[93]
2005 12 19 47,795[93]
2010 12 19 49,991[93]
2011 12 19 50,489[93] $13,708
2013 12 19 40 71 + 3 special needs 51,681 $703,667,400 (operating), $77,490,000 (capital) $15,263
2014 12 20 41 73 + 3 special needs 52,799 $725,300,000 (operating) $14,108
2027 67,639 (est)[93]

High schools

The county operates 12 high schools.[96][97]

Name Enrollment Principal History Modular Classrooms
Atholton High School 1360 JoAnn Hutchens Est. 1966
Centennial High School 1360 Claire Hafets Est. 1977 Rated Best School in The Baltimore Region 2015 4
Glenelg High School 1420 David Burton Est. 1958
Hammond High School 1220 Marcy Leonard Est. 1976 4
Howard High School 1420 Nick Novak Est. 1950 15
Long Reach High School 1488 Joshua Wasilewski Est. 1996 4
Marriotts Ridge High School 1222 Tammy Goldeisen Est. 2005
Mount Hebron High School 1456 Andrew Cockley Est. 1965 4
Oakland Mills High School 1144 Katherine Orlando Est. 1973
Reservoir High School 1512 Pat Saunderson Est. 2002 5
River Hill High School 1389 Kathryn McKinley Est. 1996
Wilde Lake High School 1271 James LeMon Est. 1971, Open-layout school rebuilt in 1996[98]

High School Advanced Placement Scores 2015[99]

High School High School Enrollment AP Exams AP Exams 3+ AP Exams 3+ %
Atholton 1460 711 603 84.8%
Centennial 1402 1453 1231 84.7%
Glenelg 1261 939 759 80.8%
Hammond 1226 490 353 72.0%
Howard 1758 1164 828 71.1%
Long Reach 1434 468 333 71.2%
Marriots Ridge 1161 1024 888 86.7%
Mount Hebron 1498 864 776 89.8%
Oakland Mills 1085 521 326 73.5%
Reservoir 1482 743 544 73.2%
River Hill 1310 1335 1125 84.3%
Wilde Lake 1234 477 391 82.0%

Middle schools

The County operates 20 middle schools.[97]

Name Enrollment Principal History Modular Classrooms
Bonnie Branch Middle School 705 Cherolyn Jones 1999 2
Burleigh Manor Middle School 683 Antoinette Roberson 1992 Named after the Burliegh Manor slave plantation home 1
Clarksville Middle School 729 Joelle Miller 1979 5
Dunloggin Middle School 544 Jeffrey Fink 1973 5
Elkridge Landing Middle School 691 Gina Cash 1995 2
Ellicott Mills Middle School 808 Christopher Rattay 1939 - Former Ellicott City High School 3
Folly Quarter Middle School 625 Scott Conroy 2003 - Named after the Folly Quarter slave plantation home
Glenwood Middle School 652 Robert Motley 1967 6
Hammond Middle School 630 Kerry Dufresne 1971 3
Harper's Choice Middle School 560 Adam Eldridge 1973 5
Lake Elkhorn Middle School 450 (approx) Martin Vandenberge 1976 as Owen Brown middle, Operated as the K-8 "The Cradlerock School" from 2003-2009, then renamed to Lake Elkhorn in 2011. 1
Lime Kiln Middle School 608 Lucy Lublin 1999
Mayfield Woods Middle School 548 Melissa Shindel 1991 2
Mount View Middle School 721 Allen Cosentino 1993 2
Murray Hill Middle School 636 Rick Wilson 1997 6
Oakland Mills Middle School 442 Megan Chrobak 1972
Patapsco Middle School 762 Cynthia Dillon 1969 2
Patuxent Valley Middle School 760 Rick Robb 1989 - $21.7 million in security modifications and expansion approved in 2014.[100] 6
Thomas Viaduct Middle School 680 (approx.) Shiney Ann John 2014 - Built as part of the Oxford Square development, named after the Thomas Viaduct rail bridge (1833) built on the site of the Hockley Forge and Mill(1760)[101]
Wilde Lake Middle School 524 Lisa Smithson 1969 - Named after the Wilde Lake drainage reservoir. 9

