Hudson Soft HuC6280

The HuC6280 8-bit microprocessor is Japanese company Hudson Soft's improved version of the WDC 65C02 CPU, an upgraded CMOS version of the popular NMOS-based MOS Technology 6502 8-bit CPU manufactured for Hudson by Seiko Epson. The most notable product using the HuC6280 is NEC's PC Engine video game console.

Description

The HuC6280 contains a 65C02 core which has several additional instructions and a few internal peripheral functions such as an interrupt controller, a memory management unit, a timer, an 8-bit parallel I/O port, and a programmable sound generator. The processor operates at two speeds, 1.79 MHz and 7.16 MHz.

Memory mapping

The HuC6280 has a 64 KB logical address space and a 2 MB physical address space. To access this entire memory space, the HuC6280 uses an MMU (Memory Management Unit) that splits the memory space into segments of 8 KB. The logical address space is split as follows:

           page 0 -> $0000-$1FFF
           page 1 -> $2000–$3FFF
           page 2 -> $4000–$5FFF
           page 3 -> $6000–$7FFF
           page 4 -> $8000–$9FFF
           page 5 -> $A000-$BFFF
           page 6 -> $C000-$DFFF
           page 7 -> $E000-$FFFF

Each logical 8 KB segment (or page) is associated with an 8-bit register (MPR0-7) that contains the index of the 8 KB segment (or bank) in physical memory to map in this page. Two special instructions are used to access these registers:

TAMi, transfer the content of the accumulator (A) into an MPR register (0-7).

TMAi, transfer an MPR register into the accumulator.

HuC6280's PSG

The PSG provides 6 sound channels, which can be conveniently paired according to the functionality they provide:

       0-1 - Waveform playback
             Frequency modulation (channel 1 muted)
       2-3 - Waveform playback only
       4-5 - Waveform playback
             White noise generation

Waveform playback is the most common and allows a 32 byte, 5 bit unsigned linear sample to be played back at selected frequencies. Frequency modulation takes this one step further, allowing the playback frequency to be dynamically adjusted according to a specified pattern. White noise is used to simulate percussion instruments and effects, such as explosions, by means of a pseudo-random square wave.

Alternatively, each channel can be individually switched to "Direct D/A" mode in which the programmer can send data directly to the sound mixer, allowing more complex sound patterns to be generated, such as speech. Inevitably, this requires more programming effort and CPU time.

External links

65xx-based CPUs

MOS Technology / CSG	6501 6502 6503/4/5 6507 6508 6509 6510 (and 6510T, 7501, 8500, 8501, 8502) 6512/13/14/15 8502 65CE02 (and 4510)

Western Design Center	65C02 65C134 65C265 65816 (and 65802)

Game Machine CPUs	Hudson HuC6280 Nintendo SA-1 Ricoh 2A03 Ricoh 5A22

Microcontrollers	Mitsubishi 740 family Renesas 740 family

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