38th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

38th Division
Soldiers of the 228th regiment of 38th division entering Hong Kong, December 1941
Active	1939 - 1945
Country	Empire of Japan
Branch	Imperial Japanese Army
Type	Infantry
Garrison/HQ	Nagoya, Japan
Nickname(s)	Swamp Division
Engagements	Battle of Hong Kong Dutch East Indies campaign Guadalcanal campaign New Georgia Campaign New Britain campaign Admiralty Islands campaign
Commanders
Notable commanders	Tadayoshi Sano Yoshimitsu Abe Takeo Itō

The 38th Division (第38師団 Dai sanjūhachi shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army, activated 30 June 1939 in Nagoya, simultaneously with the 39th, 40th and 41st divisions. Its call sign was the Swamp Division (沼兵団 Numa Heidan).

Action

The division was initially assigned in October 1939 to the 21st army to provide security services to the Guangdong in the aftermath of the Canton Operation. 9 February 1940 the 21st army was dissolved and 38th division was reassigned to South army. 28 June 1941 the South army was also dissolved and 38th division ended up in 23rd army.

The division saw heavy action during the Pacific campaign of World War II. Initially, the division served in conquest of Hong Kong in 1941. 4 January 1942, the 38th division was assigned to the 16th army and its 230th infantry regiment (converted for this occasion into 3rd mixed regiment) has participated in the Battle of Java (1942). In November 1942, the 3rd battalion of the 229th infantry regiment was sent to participate in the New Guinea campaign, where it was largerly destroyed in January 1943. From October 1942 to February 1943, the rest of 38th division also took heavy losses in the Guadalcanal Campaign and was thereafter assigned to the defense of the New Georgia, Admiralty Islands, New Britain, and New Ireland until the end of the war. In particular, 229th infantry regiment has participated in New Georgia Campaign in June - October 1943. Majority of 38th division troops have meet the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945 around Rabaul.

The division's soldiers were accused of committing war crimes during their operations in the Pacific theater.^[1] One of the division's senior officers, Takeo Itō, was convicted of war crimes by an Allied military tribunal after the war.^[2]

See also

• List of Japanese Infantry Divisions

References

http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/t/20255 http://www45160u.sakura.ne.jp/DB/第38師団

• This article incorporates material from the Japanese Wikipedia page 第38師団 (日本軍), accessed 18 March 2016

Footnotes

1. Budge, Kent. "Takeo Ito". Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
2. Some Noteworthy War Criminals Source: History of the United Nations War Crimes Commission and the Development of the Laws of War, United Nations War Crimes Commission (London: HMSO, 1948)

Books

• Frank, Richard (1990). Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-58875-4.
• Fuller, Richard (1992). Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-151-4.
• Griffith, Samuel B. (1963). The Battle for Guadalcanal. Champaign, Illinois, USA: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06891-2.
• Rottman, Gordon L.; Dr. Duncan Anderson (consultant editor) (2005). Japanese Army in World War II: The South Pacific and New Guinea, 1942-43. Oxford and New York: Osprey. ISBN 1-84176-870-7.
• United States War Department (1991) [reprint of 1944 edition]. Handbook on Japanese Military Forces. David Isby (Introduction) and Jeffrey Ethell (Afterword). Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-2013-8.

Web

• Ammentorp, Steen. "Sano, Tadayoshi, Lieutenant-General".
• Budge, Kent G. "Sano Tadayoshi (1889–1945)".
• Bullard, Steven (translator) (2007). Japanese army operations in the South Pacific Area New Britain and Papua campaigns, 1942–43. Senshi Sōshō (translated excerpts). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. ISBN 978-0-9751904-8-7. See p. 163 for a breakdown of the division's organization in September 1942.
• Hough, Frank O.; Ludwig, Verle E.; Shaw, Henry I. Jr. "Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal". History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II.
• Miller, John Jr. (1995) [1949]. Guadalcanal: The First Offensive. United States Army In World War II. United States Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 2006-07-04.
• Shaw, Henry I. "First Offensive: The Marine Campaign For Guadalcanal". Marines in World War II Commemorative Series.
• World History Database (1999–2000). "Tadayoshi Sano".
• Zimmerman, John L. (1949). "The Guadalcanal Campaign". Marines in World War II Historical Monograph.