Elementary schools

The county operates 41 elementary schools.[97][102]

Name Enrollment Principal History Modular Classrooms
Atholton Elementary School 387 Denise Lancaster Opened 1961, named after the nearby early 1700s Athol manor house of rev James MacGill 3
Bellows Spring Elementary School 762 Carol Hahn Opened 2003, named after the Thomas Christian farm "Bellow's Spring". 5
Bollman Bridge Elementary School 663 Rhonda Inskeep Opened 1988, named after the nearby Savage Bollman Truss Railroad Bridge 2
Bryant Woods Elementary School l[103] 335 Kelley Hough Opened 1968 4
Bushy Park Elementary School 788 Molly Ketterer Opened 1976, named after Dr. Charles Alexander Warfield's 1771 slave plantation "Bushy Park"[104] 0
Centennial Lane Elementary School 628 Amanda Wadsworth Opened 1973 5
Clarksville Elementary School 634 Kaye Breon Opened 1964 1
Clemens Crossing Elementary School 522 Edward Cosentino Opened 1979 3
Cradlerock Elementary School 487 Jason McCoy Opened 1976 as Dasher Green Elementary. Operated as "The Cradlerock School" from 2003-2009, Renamed to Cradlerock Elementary in 2011. 3
Dayton Oaks Elementary School 788 Carol DeBord Opened 2006 0
Deep Run Elementary School 601 Tricia McCarthy Opened 1990, named after the Deep Run branch of the Patapsco River 5
Ducketts Lane Elementary School 662 Heidi Balter Opened 2013 0
Elkridge Elementary School 779 Debra Anoff Opened 1992 4
Forest Ridge Elementary School 626 Genée A. Varlack Opened 1992 5
Fulton Elementary School 772 Sharon Lewandowski Opened 1997 0
Gorman Crossing Elementary School 540 Debbie Caldwell Opened 1998, named after Senator Arthur Pue Gorman. 2
Guilford Elementary School 462 Jonathan Davis Opened 1954 5
Hammond Elementary School 597 Kimberlyn Pratesi Opened 1971 1
Hollifield Station Elementary School 688 Lisa J. Booth Opened 1997 3
Ilchester Elementary School 668 David Adelman Opened 1996 2
Jeffers Hill Elementary School 421 Patricia Shifflett Opened 1974 2
Laurel Woods Elementary School 540 Susan Brown Opened 1973 as Whiskey Bottom Road Elementary 2
Lisbon Elementary School 553 Michael Caldwell Opened 1976 1
Longfellow Elementary School 418 Laurel Marsh Opened 1970 8
Manor Woods Elementary School 647 Jim Weisner Opened 1994 1
Northfield Elementary School 672 Tiffany Tressler Opened 1968 1
Phelps Luck Elementary School 540 Michelle Leader Opened 1972 7
Pointers Run Elementary School 776 Lenore Schiff Opened 1991 9
Rockburn Elementary School 667 Lauren Bauer Opened 1993 1
Running Brook Elementary School 405 Troy Todd Opened 1970 3
St. John's Lane Elementary School 597 Vicky Sarro Opened 1954 - Built by Windsor Construction for $235,985.00 6
Stevens Forest Elementary School 333 Ernesto Diez Opened 1972 5
Swansfield Elementary School 528 Maisha Strong Opened 1972 4
Talbott Springs Elementary School 443 Nancy Thompson Opened 1973 7
Thunder Hill Elementary School 368 Martha Bowen Opened 1970 1
Triadelphia Ridge Elementary School 544 Peggy Dumler Opened 1998 0
Veterans Elementary School 788 Robert Bruce Opened 2007 7
Waterloo Elementary School 594 Sean Martin Opened 1964 4
Waverly Elementary School 675 Kathy Jacobs Opened 1990. Named after the George Howard slave plantation, Waverley 3
West Friendship Elementary School 396 Aaron Tark Opened 1925 as the West Friendship Consolidated High School[105] 0
Worthington Elementary School 516 Chanel Mosby Opened 1976 next to the New Cut landfill.[106] 1

Former Howard County schools

References

  1. ↑ "Contact Us."Howard County Public School System. Retrieved on November 30, 2012. "10910 Clarksville Pike (Route 108) Ellicott City, MD 21042" - Driving Directions Archived January 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. - The Census Bureau Map shows that the location of the district headquarters is in the Columbia, Maryland Census-designated place; even though the postal address states "Ellicott City, Maryland the headquarters are not physically in the U.S. government-defined Elicott City census-designated place
  2. ↑ "2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Columbia CDP, MD #2." (Archive) U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on November 30, 2012. The Census Bureau Map shows that the location of the district headquarters is in the Columbia, Maryland Census-designated place
  3. ↑ "Howard County Public School System: Schools". Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  4. ↑ "The Howard County Public School System Enrollment Report, February 28, 2013" (PDF).
  5. ↑ "Board Of Education (BOE)". Howard County Public School System. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  6. ↑ Sun, Baltimore. "Howard County voters sweep challengers into school board seats". Howard County Times. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  7. ↑ Elihu Samuel Riley. A History of Anne Arundel County in Maryland: Adapted for Use in the Schools. p. 106.
  8. ↑ Joshua Dorsey Warfield. The founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. p. 207.
  9. 1 2 Howard County Historical Society. Images of America Howard County. p. 60.
  10. ↑ Index to the Laws and Resolutions of Maryland.
  11. ↑ United States Office of Education. Contributions to American Educational History, Issue 19. p. 166.
  12. ↑ "Public Schools". The Baltimore Sun. 30 April 1853. p. 4.
  13. ↑ Elihu Samuel Rile. A History of Anne Arundel County in Maryland. p. 108.
  14. ↑ "1865 Board of Education Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  15. ↑ Archives of Maryland Manual vol 154. p. 56.
  16. ↑ Mansfield Daily Shield. 15 October 1894. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ "TEACHERS TO TEST CASE. Instructor in Howard County Was Fined for Whipping Pupil". The Washington Post. 21 May 1905.
  18. ↑ "486". Laws of the State of Maryland. 1922. p. 1082.
  19. ↑ "West Friendship Elementary School". Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  20. ↑ Susan G. Pearl. The Rosenwald Schools of Maryland Multiple Property Documentation.
  21. ↑ Louise Vest (19 November 2014). "Cornerstones laid for Ellicott City High School in 1924". The Baltimore Sun.
  22. ↑ "Maryland State Archives". Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  23. 1 2 "1937 board minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  24. ↑ "Maryland State Archives". Retrieved 25 May 2013.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 "1939 minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 25 May 2013.
  26. ↑ "Developing the Taylor property Howard County: Construction on long-held land in Ellicott City was inevitable.". The Sun. 27 March 1997.
  27. ↑ "1941 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  28. ↑ "1942 Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  29. ↑ "1944 minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  30. ↑ "1946 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  31. ↑ "1948 Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  32. ↑ "1949 board minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  33. 1 2 "1949 minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  34. ↑ "1952 board minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  35. ↑ "1953 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  36. ↑ "Gertrude Crist heads school board nominees". The Times. 31 March 1965.
  37. ↑ James A Clark Jr. Jim Clark Soldier Farmer Legislator. p. 106.
  38. ↑ Edward G. Pickett (12 February 1963). "SCHOOL PLAN GETS BACKING: Howard Building Program Supported At Hearing". The Baltimore Sun.
  39. ↑ "WILTON FARMS ADMITS CHARGE: One Of 8 Dairies Under Indictment In Price Fixing". The Baltimore Sun. 26 October 1963.
  40. ↑ "C.Y. STEPHENS DIES IN CRASH: Head Of High's Dairy Firm Killed Near Annapolis". The Baltimore Sun. 30 November 1963.
  41. ↑ "HOWARD UNIT CHANGE EYED: Schoenhrodt Asks Larger School Board". The Baltimore Sun. 21 December 1963.
  42. ↑ "Miller favors buying building". The Baltimore Sun. 19 February 1966.
  43. ↑ "Buildings Keep Ahead of Growth". The Times. 31 March 1965.
  44. ↑ Joushua Olsen. Better Places Better Lives Autobiography of James Rouse. p. 184.
  45. ↑ "1966 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 5 December 2013.
  46. ↑ "Project set in Howard". The Baltimore Sun. 3 March 1967.
  47. ↑ Jacques Kelly (4 January 2000). "M. Thomas Goedeke, 81, was superintendent of Howard County schools". The Baltimore Sun.
  48. ↑ "Dr. Goedeke named to Howard County Post". The Baltimore Afro-American. 13 January 1968. p. 32.
  49. 1 2 Howard's Roads to the Past. Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001. 2001. p. 17.
  50. ↑ Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 80.
  51. ↑ Seeking Freedom The History of the Underground Railroad in Howard County. p. 103.
  52. ↑ Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 87.
  53. ↑ "1938 Board minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  54. 1 2 "1940 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  55. ↑ "1942 Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  56. ↑ "7 October 1952 School Board Meeting" (PDF). Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  57. ↑ Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 132.
  58. ↑ Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 141.
  59. ↑ "1956 Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  60. ↑ The Baltimore Afro-American. 2 July 1957. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  61. ↑ "November 1963 Board of Education executive meeting" (PDF). Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  62. ↑ "Truces Eases Row in Howard". The Washington Post.
  63. ↑ Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 214.
  64. ↑ Janet P. Kusterer; Victoria Goeller. Remembering Ellicott City: Tales from the Patapsco River Valley.
  65. ↑ "Howard County School Board Apologizes for Earlier Segregation". The Baltimore Sun. 15 November 2012.
  66. ↑ Howard County Historical Society. Howard County. p. 68.
  67. ↑ Howard County (Md.). Columbia Commission (1971). Impact of new town zoning on Howard County, Maryland: report to County Executive and County Council, Howard County, Maryland. p. 38.
  68. ↑ Ellen Hoffman (26 September 1969). "New Towners The Voiceless Marylanders, Columbia Citizens Seeking More Say". The Washington Post.
  69. ↑ "On discrimination, racism in Howard County Schools". Baltimore Afro-American. 29 April 1972.
  70. ↑ "Surplus exceeding $200,000 to be returned by Howard school system a 2d straight year". The Baltimore Sun. 22 November 1974.
  71. ↑ Charles Schelle (13 June 2010). "Ecker's final school board meeting is picture perfect Retiring superintendent praised by staff, officials". Carrol Eagle.
  72. ↑ "Howard County Exposed". The Baltimore Afro-American. 1 May 1976.
  73. ↑ Joseph Rocco; David L. Stebenne. New City Upon a Hill. p. 112.
  74. ↑ Pinnie L. Ross (13 November 1982). "History in the making in Howard County". Baltimore Afro-American.
  75. ↑ Chris Spolar (25 November 1984). "Tools of Learning Are Abundant In Howard County Public Schools: System Leads Area in Spending on Materials Learning Aids Now Include Computers". The Washington Post.
  76. ↑ "Howard County Superintendent upset the Board of Education when he proposed spending over $250 million". The Washington Post. 26 September 1992.
  77. ↑ "Having trimmed $13 million from 1993s capital budget by delaying several school building projects". The Washington Post. 15 October 2013.
  78. ↑ Jennifer Peltz (30 August 2006). "More Schools banning birthday treats". The Free Lance Star.
  79. ↑ Sara Toth (24 January 2014). "Howard schools recover from possible cyber attack". The Baltimore Sun.
  80. ↑ Blair Ames (30 December 2014). "HCPSS offers employees early retirement option". The Howard County Times.
  81. ↑ Blair Ames (8 January 2015). "Howard school board suspends citizen budget review committee". The Baltimore Sun.
  82. ↑ Joseph Rocco Mitchell; David L. Stebenne. New City Upon a Hill: A History of Columbia, Maryland. p. 100.
  83. ↑ "Howard County, Md., Council Passes Plan to Halt Development at Crowded Schools". The Baltimore Sun. 31 July 2003.
  84. ↑ Erin Texeira (27 March 1988). "Schools to move 887 students; Five elementaries affected by efforts to fill Triadelphia Ridge". The Baltimore Sun.
  85. ↑ Howard Libit (3 March 1995). "Board considers sites to get portable classrooms". Baltimore Sun.
  86. ↑ "2014 Capitol Budget" (PDF). Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  87. ↑ Howard County Board of Education. 1858.
  88. ↑ "School Fund". The Ellicott City Times. 24 March 1877.
  89. ↑ Maryland State Board of Education (1900). Annual Report of the State Board of Education. p. 237.
  90. ↑ Baltimore Sun. 10 May 1942. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  91. ↑ "1947 Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  92. ↑ "1952-1953 Howard County Schools" (PDF). Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  93. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "2014 HCPSS Budget" (PDF). Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  94. ↑ The Washington Afro-American. 14 March 1978. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  95. ↑ "Howard Co. School board Seeks $46.1 Million School Budget". The Washington Post. 2 March 1978.
  96. ↑ "Howard County Schools". Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  97. 1 2 3 "2016 Capitol Budget" (PDF). Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  98. ↑ "Renovation at Wilde Lake is to be more extensive". The Washington Post. 23 September 1993.
  99. ↑ http://reportcard.msde.maryland.gov/rschool.aspx?K=03AAAA&WDATA=school
  100. ↑ "Howard school board approves Patuxent Valley renovation plans". The Baltimore Sun. 11 February 2014.
  101. ↑ "New Howard school named for Thomas Viaduct". The Baltimore Sun. 18 December 2013.
  102. ↑ "HPSS Elementary Schools". Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  103. ↑ Columbia Archives (14 June 1992). "Columbia's first 25 years: a chronology". The Baltimore Sun.
  104. ↑ "A True Colonial, Circa 1771". The Washington Post. 16 September 1996.
  105. 1 2 Howard County Historical Society. Images of America Howard County. p. 66.
  106. ↑ Tanika White (28 February 2002). "Board rejects site for school Members dislike location near Alpha Ridge Landfill Decision a surprise Most likely place seen as Mount View, which opposes it". The Baltimore Sun.
  107. 1 2 3 4 Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 81.
  108. ↑ Howard's Roads to the Past. Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001. 2001. p. 95.
  109. ↑ "HO-722" (PDF). Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  110. ↑ "Howard County School Board Meeting October 12, 1948" (PDF). Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  111. ↑ "Howard County Board Meeting September 1948" (PDF). Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  112. ↑ Louise Vest (5 June 2014). "Last graduating class from Harriet Tubman in 1965". The Baltimore Sun.
  113. ↑ "Dorsey Academy". The Times. 31 March 1965.
  114. ↑ Barbra w Feaga. Columbia Roads to Howards Past. p. 60.
  115. ↑ "EPA Gateway School". Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  116. ↑ "Saturday's Spring Fling is a community tradition". The Sun. 30 April 1998.
  117. ↑ Lindsey McPherson (24 July 2012). "Agreement is reached to develop former Gateway School site in Clarksville". The Baltimore Sun.
  118. ↑ "Maryland State Archives" (PDF). Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  119. 1 2 3 "1949 minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  120. ↑ "Preservation Howard County". Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  121. ↑ "Projects proposed". The Washington Post. 28 September 2006.
  122. ↑ "USGS NHD Feature ID 170863 Colesville School (Historical)". Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  123. ↑ "Governor Warfield teacher at 20". The Times (Ellicott City). 31 March 1965.
  124. 1 2 "Rosenwald Schools". Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  125. ↑ Susan De Ford (17 February 2005). "Despite Deep Roots, a Quandary of Growing Pains; Congregation Strives to Replace Century-Old Building". The Baltimore Sun.
  126. ↑ "1943 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  127. ↑ Seeking Freedom The History of the Underground Railroad in Howard County. p. 61.
  128. ↑ Laura Rosenberg (31 August 2011). "New school brings sense of pride". The Baltimore Sun.
  129. 1 2 3 Howard's Roads to the Past. Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001. 2001. p. 11.
  130. ↑ "HO-275" (PDF). Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  131. ↑ "The keepers of Howard County history". The Baltimore Sun. 21 August 2014.
  132. ↑ "The 2012 Top Endangered Sites". Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  133. ↑ "Top 10 endangered historical sites in Howard County". The Baltimore Sun. July 11, 2014.
  134. ↑ "Never too late, 'grad' closes 76-year gap Car crash, injury postponed completion". Howard County Times. 15 June 2010.
  135. ↑ "1952 Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  136. ↑ "1964 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  137. 1 2 3 Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 85.
  138. ↑ Barbara Feaga. Howard's Roads to the Past. p. 60.
  139. ↑ Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 94.
  140. ↑ "1952 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  141. 1 2 Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 127.
  142. ↑ "1935 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  143. ↑ Edward Lee (26 January 1998). The Baltimore Sun. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  144. ↑ "Elkridge High is gone, but memories live on at reunion". Baltimore Sun. 22 July 2013.
  145. ↑ Susan De Ford (18 January 2001). "Old School Offers a Lesson; Restored Ellicott City Colored School to Represent, Promote History". The Washington Post.
  146. ↑ "1944 Meeting minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  147. ↑ "Howard County set to open new Roger Carter Center". The Baltimore Sun. 12 June 2013.
  148. ↑ "Ellicott City residents criticize Hilltop Housing Plan". The Baltimore Sun. 24 February 2011.
  149. ↑ "Maryland Legislature". Baltimore American. 28 February 1888.
  150. ↑ The Baltimore Sun. 29 March 1981. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  151. 1 2 Howard's Roads to the Past. Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001. 2001. p. 8.
  152. ↑ Edward Gunts (14 April 1991). "Old school converted into condos Greystone opens in Ellicott City". The Baltimore Sun.
  153. 1 2 "1938 board minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 25 May 2013.
  154. ↑ "1949 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  155. ↑ Kevin Leonard (7 August 2015). "Human cannonball was big attraction at Howard County Fairs held at Laurel Raceway". The Baltimore Sun.
  156. ↑ Howard County Historical Society. Images of America, Howard County. p. 19.
  157. ↑ Howard County Historical Society. Images of America Howard County. p. 61.
  158. ↑ "1967 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  159. ↑ "Judge rejects appeal of school closings". The Baltimore sun. 27 April 1983.
  160. ↑ "Howard County school offices to move out of Faulkner Ridge Center Future of Wilde Lake facility yet to be announced". The Columbia Times. 29 September 2010.
  161. ↑ Maryland Historical Trust. Maryland Inventory of Historical Properties HO-274.
  162. ↑ "1943 Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  163. ↑ "History of Mt Zion Methodist Church". Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  164. ↑ Howard's Roads to the Past. Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001. 2001. p. 90.
  165. ↑ "Martinents 1860 Map". Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  166. ↑ Howard County Historic Society. Images of America Howard County. p. 64.
  167. 1 2 Ivan Penn (18 November 1994). "Desegregation Recalled in Schools Celebration". The Baltimore Sun.
  168. ↑ Seeking Freedom The History of the Underground Railroad in Howard County. p. 90.
  169. ↑ "HO-703 Historical Inventory" (PDF). Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  170. ↑ Howard County Historical Society. Images of America Howard County. p. 66.
  171. 1 2 Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 82.
  172. ↑ Barbara Feaga. Howard's Roads to the Past. p. 44.
  173. ↑ John Foertschbeck Sr. Woodmine on the B&O. p. 158.
  174. ↑ "1949 Board Minures" (PDF). Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  175. ↑ Barbara Feaga. Howard's Roads to the Past. p. 49.
  176. ↑ James Clark. Jim Clark Soldier Farmer Legislator. p. ix.
  177. ↑ "Pfeffer's Corner". Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  178. ↑ "1940 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  179. ↑ "Rockland School To Open". The Baltimore Sun. 19 August 1962.
  180. ↑ "News briefs: School building given to county". The Baltimore Sun. 20 November 1988.
  181. ↑ "Board of Education Minutes 1934" (PDF). Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  182. 1 2 "1938 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  183. ↑ "1939 board minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  184. ↑ "Board Closes Md. School.". The Washington Post. 9 April 1937.
  185. ↑ "1938 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  186. ↑ "1953 Board Minutes" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  187. ↑ "Lisbon Items". The Ellicott City Times. 2 September 1870. p. 1.
  188. ↑ Howard County Historical Society. Images of America Howard County. p. 65.
  189. ↑ Howard County Board of Education. 1864.
  190. ↑ Alice Cornelison; Silas E. Craft Sr.; Lillie Price. History of Blacks In Howard County. p. 126.
  191. ↑ Howard's Roads to the Past. Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001. 2001. p. 12.

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